Dengue fever (UK /ˈdɛŋɡeɪ/ or US /ˈdɛŋɡiː/), also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. In a small proportion of cases the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure occurs.

1. Topic:Topic: Dengue
Fever
Facts we all need to know
School Name : Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya,
Viveknagar, Tripura, West
Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi
Digital eContent Submitted by:
Name of the Teacher : Mr. Uday Pal(PGT)
Year: 2014-15
Email- udaysc@yahoo.com

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Alternative Names
 Onyong- Nyang Fever
 West Nile Fever
 Break Bone Fever
 Dengue like Disease

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Inter play of three factors
WE
The Virus The Mosquito
Interaction

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The Virus
Dengue
Virus

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The Dengue Virus
Four types
 Type 1 to 4
 Transmitted by mosquito –
Indian national airliner for most
germs!

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Dengue Virus
Electron Micrograms

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The Aircraft for Dengue
Aedes aegypti
(Infected Female Mosquito)

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Watch out ! This Mosquito
 Day biting – normally catches us unaware
 Loves / lives in fresh water in homes
 Lays eggs preferentially in jars, discarded containers, coconut
shells, old tires etc.
 Year round breeding
 Tropical regions like our mother India are its favorite zones.
 It is an urban mosquito

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Geographical distribution
Prevalent from centuries Highly prevalent now

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Dengue Fever
 Dengue viruses – 4 flavours cause it
 It is transmitted by a mosquito- the Aedes aegypti
 It is generally an animal virus
 Man is accidentally infected
 Other vertebrates are the reservoirs

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Types of dengue!
 Classical form: Dengue Fever with Muscle pains
this is classical presentation in 90% cases.
 Bleeding form: Dengue Fever with bleeding in
7% cases.
 Dengue shock: In 3% cases.

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What do we experience ?
 2–7 days after the mosquito had its dinner
on us we may develop
 Sudden onset of fever, chills, headache
 Back pain with severe muscle and joint
pains
 Pain behind the eyes and on moving the
eyes
 Nick name - Break bone fever- pains so
severe
 Red patches or spots on the skin
 Mild nose bleeds
This is the ordinary classical

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What is the end result?
 Complete recovery is the rule
 Severe weakness many persist for many days after the
fever leaves us

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Dengue – The bleeding form
 Blood vessels are affected
 There is severe oozing into tissues
 Bleeding into all possible parts of body
 Blood clotting mechanism is disrupted
 Blood pressure falls and many end in collapse and death
 In the best centers 5% of this type of Dengue will reach their
forefathers

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Symptoms of bleeding form
 Bleeding into skin
 From Gums
 From Nose
 Into our food passages
 Blood in urine

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Skin bleeds

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Bleeding into the eye

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Large bleed into skin

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Bleeding spots in skin
Dengue
Normal

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Rare types of Dengue ( dengue
shock)
 Brain fever
 Liver damage
 Heart damage
 Severe bleeding into
stomach

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What are the tests needed?
 Routine blood test
 Tests to check the clotting process
 Special tests to identify the Dengue or its foot marks in
our blood
 Urine to check protein leak

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Special Test (ELISA)
ELISA Plate IgM-capture ELISA

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Treatment of Dengue
 Supportive measures – Mosquito screen
 Avoid pain killers
 Steroids should not be used
 Plenty of water and salt are required
 Children below 12 require careful watch
for dangerous form
 No antibiotics are of proven value

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Child with severe form of
Dengue
Oxygen
IV Fluids
Special Care
See the tubes
every where
Frightening, isn’t it?

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Common Misconceptions
 Severe Dengue is only a childhood illness –
No, All ages may be involved
 Severe form is a problem of poor families – No, The effluent
do get very sick

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Can we protect ourselves?
 There is no vaccine available as yet
 But we can prevent the disease by preventing ourselves from
mosquito bite

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Mosquito Control
How to prevent mosquito spread?
1. Do not allow empty vessels, coconut shells,
plastic containers, flower pots, tires etc to collect
rain water in them
2. Frequently (once in 2-3 days) empty all water
storage containers
3. Cover your over tanks to prevent mosquitoes
breeding in fresh water

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How to prevent mosquito bites?
 Screen your homes with mosquito
screens
 Wear full clothing – long sleeves
 Apply mosquito repellents
 Keep Dengue fever patient
under mosquito net
 True community participation is key

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Thank You !