Deforestation has several negative effects: 1) It contributes to climate change and global warming by reducing forests that absorb carbon dioxide. 2) It increases greenhouse gas emissions as trees are cut down and no longer absorbing emissions. 3) It causes soil erosion as tree roots no longer hold soil in place, exposing it to runoff into waterways.

1. Deforestation
[evs by Rudra prasana nayak]
 Effect on climate change
By:- mechanical department
Asutosh sethy (ME-19-22)
Soumys Sourav nayak(ME-19-23)
Abinash ku das (ME-19-24)
Susant ku dehury (ME-19-27)
Satyabrata Mohanty(ME-19-21)

2. Introduction
 Deforestation- In simple terms, means the clearing of forest cover or tree plantations to accommodate
agricultural, industrial or urban use.
 It involves the permanent end of forest to make that land available for residential, commercial or
industrial purposes.
 Deforestation is a growing global problems with far reaching environmental and economical
consequences, including some that may not be fully understood until it is too late to prevent them
physically.
 The destruction and cutting down of forests is done for many reasons, but most of them are related to
money.
 All this deforestation causes increased atmospheric co2 level, a factor in global warming, deforestation
wipes out habitats, disrupt ecosystems and leads to the potential extinction of many species .
 While some people may receive immediate economic benefits from activities that result in deforestation,
those short term gains cannot offset the negative long term economic losses.

3. Cause of deforestation-
 Agricultural activity
 Live stock ranching
 Illegal logging
 Urbanization /industrialisation
 Desertification of land
 Mining
 Forest fire
 Over papulation

4. Effect of Deforestation
 Climate change & climate imbalance
 Increase global warming
 Increase green house gas emissions
 Soil erosion
 Wildlife extinction & habitat loss
 Acidic oceans
 Food insecurity in the future
 Decline in life quality

5. Solution to deforestation
 Govt. regulations
 Banning clear cutting of forest
 Afforestation
 Reduce consumption of paper
 Educate rural area people also urbans
 Eat less meat
 Reduce deforestation prone products

6. Primary causes of deforestation
1. agricultural activities
agricultural activities are the one of the significant factor affecting
deforestation. According to FAO (food & agriculture organisation) agriculture
leads 80% of deforestation estimately 18 million acres of forest are lost each
year.
Due to overgrowing demands for food products , a huge amount of trees are
felled to grow crops, and 33% of agriculture caused deforestation is because
of subsistence agriculture.

7. 2. Livestock ranching
 Livestock is believed to be responsible for about 14% of global
deforestation. Farmers often clear the land by cutting the trees and
burning them to raise livestock and grow food. They continue to use the
property until the soil is completely degraded and repeat the same
process on new woodland. eventually, it’ll reforest, but it will take many
year to return to its original condition.40
 Surprisingly, over the past 40 years, the forest area has reduced by almost
percent, and during the same period, pasture regions and castle
population have grown significantly and rapidly.

8. 3.Raising cattle
 Cattle ranching has a massive impact on forest around the world,
particularly in tropical rain forest many farmers used deforested area of
land to raise cattle , however it might surprise you to learn that some
corporation do this in a large scale. the most namely food company are
mc donalds , pizza hurt, dominos, burger king etc. they destroy the forest
for cattle raising.

9. 4.illegal logging
 Logging is also a common cause of deforestation as trees are cutdown to
produce paper, furniture , match sticks etc. in logging clear cutting is the
main issue they clear the total forest for raw material. In some cases
,area of forest that have been cleared placed a mono-plant forest (having
one species of plants).in India a much amount of eucalyptus and debdaru
planted for reforest after clear cutting oak and pine trees for paper
production. But it is not a sustainable solution for nature, bio diversity is
supported by a diversity of flora as well as fauna. The woods are also
used as fuel both directly and indirectly trees are chopped for meeting
the demand for supplies firewood and charcoal .according to the
environment paper network 640 million of trees are cutdown for paper
production every year only for waste these paper. America, china, japan
are the worlds leading paper production country and that is 400 million
tons each year. if we recycled, that could save 27.5 million tons of carbon
dioxide from going into the atmosphere.

