The document presents an overview of databases and computer networks, detailing their types, advantages, and disadvantages. Key database types include relational, hierarchical, and operational databases, while computer networks range from personal to wide area networks. The importance of databases and networks in managing and sharing information efficiently is emphasized.

1. Database and Network

2. Group No. 13
M. Faisal
Dilawar Hussain
Presented To:
Mr. Mehmood Ul Hassan

3. Contents
 Introduction to Databases
 Types of Database
 Advantages of Databases
 Disadvantages of Databases
 Introduction to Computer Network
 Types of Computer Network
 Advantages of Databases
 Disadvantages of Databases
 Applications of Computer Network

4. Databases

5. Database
 A database is a collection of organized:
 Data
 Information
 Records
 Database management systems are designed as the
means of managing all the records

6. Purpose of a Database
 Database is information that a person needs in his,
 Personal
 Business
 Social
 Religious life
 The power and purpose of information is not only in collecting
and finding them but more importantly in using them.

7. TYPES OF DATABASE
 Relational database
 Document oriented database
 Embedded database
 Graph database
 Hypertext database
 Operational database
 Distributed database
 Flat file

8. Flat File Database
 Simple database system that stores record in a plain text file that
have no structured relationships between each record.
 Store all data in one large table.
 The different fields in a record are separated by delimiters, such as
vertical bar “|” or a comma “,” or a semi-colon “;”.
 Data stored in it are searchable by using keywords or phrases.

9.  More advanced and efficient type of database which can store
very large amount of data in a set of tables that are linked together.
 Data in a single table represents a relations.
 Tables consist of rows and columns.
 The columns constitute the attributes.
 The rows constitute tuples.
Relational Database

10. Operational Database
 An operational database contains data about the things that go on
inside an organization or enterprise.
 Example: Data on customer complaints, employee information,
etc.

11. Distributed Database
 It is a database in which portions of the database are stored on
multiple computers within a network.
 Updates and deletes performed on the data at one location will be
automatically reflected in the data stored elsewhere.

12. Hierarchical Database
 Type of database where data are organized in a tree structure that
links a number of different elements to one "parent," primary
record.
 All attributes of a specific record are listed under an entity type
(parent).
 An entity type is the equivalent of a table.
 Each individual record is represented as a row and an attribute as
a column.
 Entity types are related to each other using one-to-many
relationship.

13. For example:
we can use the hierarchical schema for part of the COMPANY
database.
Cont.…

14. Advantages of Databases
 Store and retrieve large quantities of information
 Enable information sharing
 Promote data integrity
 Allow for flexible use of data
Disadvantages of Databases
 Complex to construct
 Time consuming
 Expensive
 Privacy concerns

15. Computer Networks

16. INTRODUCTION
 A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or
more computers.
 It is done to enable the computers to communicate and share
available resources.
 The physical connection between networked computing devices is
established using
 Cable media
 Wireless media.
 The best-known computer network is the internet.

17. Types of Network
 Based on the size and the coverage area, networks are categorized
into the following types:
 Personal Area Networks (PANs)
 Local Area Networks (LANs)
 Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)
 Wide Area Networks (WANs)

18. Personal Area Networks (PANs)
 A computer network used for communication among computer
and different information technological devices close to one
person.
 Is a small network established for communication between
different devices, such as laptops, computers and mobiles.

19. Cont.…
 A pan may include wired and wireless devices.
 The reach of a pan typically extends to 10 meters.

20. Local Area Networks (LANs)
 A network that connects computers and
devices in a limited geographical area
such as a home, school or office building.
 Each computer or device on the network is a node.
 Wired LANs are most likely based on Ethernet technology.

21. Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)
 It is relatively larger than LAN and extends across a city or a
metropolitan.
 It is created by connecting two or more LANs located at different
locations in a city.

22. Wide Area Networks (WANs)
 A computer network that covers a large geographic area such as a
city, country, or spans even intercontinental distances.
 A WAN uses a communications channel that combines many
types of media such as telephone lines, cables, and air waves.

23.  Increased speed
 Reduced cost
 Improved security
 Centralized software managements
 Electronic mail
 Flexible access
Advantages Of Computer Network

24.  High cost of installation
 Requires time for administration
 Failure of server
 Cable faults
 Requires technical staff
 Increased risk of hacking
Disadvantages Of Computer Network

25. Applications of Computer Network
 Sharing of resources such as printers
 Sharing of expensive software's and database
 Communication from one computer to another computer
 Exchange of data and information among users via network
 Sharing of information over geographically wide areas.

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