About demography

1. DISCIPLINE OF
DEMOGRAPHY
• Kaye Shie G. Torres
• Mark Jorazel Mollona

2. OBJECTIVES:
AT THE END OF THIS MODULE, I CAN:
1. Connect the discipline of Demography with its
Historical and Social foundation.
2. Trace the historical foundation and social context
that lead to the development of demography as a
social science discipline.
3. Compare and contrast social science discipline
according to their fields, main area of inquiry, and
methods.
4. Determine how demography can be used to
address social concerns.

3. 03
01 02
04
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEVEOPMENT OF
DEMOGRAPHY
CLASSICAL
WORKS
CURRENT
APPLICATION
FIELDS OF
DEMOGRAPHY

4. DEMOGRAPHY
Demography comes from the Greek words demos (people) and graphia (a description of).
• From this Ethymology, we may derive that demography is the study
of human populations through the use of statistical analysis and
mathematical modeling.
• A population’s basic features include age, sex, family, and household status.
• The socioeconomic features of a population are religion, language,
ethnicity, education, income, and wealth.

5. DEVELOPMENT OF
DEMOGRAPHY

6. Englishman John Graunt
(1620-1674)
01
His book Natural and Political Observation
Made upon the Bills of Morality (1662).
• Described the weekly deaths and baptism
that went back to the end of the 16th century.

7. JOHAN SUSSMILCH
(1717-1767)
02
His book THE DIVINE ORDER (1741)
• Provided the mortality tables for
the entire populations of Prussia.
• A german demographer,
pastor, and statistican.
• Considered as a pioneer in
demography and one of the
Founding Father of German
demography.

8. 18TH CENTURY
• The increased awareness
and significance brought
by mortality tables and
death rates help
establishing life insurance
industries.
• Later on, civil registries
recorded births, deaths,
and marriages which
further developed to
offset church registries.
18TH CENTURY 19TH CENTURY
• The study of demography
continued to focus on
mortality, considerable
attention was given in the
second half of the 19th
century when a
downward trend in fertility
rates was noticed

9. Classsical work in
Demography

10. THOMAS MALTHUS
● An English Cleric Scholar whose most notable work is
“An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798).
● He discussed how population growth would inevitably
lead to increase in consumption of products required for
human living.
● This theory, which describe and predicts that the rising
trend in population growth would lead to widespread
poverty, is now called Iron Law of Population.

11. KINGSLEY DAVIS (1908-1997)
● American sociologist and demographer whose works
produced theories about society and populations.
● His most important works, The Population of India and
Pakistan (1951)and World Urbanization(1972).
● He is known to have coined and defined the term Zero
Population Growth, which refers to a phenomenon when
the birth rate of the population is equal to its death rate.

12. TIMOTHY DYSON
● DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION refers to the
movement of populations from high and
roughly equal death and birth rates, to low
and roughly equal death and birth rates.
● He is an retired professor of population
studies at the London School of Economics,
provided two instances of demographic
transition between pre-transition and post-
transition.

13. TRANSITION PERIODS
PRE-TRANSITION
● Occurs when birth and
death rates are high
infants seldom reach
their first birthdays.
POST-TRANSITION
• Is characterized by
high live birth rates
and low death rates
due to advancements
in medicine and
technology.

14. The Fields of
Demography

15. TWO TYPES OF DEMOGRAPHY
Is a quantitativre study of population in
the past.Historical demographers use,
among others, censuses conducted by
governments, historical records,
church registries, genalogies and
family trees to establish an
approximation of demographic data.
Historical
Demography
Social
Demography
Uses demographic data to describe
and explain social phenomena. It
investigates social phenomena that
affects the distribution, growth,
migration, and settlement of
populations. Social demography
also studies the social status
distribution within a population.

16. KEY CONCEPTS IN
DEMOGRAPHY

17. FERTILITY
● Can either mean the live birth of a
population or the number of women in
childbearing age(15-49 years old). A
society with a high fertility rate could
have an expected increase in
population

18. MORTALITY
● Is the death rate or frequency of death in a
population. A low mortality rate could contribute
to an increase in population but could also
affect social dynamics due to issues relating to
an aging population. If people live longer, they
create a bulge in the aging population which in
turn shifts the needs of society.

19. MIGRATION
-Is the movement of people across a particular
boundary to establish a permanent or semi-permanent
residence.
INTERNATIONAL INTERNAL
• Refers to the movement
of people within the
boundaries of a country
• Refers to the movement of
individuals from one
country to another

20. URBANIZATION POPULATION
• Refers to the number
of inhabitants in a
given area such as
countries and regions.
• Refers to the growth
percentage of the
urban population to
total population

21. RESEARCH METHOD IN
DEMOGRAPHY
DIRECT INDIRECT
• One technique used by
contemporary
demographer is “Sister
Method”.
• Another technique is
interviewing people and
questioning them about
their families.
• First method is gathering
data through registries
• Second method is
acquiring data through
censuses conducted by
national governments

22. CURRENT APPLICATION
OF DEMOGRAPHY
BIODEMOGRAPHY
POPULATION
GEOGRAPHY
• Population demography
is the scientific study of
people and their
distribution over regions
and through time.
• Is the integration of
biological theories with
the study of
demography.

23. THANK
YOU!