10. 5.Urbanization /infrastructure
 Urbanization or housing is the final major contributing cause of
deforestation which is the most difficult issue to solve. This due to the fact
that , at its base urban sprawl is driven by overpopulation .overpopulation is
one most complex issue at the base of many environmental problems. The
total papulation in India is estimated at 1.366 billion and the world
papulation is running 7.7 billion, the growth rate of papulation is more than
2.1% every year. The increase in population required more infrastructure
,food ,job and more natural resources which cause the largest amount of
people with a small amount of environmental resources .Industries
,highways ,airports ,railways and buildings have greater impact on
deforestation . Forest are cleared in a large scale for development. As india
is a developing country its infrastructure increases day by day . An
interesting example to solve shortnly the infrastructure the concept of
compact city .

11. 6.mining
 Mostly mines are found in forest area so mining is also a big issue for
deforestation. Oil and coal mining requires a considerable amount of
forest land. Apart from this roads and highway have to built for
transportation . Waste that comes from mining pollute the environment
and affects the nearby species. Gold, coper, diamond, and other precious
metals are mostly found in forest .mining waste are very dangerous to
wildlife like cyanide a highly toxic chemical element when it gets free
from cyanide-gold compound.

12. 7.Forest fire
 Forest fire is the big issue for deforestation, it occurs naturally or intentionally by some
people.
 Thousands of trees and wildlife are lost and burnt each year due to forest fire in various
portion of the world. It is generally happened due to extreme warm or any natural
phenomenon . In some cases forest fire occurs due to man for agriculture or other cause.
the largest forest fire occurs in 2019-2020 is Australia forest fire about 46050750 acers of
forest affected like coala, kangaroo, are burnt alive a much amount of wildlife destroyed
also in carlifornia.

13. Effect of Deforestation
 Climate imbalance and climate change deforestation directly affects the climate in many
ways . Forest are the lungs of our planet .trees take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen
and water vapour in the air.in that way it directly affect water cycle, carbon cycle and
oxygen cycle . So that rainy season can’t comes in time. Trees also provide shade that
keeps the soil moist. All these are compromised with the lack of trees. It leads to the
imbalance in the atmospheric temperature, drier climate , further making conditions for
the ecology difficult that leads to climate change . several animals and plant species that
from the flora and fauna across the world are vastly accustomed to their natural habitat.
Therefore ,haphazard clearance of forests would make it very difficult for them to survive
or to shift from their native environment or adapt to new habitats . When a forest cut
down, the humidity levels come down and cause the remaining plants to dry out . The
drying out tropical rainforests increases fire damage that destroys forests rapidly and harms
wild animals as well as humans . Forests and climate are linked intrinsically . Forest loss
and degradation are both a cause and an effect of our changing climate . At the same
time, deforestation is self-perpetuating.

14. Increase in global warming
 Trees play a major role in controlling the global warming . The trees utilize
greenhouse gases, restoring the balance in the atmosphere . With constant
deforestation, the ratio of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has
increased ,adding to our global warming woes .
 Increase in greenhouse gas emissions ;- forest help to mitigate carbon
dioxide and other toxic greenhouse gas emission. However, once they are
cut, burned, or otherwise removed, they become carbon sources. It
estimated that

15. Increase in greenhouse gas emissions
 Forests help to mitigate carbon dioxide and other toxic greenhouse gas
emissions. However , once they are cut , burned , otherwise removed , they
become carbon sources ,
 Its estimated that deforestation is responsible for around 20 % of greenhouse
gas emission and due to tropical deforestation , 1.5 billion tons of carbon is
released every year in the atmosphere .
 Soil erosion
 Trees are also crucial for our local water cycles as they keep on returning water
vapor to the atmosphere . The soil remains moist as the rainwater percolates
within the soil.
 The fertile soil is held in place by intricate root structures of many layers of
trees . With the clearance of tree cover, the land is directly exposed to the sun
, making it dry . Without trees , erosion often occurs and sweeps the land into
nearby river and streams. Forest survive as nature’s water purification plants.
Soil erosion makes soil exposed to contaminants that leach into the water
supply , which damages the quality of our drinking water.

