Comparative eco system
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The document discusses forests in Pakistan. It states that currently 4.8% of Pakistan's total land area is covered by forests. The forest area is divided into three categories: 1) natural forests covering 3% of land, 2) plantations covering 20%, and 3) dryland forests covering 29%. The document also outlines benefits of forests such as cooling air temperatures, generating oxygen, providing wildlife habitat, and supplying clean water. Factors that influence forest growth in Pakistan include land characteristics like soil, climate, and altitude.
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This document discusses tree planting initiatives in Haryana, India to increase forest cover and combat environmental issues. It notes that India has lost significant forest cover and carbon stock in recent decades. The Art of Living organization proposes to plant 1000 crore trees in Haryana using Miyawaki and natural plantation methods. This large-scale tree planting effort aims to sequester carbon, increase oxygen levels, and help address issues like global warming, soil erosion, and desertification. Support is requested from the Haryana government to provide resources like saplings, land, labor, and funding to enable successful implementation of the tree planting drive.
EVS GE6351-unit 3
Natural resources are classified as renewable or non-renewable. Renewable resources like forests can replenish themselves and provide important economic and ecological benefits. However, overexploitation and deforestation are reducing forest cover and negatively impacting the environment, economy, and livelihoods. Preventive measures are needed like replanting cut trees, discouraging fuelwood use, and controlling pests, fires, and overgrazing to promote sustainable forest management and conservation.
Blue print science
1. The document contains a blueprint for a science exam on forests that includes a content analysis, weightage to units and objectives, and types of questions.
2. It provides justification for allocating higher weightage to the interrelationship between forest components unit and to knowledge and understanding objectives.
3. The blueprint outlines the number and weightage of items, as well as the distribution of questions across multiple choice, very short, and short answer formats.
deforestation
Deforestation involves the removal of forests to clear land for human development. It is caused by factors like population increase, urbanization, and agriculture. Deforestation has negative environmental impacts such as increased carbon dioxide levels, soil erosion, reduced biodiversity, and increased flooding. Pakistan has one of the highest deforestation rates in Asia due to unsustainable logging and lack of enforcement of protection laws. Solutions include adopting sustainable farming practices, increasing renewable energy, and improving forestry institutions.
Deforestation
The document summarizes the causes and effects of deforestation. It notes that around 11,000 years ago, 60% of the Earth was covered in forests but now only 1/5 remains due to clearing for various uses. Deforestation results in damage to habitats and biodiversity loss. It disrupts the water cycle and causes issues like soil erosion, flooding, and drought. Large amounts of carbon dioxide are also released into the atmosphere from burned or rotting trees. Reforestation efforts are needed to mitigate the effects of deforestation.
Group#1.pptx
Deforestation is the removal of forests to clear land for human development. It is caused by population increase, industrialization, urbanization and infrastructure projects like road building and mining. This destroys habitats and biodiversity. Deforestation leads to climate change, soil erosion, flooding and loss of millions of plant and animal species. Pakistan has one of the highest deforestation rates in Asia due to unsustainable logging and lack of enforcement of protection laws, threatening its forests, wildlife and ecosystems. Reforestation efforts and sustainable practices are needed to preserve the environment.
Environmentalmanagement
This document discusses various aspects of natural resource management. It begins by defining natural resource management and explaining the need for its practice. Some key objectives of natural resource management include maintaining ecological diversity, sustaining resources for future generations, and facilitating employment. The document then outlines some common approaches to natural resource management employed by governments around the world. Finally, it provides classifications and examples of different types of renewable and non-renewable natural resources.
Forest Resources and Management
The document discusses forests and forest management. It defines a forest according to the FAO and notes that forests cover about one-third of the global land area. It then discusses forest resources and their various uses including commercial, ecological, and for tribal communities. The document outlines strategies for sustainable forest management including maintaining forest land and biodiversity. It also discusses India's forest statistics, laws and regulations related to forestry in India including the Indian Forest Act of 1927 and the Forest Conservation Act of 1980.
234655483.pdf
This document discusses the causes and environmental impacts of deforestation in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It finds that the major causes of deforestation are fuelwood collection, timber extraction, poverty, unemployment, lack of alternative resources, ineffective management, black marketing, and livestock grazing. Deforestation has led to significant environmental hazards in the region like increased flooding, climate change, landslides, soil erosion, and desertification. The highest rates of deforestation occur in conifer forests at medium elevations, which are an important source of resources for local communities.
Gem ppt-23-forests are green lungs
This document discusses the importance and benefits of forests. It begins by outlining 10 key benefits of forests, including absorbing carbon, providing habitat, jobs and resources, and regulating climate. It then discusses 10 major causes of deforestation, such as agriculture, logging, fires, and urbanization. In conclusion, it notes that the annual rate of deforestation has declined slightly in the past decade but remains too high, with over 5 million hectares lost per year globally due to current development policies that promote overconsumption.
