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Introduction to democratization
The document discusses the processes of democratization, including transitions from authoritarian regimes to democracies and the essential institutions that support this transformation. It highlights the importance of a constitution in defining government structures and operates under principles such as popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and judicial review. Additionally, it covers federalism as a system of governance that divides power between national and regional entities, emphasizing its role in accommodating large populations and diverse societies.
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Introduction to democratization
- 1. Introduction to Democratizationand Democratic Constitution Presented by Aung Ko Ko Toe Knowledge Propagation Society Mandalay
- 2. • Transitional Process 1.Transition 2. Liberalization 3. Consolidation
- 3. • Definition ofDemocratization 1. transition to a more democratic political regime. 2. transition from an authoritarian regime to a full democracy 3. transition from an authoritarian political system to a semi-democracy 4. transition from a semi-authoritarian political system to a democratic political system.
- 4. Democratization - Political Scienceapproach Democratic transitions are the change from the original non- democratic regime (dictatorship) to a democratic regime. A successful transition to democracy involves - removing the old non-democratic regime; - creation of democratic institutions and - establishment of democratic procedures.
- 5. Democratization - Political Scienceapproach Democratic consolidation means stabilization of these democratic institutions and procedures and achieving their acceptance by all important actors in a given country - political parties, - the army, - religious institutions, - various important non-governmental organizations, etc
- 6. It isimportant to be aware that democratic transition may or may not end in democratic consolidation. Two Condition; - a risk of returning to a non-democratic type of regime. - a hybrid form of semi-authoritarianism.
- 7. • Pre-Conditions Necessaryfor Successful Democratization Wealth Education The Resource Curse Civil Society Middle Class Social Equality Culture Homogenous Population
- 8. • Myanmar forSuccessful Democratization Hypothesis of Francis Fukurama -Economic Growth - State Building - Rule of Law - Social Mobilization
- 9. Types of Transitions Atop-down (elite-controlled) change from within government (Examples: Spain, Hungary). Negotiated reform of the regime and the government (Examples: South Africa, Poland) A bottom-up (people power) change: Regime breakdown and the collapse of authoritarianism under the pressure of mass protests (Examples: the Philippines, Czechoslovakia).
- 10. • For Questionto Change Autocratic regime Strong Strong Weak Weak Democratic challenger Weak Strong Weak Strong
- 11. Autocratic regime Democraticchallenger Outcome Strong Weak Regime remains Strong Strong Regime liberalizes Weak Weak Regime remains Weak Strong Democratic breakthrough
- 12.
- 13. • Democratic Structure -Democracy - Separation of Power for Regime (How to Distribution of Power) - Institutions - Independent Agencies Constitution
- 15. • Definition ofConstitution The constitution is the public law, providing how a government is structured and operates. A constitution is a contract concerned with Rights and Duties between government and people. The Constitution says how the government works. It creates the President. It creates the legislation. It creates the Supreme Court.
- 16. • Organ ofConstitution there are three organs - how various agencies are organized - what power is entrusted to those agencies - in what manner such power is to be exercised
- 18. • Make upthe Constitution the 7 basis ideas 1. Popular Sovereignty 2. Limited Government 3. Separation of Powers 4. Checks and Balances 5. Judicial Review 6. Individual rights 7. Federalism
- 19. Popular Sovereignty - Leadershipsuccession though election - Elections ensure that key position in government will be contested at periodic intervals and that the transfer of governmental authority is accomplished in a peaceful and orderly process. Majority rules but not rules by majority. Minority rights must be protected from the tyranny of the Majority.
- 20. ဖ ြဲ႕စည္း ပံးအေးခခံအေပဒ ေအပဒ နည္း ေအပဒ လပထံးး လပနည္း ၊ စည္း မ်ေ္း / စည္း ကမ္း ၊ ေမိန္အေၾကက း္း င စ ၊ ေမိန္ေ၊ ညႊန္ၾက ခ်က္ Rule of Law Constitutional Court
- 21. Judicial Review Judicial branchinterprets the law (Courts) The interpreter or final judge on what the Constitution says and means. The powers of a court to determine the constitutionality of a governmental action.
- 22. Judicial Review အေး ခခံေအပဒခံးရံံးး (Constitution Court) အေး ခခံအေပဒခံးရံးး သည္ အေး ခခံေအပဒ ပဌ န္း ခ်က် ်ားႏးငင္း ပကသ က္အးသ စည္း ၾကကပ္ိိုင္ း စ္း ပ အးပၚထြကလ အးသ ေအပဒေ လံးး ကိ (ေအပဒြက္ တစဆင္းနိမ္းအးသ ေဆိမ် ေပါေဝင္) ၎ကိ တင္း ပသည္း စ္အးစ၊ မတင္း ပသည္ း စ္အးစ အေး ခခံေအပဒ င္း ကကြဲကလြဲပါက ဝင္အးရ က္၍ ပယ္ဖ်က္ိိုင္ငြင္း ရိးငသည္။
- 23. ေပြ် ်ဳပ္အးရ ေ ဏ ေအပဒ နည္းေအပဒ လပထံးး လပနည္း း း ပည္သူအ႕ရ ရ ဝန္အးဆ ငႈ ေအပဒ ပ်ဳေ ဏ (လႊတ္အးတ း္) ေအပဒၾကကမ္း ေအပဒေ စ္ လႊတ္အးတ း္က း ပဌ န္း အးပ ရသည္ နည္း ေအပဒ လပထံးး လပနည္း ေ စ္ လႊြးတ္အးတ း္က ေတည္း ပ်ဳ အးပ ရသည္။လႊတ္အးတ း္အး ရ ရ အးက း္မတမ် က အးစ င္းၾကကည္း သည္ အေပဒၾကကမ္း ေပြ် ်ဳပ္အးရ ေ ဏ က း ပဌ န္း အးပ ရသည္ လႊတ္အးတ း္က ေတည္း ပ်ဳအးပ ရသည္ ၾကက န း ခင္း အးမ ြခန္း အး မ း ခင္း ေဆိတင္ငသင္း း ခင္ း အေး ခခံေအပဒထတင္ အး း္း ပြ သည္း စနစသစ္
- 24. • Federalism Definition – Asystem of government in which powers are divided by the state and national government. National Government, Federal Government, Central Government Regional Government, State Government, local Government
- 25. • Federalism Core ofFederal Decentralization State - vertical division of power between member units and shared institutions. - Combination of Self-rule and Shared rules Constitutional Defined and Protected (Guaranteed) Decentralization + Constitutional Guarantee Federalism
- 26. • Decentralization - have3 steps 1. Decision Making 2. Budget Sharing 3. Elected by Bottom Decision Making Power - Manage to resources * is very deep decentralization
- 27. • Federalism Why Federalism -Big Territories & Large Population - Pluralism of Society - Lower Level of Government Check and Balance - Foster Peace - Economic Reasons
- 28. The Supremacy Clause (ArticleVI, Section 2) City and Country Laws State Statues (laws) State Constitutions Acts of Congress United States Constitution The U.S. Constitution is the “Supreme Law of the Land.” If there is a conflict between a lower law and a higher one, the higher one “wins.”
- 29.