The document discusses democracy and its various forms and characteristics. It defines democracy as a system of government where supreme power is held by the people, either directly or indirectly through elected representatives. Direct democracy is discussed as a form where people participate directly in administration, though it is only prevalent currently in a few Swiss cantons. Characteristics of democracy discussed include sovereignty held by the people, liberties, equality, rule of law, and periodic elections. Both merits and demerits of direct democracy are provided. The conclusion states that democracy is generally the best form of government for developing a country where there are equal rights and necessities for all citizens.

1. DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY
POWER POINT PRESENTATIONPOWER POINT PRESENTATION
BY SANJEEV ADGOTRA (SS CAFÉBY SANJEEV ADGOTRA (SS CAFÉ
01923222598)01923222598)

2. DemocracyDemocracy
In democracy supreme power is inIn democracy supreme power is in
the hands of people who exercise thisthe hands of people who exercise this
power either directly or indirectly, thoughtpower either directly or indirectly, thought
the elected representatives who responsiblethe elected representatives who responsible
to the peopleto the people

3. Various aspects of democracyVarious aspects of democracy
 Democratic stateDemocratic state
 Democratic governmentDemocratic government
 Democratic societyDemocratic society
 Democratic economic orderDemocratic economic order
 Democratic way of lifeDemocratic way of life

4. Characteristics of democracyCharacteristics of democracy
 Sovereignty with the peopleSovereignty with the people
 State and government are considered meansState and government are considered means
 Faith in the rationality of manFaith in the rationality of man
 LibertyLiberty
 EqualityEquality
 FraternityFraternity
 Provision of fundamental rightsProvision of fundamental rights
 Independent and impartial judiciaryIndependent and impartial judiciary
 Rule of majorityRule of majority

5.  Respect of public opinionRespect of public opinion
 Faith in peaceful and constitutional methodsFaith in peaceful and constitutional methods
 Freedom to form opposition partiesFreedom to form opposition parties
 Open competition for political powerOpen competition for political power
 Periodic electionsPeriodic elections
 Independent means of propagandaIndependent means of propaganda
 Rule of lawRule of law
 Decentralization of powerDecentralization of power
 Pluralistic character nof societyPluralistic character nof society

6. Kinds of democracyKinds of democracy
Direct democracy-: in direct democracyDirect democracy-: in direct democracy
people take direct part in the administration ofpeople take direct part in the administration of
the state. In modern time direct democracy isthe state. In modern time direct democracy is
prevalant only in five cantons of Switerzerland.prevalant only in five cantons of Switerzerland.
But in other few states also there are someBut in other few states also there are some
characteristics of direct democracy.characteristics of direct democracy.

7. Characteristics of direct democracyCharacteristics of direct democracy
 The primary assemblies or landsgemeindeThe primary assemblies or landsgemeinde
 ReferendumReferendum
1.1. Compulsory referendumCompulsory referendum
2.2. Optional; referendumOptional; referendum
 InitiativeInitiative
1.1. FormulatedFormulated
2.2. UnformulatedUnformulated
 PlebiscitePlebiscite
 Right to recallRight to recall

8. Merits of direct democracyMerits of direct democracy
 Based on popular sovereigntyBased on popular sovereignty
 Best method to know public opinionBest method to know public opinion
 Close relationship between the voters and theClose relationship between the voters and the
legislaturelegislature
 People get political educationPeople get political education
 Laws are better obeyedLaws are better obeyed
 Check over legislaturesCheck over legislatures
 Best method to resolve the dead lock between twoBest method to resolve the dead lock between two
houses of legislaturehouses of legislature
 Proper protection of the interests of the peopleProper protection of the interests of the people
 It minimise the bad effects of political partiesIt minimise the bad effects of political parties
 No fear of revolutionNo fear of revolution

9. Demerits of direct democracyDemerits of direct democracy
 It lowers the prestige of legislatureIt lowers the prestige of legislature
 Common man is not competent to make lawCommon man is not competent to make law
 Hindrance in the way of progressive legislationHindrance in the way of progressive legislation
 It is an expensive systemIt is an expensive system
 Causes delay in the passing of lawsCauses delay in the passing of laws
 Referendum is a not a sound way to know theReferendum is a not a sound way to know the
public opinionpublic opinion
 Defect of political partiesDefect of political parties
 Indifferent attitude of the peopleIndifferent attitude of the people

10. Merit of democracyMerit of democracy
 Government is based on the will and consent ofGovernment is based on the will and consent of
the peoplethe people
 The government seeks the welfare of allThe government seeks the welfare of all
 Administration is good and responsibleAdministration is good and responsible
 People get political educationPeople get political education
 Government is based on liberty, equality andGovernment is based on liberty, equality and
fraternityfraternity
 In this government there is less possibility ofIn this government there is less possibility of
revolutionrevolution

11. Demerits of democracyDemerits of democracy
 More importance to quantity than qualityMore importance to quantity than quality
 It is based on the principle of unnatural equalityIt is based on the principle of unnatural equality
 It is cult of incompetenceIt is cult of incompetence
 Dominance of bureaucracyDominance of bureaucracy
 It is expensive governmentIt is expensive government
 Unstable governmentUnstable government
 Bad effects of political partiesBad effects of political parties

12. CONSCLUSIONCONSCLUSION
 After discuss the above, points of democracy, weAfter discuss the above, points of democracy, we
come to know that the democracy form ofcome to know that the democracy form of
government is the best form of the government ingovernment is the best form of the government in
which the country will develop to the great developedwhich the country will develop to the great developed
country of the world, the countrycountry of the world, the country where there iswhere there is
equal rights for all mankind, abundance ofequal rights for all mankind, abundance of
 food, availability of shelter and other necessaries offood, availability of shelter and other necessaries of
life, the country where is the rule of law and the rulelife, the country where is the rule of law and the rule
of the poor people of the country. If these countriesof the poor people of the country. If these countries
with democratic form of government, full fill thewith democratic form of government, full fill the
above requirements of the life, than this nation willabove requirements of the life, than this nation will
become a developed nation of the worldbecome a developed nation of the world..