Deforestation by Saul Mayordomo, Adrian george perez and Jose miguel perez hita
Deforestation by Saul Mayordomo, Adrian george perez and Jose miguel perez hita Antonio Saorín Pérez-muelas
The document discusses the issue of deforestation. It notes that around 11,000 years ago, 60% of the Earth was covered in forests but now only about 1/5 of land has forests. Deforestation occurs for various reasons like using trees for fuel, clearing land for agriculture, and development. This removal of trees without replanting has led to damage of habitats, loss of biodiversity, increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, soil erosion, and degraded wastelands. Reforestation efforts are needed to counter the effects of deforestation.World forest day 2017 By Mr Allah Dad Khan
World Forestry Day was established in 1971 by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization to raise awareness about the importance of forests. It is celebrated annually on March 21st. Forests are essential as they provide resources like wood, fiber, food and help regulate the climate. However, about 13 million hectares of forests are lost each year to deforestation. For World Forestry Day, events focus on educating people about forests and encouraging tree planting to help offset deforestation and climate change.
Deforestation & conservation efforts
About 11,000 years ago, before humans learned agriculture, forests covered much of the Earth's land. Today, after widespread deforestation, forests cover only about one-fifth of the planet's surface. Deforestation occurs for many reasons like using trees for fuel, timber, or cleared land for livestock or agriculture. The large-scale removal of trees without replanting has damaged habitats and biodiversity while increasing carbon dioxide emissions and soil erosion. Currently 12 million hectares of forest are cleared annually.
Conservation OF NATURAL RESOURCES.
The document discusses various types of natural resources and conservation. It defines renewable and non-renewable resources, with examples such as plants and animals being renewable while coal and petroleum being non-renewable. It then covers different types of conservation efforts, including water, soil, wetland, plant, and wildlife conservation. Energy conservation is also discussed as a way to balance energy needs with environmental impacts through solutions like alternative fuels.
11.biodiversity and ; forest biodiversity A Presentation By Mr. Allah Dad Kh...
A Presentation By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar allahdad52@gmail.com
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Unit 2 Sem 2 Natural Resources for BSc EMT BBM HM.pptx
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Deforestation by Saul Mayordomo, Adrian george perez and Jose miguel perez hita
Deforestation by Saul Mayordomo, Adrian george perez and Jose miguel perez hita
11.biodiversity and ; forest biodiversity A Presentation By Mr. Allah Dad Kh...
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More from Naeem Hassan
Introduction to computing
This document provides an introduction to computing. It defines a computer as an electronic machine that can accept input data, manipulate the data according to programmed instructions, store the output, and provide results. The document outlines the key characteristics of computers, including their ability to work quickly and accurately without breaks. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of computer usage. Additionally, it defines data and information, comparing their differences, and describes the main types of computers as analog, digital, and hybrid. The document concludes by explaining that computers are digital machines that use binary digits to process information.
Perception and Decision Making in Organizations
The document discusses perception and decision making in organizations. It describes the perceptual process, how individuals organize and interpret sensory information to understand their environment. It also discusses social perception and identity, how people perceive themselves and others based on personal and group identities. Stereotyping and attribution processes are examined, how people make judgments of others and attribute causes of behavior. Common perceptual errors like primacy effects, selective perception, and attribution biases are also summarized.
Individual Behavior and Learning in business/ Organizations
The document discusses factors that influence individual behavior and learning in organizations. It presents the MARS model which describes how motivation, ability, role perceptions, and situational factors influence individual behavior and performance. It also discusses theories of behavior modification, feedback, social learning, experiential learning models, and developing a learning orientation in organizations. Action learning is presented as an experiential learning approach where employees work in teams to solve real organizational problems.
Psychological development in middle childhood
Children's sense of self develops during middle childhood. Their self-concept and self-esteem change as they evaluate their competencies compared to peers. Children also develop greater self-control over impulses as their ability to delay gratification increases. Peer influence also grows in importance. Schools play an important role in development, though television exposure exceeds time spent in other activities, and viewing violence can impact how children view conflict resolution. Family stress like divorce, abuse, or neglect can also differently affect children based on their sex, age, and temperament.
Family
This document discusses families and marriages. It outlines the main functions of families as regulating sexual activity, procreation, economics security, emotional support, and social class placement. It also describes different types of marriages and families that exist across societies, such as nuclear vs extended families and monogamy vs polygamy. Finally, it examines common myths about families and outlines three perspectives on family values.
