This is a PPT of business Demography which is help to learn demographic information.

1. UNIT – 1
INTRODUCTION TO DEMOGRAPHY
Assistant Professor Hanumant Shingade

2. Meaning:
The Term Demography – is derived from the Two Greek Words “demos” & “Graphein”
demos means People and Graphein Means Write or to draw.
The Meaning of Demography is to draw or to write about people.
Demography is the Scientific study of the human population.
Definition of Demography -
Demography is the study of the size, territorial distribution, and the composition of the
population, changes therein, and components of such changes, which may be identified as
natality, mortality, territorial movement (migration) and social mobility”.

3. Nature of Demography

6. Nature of Demography:
a) Density of Population:
The density of the population is calculated as a ratio of the number of persons per square kilometer of land
area. Normally the density of population is very high in the urban and industrial areas and it is quite low
in the rural areas.
b) Sex Composition:
In India, there is a trend in favor of the masculine population. The sex distribution of the population of India
shows two things higher ratio of males in the population and a rising tendency toward masculinity. In
India, 103 female babies are born against 100 male babies and the loss of female babies after birth is
much higher than that of males. This led to falling in the sex ratio. There are a number of factors that are
responsible for the fall in sex ratio. They are more female folks due to insufficient attention and care after
birth. The death rates of women are high in the reproductive age group 11-19 due to the practice of early
marriage.

9. c) Age Composition:
The analysis of the age composition of the population can determine the proportion of labour force in the
total population of the country. The population in India is divided into three groups on the basis of age
structure such as 0-14, 15-59 and 60 and above. The higher child population in India has resulted from a
higher birth rate and fall in the infant mortality rate. Populations on 0-14 age groups are dependent. The
proportion of the working population in the age group of 55-60 has been declining.
d) Rural - Urban Composition:
The rural-urban composition of India population reflects on the pattern of living of the country's
population.' In India majority of the population lives in rural areas. However, there is growing trend for
gradual shift of population from rural to urban areas.

10. e) Life Expectancy:
The average life expectancy of birth in India has been gradually increasing. The increases in life expectancy
have become possible due to a fall in infant mortality. So although the life expectancy in Mila increased in
recent years it compares favorable with the level of expectancy attained in some other countries.
f) Literacy Rate in India:
In India, the level of literacy has gradually increased. In the last ten years, there has been tremendous growth
in the literacy rate. In 2001 the literacy rate was 65.38 and in 2013 literacy rate increased up to 74.04
percent.
(Note: Before Independence as per 1941 Census Literacy Rate – 16%, Female – 7.3% Male 24. 9%)

11. Need to Study Demography
i
• Political
ii
• Administrative
iii
• Social
iv
• Economic
v
• Business

12. i) Political: The factual demography gives the information the rate by which the numbers of vote are
increasing. This will help in identifying the voters and by which the arrangement is done for conducting
elections. In the political field the authorities would be able to know with the help of factual demographic data
about the rate at which the number of voters, both male and female, are increasing and how the generation
gap is gradually influencing national and international politics.
ii) Social: Demography is that part of human knowledge which is most closely concerned with the systematic
and organised study of society. It is here that the society will come to know what social needs are essential
for the growing population. Demographic study assumes importance because child development
programmes are included in the study. It is population factor which makes it necessary for making
improvised provision of electricity, road, water, housing, school, hospital needs of the society on the one
hand and shopping centres, hygienic facilities, etc... on the other.

13. iii) Administrative: Administrators find demographic studies immensely useful. An administrator will have to
give due consideration to the population factor in gearing the administrative machinery to fulfil the needs of
the people. These studies have several administrative uses. Population statistics are related to matters such as
the election of representative governing bodies, tax collection and the working of industry and
commerce. The state also depends upon such studies for the provision of social services and health services,
maintenance of law and order and so on.
iv) Economic: Demographic studies helps in farming economic progress which can contribute to economic
development, helps in assessment of economic development with rate of growth in population can be made,
demography gives the information of per capita income and production. On the basis of demographic data,
the level of economic and social growth and development can be ascertained. Social and economic
change can be ascertained through such data.

14. v) Business: It helps business concerns for product planning and development. It also helps for forecasting
product demand and supply. Demographic data helps marketing professional to market and sell their
product. Customer satisfaction and organisational objectives are achieved on basis of demographic studies.

15. Importance of Demography
Importance
of
Demography
Health Planning
Employment Planning
Planning of food
Supply
Housing Planning
Planning for
Concerning Migration

16. Scope of Demography
Size of
Population
Labour Force
Population
Policy
Composition
of population
Distribution
of Population

17. Source of Demographic Study
Population
Census
Sample
Survey
Vital
Registration
Population
Registration

18. 1) Population Census:
The census is the main source of demographic statistics in many countries. It is usually defined as
the total process of collecting, compiling and publishing demographic economic and social data. The
census at a population provides a satisfactory method of recording the size, distribution and other
characteristics of the population at fixed intervals.
2) Sample Survey:
These are the second most important sources of demographic statistics. It seeks to collect
information only from a fraction of the population. It is not a costly method. Usually there are coverage,
classification and sampling errors in sampling method for population data.

19. 3) Vital Registration:
It is an important source for getting information about birth. Census gives information only about
the population is registered. In every country of the world today it is almost compulsory that every death,
birth marriage, etc., should be registered. It is also known as comparative statistics analysis. With the help
of such analysis information can also be collected about fertility and mortality. Under this system every person
is required to fill up certain forms including birth certificate, death certificate, and marriage certificate.
4) Population Registration:
This source is usually employed by the developed countries who maintain a regularly updated
list of people resident in a country with details of sex, date of birth, marital status, etc.

20. Components of Demographic Study
Mortality
Fertility
Migration

25. Factors Affecting
Migration
Push Factors
i. Income and Employment
ii. Distance
iii. Poverty
iv. Globalisation and Urbanisation
v. Education
Frequency of Natural Disasters
Pull Factors
i. Standard of Living
ii. Better Social Services
iii. Government Policies and Programmes
iv. Better Economic Opportunity

28. THANK YOU