16. Soil erosion
 These are also crucial for our local water cycles as they keep on returning water
vapor to the atmosphere . The soil remains moist as the rainwater percolates
within the soil. the fertile soil is held in place by intricate root structures of
many layers of trees. With the clearance of tree cover, the land is directly
exposed the sun, making it dry. Without trees, erosion often occurs and sweeps
the land into nearby rivers and streams. Forest serve as natures water
purification plants. Soil erosion makes soil exposed to contaminants that leach
into the water supply , which damages the quality of drinking water.
 Floods;- when it rains, trees absorb and store a large amount of water with the
help of their roots. When they are cutdown, the flow of water is disrupted, and
the soil loses its ability to retain water. It leads to floods in some areas and
droughts in others.
 Wild life extinction & habitat loss;-due to the massive felling down of trees,
various animal species are lost. They lose their habitat and also forced to move
to a new habitat. Many of them are even pushed to extinction. Our world has lost
innumerable species of plants and animal in the last couple of decades. A study
of the Brazilian amazon forecast that up to 90% of predicted extinction will
occurs next 40 years.

17.  Acidic ocean:- the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to
deforestation and burning fossil fuel make out ocean more acidic. Since the industrial
revolution, beaches are already 30% more acidic, posing ocean species and ecosystem
at extreme risk.
 The decline in life quality of people:- people in millions all over the world depends on
forests for hunting, small scale agriculture, gathering, and ayurvedic medicine.
Everyday material we use, such as latex, cork, fruits , nuts, natural oil and resins are
found in the tropical forests. Deforestation disrupted the live of million of people. In
southeast Asia, deforestation has contributed to social conflict and migration.

18.  Food insecure in future:-deforestation for food may result in food
insecurity in the future. currently, 52% of all and used for food production
is moderately or severely impacted by soil erosion. In the long term, the
lack of fertile soil can leads to low yield and food insecurity.
 Loss of bio diversity:- deforestation leads to a huge loss of biodiversity.
About 80% of global biodiversity is located in tropical rainforests. The
forest is not only provides habitats for wildlife but also foster medicinal
conservation. the forest act as a critical medium to preserve the wide
verity of species. It also destroys the microbial community that is
responsible for production of clean water, the removal of pollutants and
the recycling of nutrients.

19. Solution to deforestation
1. Govt regulations :-the best solution to deforestation is to curb the felling of
trees by enforcing a series of rules and laws.
2. Banning clear cutting of forest:-this will curb the total depletion of the
forest cover. It is practical solution and is very feasible.
3. Reforestation and afforestation:- land skinned of its tree cover for urban
settlements should be urged to plant trees in the vicinity and replace the
cut trees. Also, the cutting must be replaced by planting young trees to
replace the older ones that were cut.
4. Reduce consumption of paper:- your daily consumption paper includes
printing paper, notebook, napkins, toilet paper, etc. try to reduce
consumption, reduce waste of paper and opt for recycled paper products.
make life simple such as printing/writer on both sides of the paper, using
less toilet paper, avoiding paper plates, and napkins and wherever possible,
go paperless.

20.  Educate others:- Still, many are entirely unaware of the global warming
problem we’re facing. Educate your friends, educate your family, and
community by sharing the deforestation facts and its causes and effects. You
can make an impact!
 Eat less meat:-livestock rearing has become one of the leading cause of
deforestation. Try to eat less meat, even just for one meal a day , will also
make an extreme impact on environment.
 Purchase from sustainable forest-friendly companies:-try to purchase from
companies that are committed to reducing deforestation. Asian pulb, paper
Disney, loreal, Hershey, unilever, willmar are good.
 Reduce consumption of deforestation prone products:- palm oil is a common
ingredient in absolutely everything we see around us. Make it a simple habit
to get a quick peek at the ingredients. Soybeans are the another
deforestation hot spot. use less forest product.

21.  Try to find ways to reduce deforestation. If our environment our natural resources kept in our security
then our life become better and planet safe.
thanku
plant trees & save trees