Sustainable fisheries policy and coastal resources management
The fisheries industry of Pakistan provides employment to over 300,000 fishermen and 400,000 ancillary workers. However, the 10,000 women working in fish processing plants face poor working conditions, low wages, and lack of basic facilities. They work long hours in unsanitary environments without proper safety equipment or healthcare. While the government is responsible for developing policies to support fisheries, it has not addressed the needs of female workers. Experts recommend fully implementing labor laws, raising awareness of women's rights, and establishing oversight committees to improve conditions for women in the industry.
Suggestions to government for improving livestock sector
The document discusses the livestock sector in Pakistan. It notes that the livestock sector contributes 11.6% to Pakistan's GDP and employs 35 million people. Pakistan has the 3rd largest herd size in the world, with cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goat populations all increasing significantly from 2000 to 2009. The document outlines several programs and policies needed to improve the productivity and marketing of livestock in Pakistan, such as distributing high milk yielding animals, improving veterinary services, establishing a better marketing system, and providing collateral-free credit to farmers.
Prezentation on pak energy
This document summarizes energy consumption and production trends in Pakistan from 2005-2006 to 2006-2007. Some key points:
- Energy consumption grew 3.0% in non-OECD countries like China and South Asia, and 1.0% in OECD countries. Hydropower grew 20.2% while natural gas and oil grew 50.4% and 28.4% respectively.
- From 1996-1997 to 2005-2006, petroleum product consumption fell 0.4% annually while natural gas, electricity and coal rose 7.8%, 5.1%, and 8.8% respectively.
- Several state-run energy companies like OGDCL and gas pipeline operators invested billions in
Livestock
Pakistan has a significant livestock industry that provides livelihoods for many rural and poor people. Milk and meat are major products, with Pakistan ranking 5th globally in milk production, relying primarily on buffalo and cattle. The livestock industry contributes 11.6% to Pakistan's GDP. While the national interest is in genetic improvement and developing feed resources, the sector faces challenges of bad management, disorganization, and improper collection and storage. India also has a large livestock industry, ranking 1st in milk production and having a more organized system of abattoirs and processing.
Land reform in pakistan
Land reform efforts in Pakistan since 1947 aimed to redistribute land from large landowners to small farmers and landless peasants. However, successive reforms in 1949, 1959, 1972, and 1977 largely failed due to inadequate implementation and legal challenges. The 1959 reforms resumed 2.5 million acres but distributed just 2.3 million acres. Later reforms benefited even fewer farmers. In 1989, Pakistan's Supreme Court ruled that certain aspects of land reforms, such as ceilings on land ownership, were un-Islamic. This ruling undermined future land redistribution efforts.
Trade & payment
Pakistan has been a member of the WTO since 1995. It follows strategies of both multilateralism and regionalism in trade. Multilateralism engages virtually all countries in trade reforms, while regionalism allows for trade reforms among smaller, more like-minded groups. Pakistan's economy has grown as a result of liberalization, with GDP growth over 7% annually and trade growing over 15% per year. However, Pakistan's current account deficit has widened to over $6 billion due to slower import growth but lackluster export performance, despite strong growth in remittances which are Pakistan's 3rd largest source of foreign exchange. Foreign reserves have increased but the rupee has depreciated slightly against the dollar and euro
Agriculture schemes
The document discusses population and agriculture statistics for Pakistan, noting that 65% of the total population lives in rural areas and 44.8% are directly involved in agriculture. It also outlines several agriculture loan schemes operated by the government, including the Sada Bahar Scheme which provides loans up to 500,000 Pakistani rupees per borrower at an interest rate of 12.5% annually. Comparisons are made between the agriculture sectors of Pakistan and India, noting that Pakistan has less production and infrastructure like tubewells and tractors compared to similar sized states in India.
Agriculture credit
This document discusses agriculture credit and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. It provides classifications and sources of agriculture credit, as well as current credit schemes. It also outlines problems faced by farmers and SMEs, including lack of financing, skilled labor, and marketing challenges. Additionally, it compares agriculture and credit systems between Pakistan and India.
Sme umt-ver1[1].0
SMEs are an important sector in Pakistan's economy, comprising over 90% of all private enterprises and contributing significantly to GDP, exports, and employment. However, SMEs face many challenges including a lack of access to financing. The document recommends that the government and banks improve access to financing for SMEs by establishing loan programs with lower interest rates and longer grace periods, as well as guarantee funds. It also suggests improving infrastructure, skills training, and reducing regulatory burdens to help SMEs in Pakistan overcome challenges and further contribute to the economy.
Sada bahar scheme (sbs)
The document describes several loan programs:
1) The Sada Bahar Scheme (SBS) offers loans up to Rs. 0.500 million per borrower at an interest rate of 12.5% annually with a 1% rebate for timely repayment. Borrowers can take the full loan amount at once or in increments.
