A microgrid is a small-scale power supply network that enables local power generation and distribution for a small community. It comprises multiple small power sources, allowing flexibility and efficiency. Microgrids can operate connected to or independent of the main utility grid. DC microgrids in particular are simpler to control and interface with renewable energy sources. They provide high reliability and efficiency. Microgrids can reduce transmission losses and emissions while providing reliable power to critical loads. Future trends include making microgrids more intelligent and robust through controls and ability to seamlessly transition between grid-connected and island modes.

1. DC MICROGRID

2. Introduction To Microgrid
⚫What is Microgrid?
⚫It is a small-scale power supply network that is designed
to provide power for a small community.
⚫It enables local power generation for local loads.
⚫It comprises of various small power generating sources
that makes it highly flexible and efficient

3. Introduction To Microgrid
⚫What is Microgrid?
⚫It is connected to both the local generating units and the
utility grid thus preventing power outages.
⚫Excess power can be sold to the utility grid.
⚫Size of the Microgrid may range from housing estate to
municipal regions.

4. Typical Microgrid is
shown below:

5. The Need Of Microgrid
⚫Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.
⚫Transmission losses gets highly reduced.
⚫Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts emissions
without major changes to lifestyles.
⚫Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to
critical loads

6. Advantages & Disadvantages
⚫Microgrid Advantages
⚫The use of both electricity and heat permitted by the close
proximity of the generator to the user, thereby increasing
the overall energy efficiency.
⚫Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs to its
users by generating some or all of its electricity needs.

7. Advantages & Disadvantages
⚫Microgrid Disadvantages
⚫ Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main parameters
that must be considered and controlled to acceptable standards
whilst the power and energy balance is maintained.
⚫ Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus
requiring more space and maintenance.
⚫ Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.

8. DC Microgrid
• DC Microgrids are high reliability and efficiency, simpler control
and natural interface with renewable energy sources
(RESs),Electronic loads and Energy storage system(ESSs).
• DC Distribution network is well as compared to AC Distribution
network system. So DC system operated autonomously or connected
to AC utility mains.
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9. D
CM
GSYSTEM O
V
E
R
V
I
E
W
1.Single-bus Topology
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10. D
C MGs bus through dedicatedconverter.
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2.Multi-bus Topology
• Higher availability and reliability.
• Location of intervention is on the load side where critical load
automatically select the bus to be supplied from based on
higher voltage.
• MGs able to inject or absorb power from its neighboring MGs
in case of shortage or surplus of power.

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SST Enabled DC MG
• Low voltage DC distribution systems can be interfaced to
medium voltage AC utility mains through SST.

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3.Reconfigurable Topology-
• Each nodes are controlled by intelligent electronic
devices(IEDs)
• High reliability and redundant operation.
• Load connected to the common DC bus can be fed bi-
directionally, alternating path is provided ring bus in case of
fault.

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Multi-terminal DC MG-
• MTDC architecture was originally for HVDC systems. e.g off
shore wind farms.
• DC distribution network is fed by multiple input terminals.system
usually mesh configuration.
• More flexible.

15. Application of D
C M
G
s
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1.High efficiency Households
2.Renewable Energy Parks.
3.Hybrid Energy storage systems.
4.Electric vehicle fast charging stations

16. Controlling techniques in DC microgride
•Linear control
•Non–linear control
•Active control
•Passive control

17. Conclusion and Future trends-
• Transformation of Microgrids system today into the intelligent,
robust energy delivery system in the future by providing
significant reliability and security benefits.
• Transition between grid connected and islanded modes on
interaction phenomena between distribution generation and high
penetration of distributed generation.
• To investigate full-scale development, field demonstration,
experimental performance evaluation of frequency and voltage
control methods under various operation modes.
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18. References
• Tomislav Dragicevic, Member, IEEE, Xiaonan Lu, Member,
IEEE, Juan C. Vasquez, Senior Member, IEEE and Josep M.
Guerrero, Fellow, IEEE
• Web sources
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