Demography is the statistical study of human populations and how they change over time or space. It involves analyzing the size, structure, and distribution of populations, as well as changes in populations due to birth, migration, aging, and death. Demography is important for sociology and other social sciences because all social groups are populations that change in size, location, and characteristics over time, impacting cultures, economies, politics, and societies. Demographers study overall population size, territorial distribution of populations, and population composition.

1. DEMOGRAPHY AND ITS SCIENCES

4. Statistical study of human population. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic human population , that is, one that changes over time or space. It encompasses the study of the size, structure and distribution of these populations, and spatial and/or temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging and death.

6. IMPORTANCE An important part of sociology and the other social sciences because all persisting social aggregates— societies, states, communities, racial or ethnic groups, professions, formal organizations, kinship groups, and so on—are also populations. The size of the population, its growth or decline, the location and spatial movement of its people, and their changing characteristics are important features of an aggregate whether one sees it as a culture, an economy, a polity, or a society. Institutionally, demography is usually considered a field of sociology. Demographic analysis can be applied to whole societies or to groups defined by criteria such as education, nationality, religion and ethnicity.

9. POPULATION SIZE TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION POPULATION COMPOSITION Each part has a somewhat separate literature, tradition, method, and body of substantive theory. Each of these parts—size, territorial distribution, and composition—is a major arena in which the relationships between demographic change and social change are investigated by social scientist-demographers.