2) The One Window Operation/Zarkhaiz Scheme provides loans up to Rs. 0.2 million at an interest rate of 12.5% annually with a 1% rebate for timely repayment.
3) Indian Bank agriculture loans range from 0% interest up to Rs. 100,000 to effective rates of 12.75-13.25% for
Money & credit (zohaib & zulfiqar)
This document discusses Pakistan's financial sector and monetary policy in 2006-2007. It includes:
- An overview of Pakistan's credit plan for 2006-2007 which projected 13.6% broad money expansion and was based on 7% GDP growth and 6.5% inflation targets.
- Analysis of growth in different sectors, finding lower private sector growth due to declines in commerce, textiles and rising business loans. Agriculture achieved less than its target.
- Discussion of transportation infrastructure developments and performance of rail, broadcasting, postal and telecommunication sectors, which saw significant expansion and investment.
- The telecom sector achieved strong growth and attracted $1.4 billion FDI, with cellular subscriptions reaching 40.
Pakistan infrastructure
The document discusses infrastructure in Pakistan and includes the following key points:
1. It lists five group members and provides definitions and background information on infrastructure, including that it is fundamental for a country's functioning and Pakistan loses 4-6% of GDP due to insufficient infrastructure.
2. It discusses issues in Pakistan's power sector such as capacity shortages, the need for private sector investment and PPP models, tariff and fuel supply issues, and the impact of subsidies.
3. It also briefly mentions issues in water and sanitation infrastructure as well as challenges with implementing PPP models and financing infrastructure development.
4. In conclusion, it states that investing in infrastructure can increase income, employment, productivity
Generalization and example
This document discusses different types of generalizations:
1) Universal generalizations claim that all members of a group share certain attributes, while statistical generalizations claim that a portion of a group shares an attribute. Contingent generalizations are based on specific conditions.
2) Inductive generalizations make broader inferences based on examples or samples, while deductive generalizations apply general rules to specific cases.
Generalize
The document discusses generalizations and how to identify valid versus faulty generalizations. It provides examples of pairs of generalizations and asks the reader to identify which statement in each pair is a valid generalization based on logic and the number of examples supporting the statement. Valid generalizations tend to use words like "usually" or "often" and are supported by evidence, while faulty generalizations overgeneralize or are not supported.
Generalizations concepts
Facts are specific pieces of information that can be used to develop broader concepts and categories, while concepts organize facts into groups with common qualities. Generalizations are descriptive statements that connect two or more concepts and are built from an understanding of relevant facts. Together, facts provide the building blocks for conceptual knowledge and generalizations demonstrate relationships between concepts.
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Sustainable fisheries policy and coastal resources management
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Comparative eco system
- 2. ( The Green Gold)
- 3. !
- 4. TOTAL AREA COVERAGE FORESTS IN PAKISTAN CURRENT AREA According to Govt 2005 is 4.7% of the total area of Pakistan. LATEST CURRENT AREA Current is 4.8% of land area of total area of Pakistan .
- 5. Map showing Forest area of Pakistan
- 6. AREA DIVIDE INTO 3 CATEGORY 1. NATURAL FOREST AREA It is approximately 3% . 2 .PLANTATION AREA It is approximately 20%. 3 .DRYLAND AREA It is approximately 29% .
- 7. Turning the corner on how progress is perceived in forests? Many poor countries possess natural capital in their farms , forest and ecosystem that can be a primary source of their prosperity. capitalizing on those while at the same time protecting or enhancing the environment is not mutually exclusive. ( world bank 2011)
- 8. Forests as renewable sources of energy The development of civilization has been powered by wood energy. Today wood is the most important single source of renewable energy. More than 2 billion people depend on wood energy. Wood fuel is not only a globally important source of renewable energy but also the most decentralized of energy in the world.
- 9. Benefits or uses of forests Forest cool air temperature by release of water vapor into the air. At day time trees generate oxygen and store carbon dioxide, which helps to clean air. Forest attracts wild life and offer food and protection to them
- 10. • Forests offer privacy, reduce light reflection , offer a sound barrier and help guide wind direction and speed. • Well managed forests supply higher quality water with less impurity than water from other resources. Nature maintains a balance between carbon dioxide & oxygen.
- 11. Factor responsible for the Growth of Forests in Pakistan: Factors responsible for the Growth of Forests in Pakistan Land Soil Climate Altitude Soil climate Altitude The mixture of sand and organic material, used to support plant growth. A product soil differs from the material from which it is derived in many physical , chemical and biological properties and characteristics.
- 12. THANK U