Python software development provides ease of programming to the developers and gives quick results for any kind of projects. Suma Soft is an expert company providing complete Python software development services for small, mid and big level companies. It holds an expertise for 19 years and is backed up by a strong patronage. To know more- https://www.sumasoft.com/python-software-development
Python software development provides ease of programming to the developers and gives quick results for any kind of projects. Suma Soft is an expert company providing complete Python software development services for small, mid and big level companies. It holds an expertise for 19 years and is backed up by a strong patronage. To know more- https://www.sumasoft.com/python-software-development
Data Cleaning and Preprocessing: Ensuring Data Qualitypriyanka rajput
data cleaning and preprocessing are foundational steps in the data science and machine learning pipelines. Neglecting these crucial steps can lead to inaccurate results, biased models, and erroneous conclusions. By investing time and effort in /data cleaning and preprocessing, data scientists and analysts ensure that their analyses and models are built on a solid foundation of high-quality data.
Exploratory Data Analysis - A Comprehensive Guide to EDA.pdfJamieDornan2
Exploratory Data Analysis is a method of examining and understanding data using multiple techniques like visualization, summary statistics and data transformation to abstract its core characteristics. EDA is done to get a sense of data and discover any potential problems or issues which need to be addressed and is generally performed before formal modeling or hypothesis testing.
Exploratory Data Analysis - A Comprehensive Guide to EDA.pdfStephenAmell4
Exploratory Data Analysis is a method of examining and understanding data using multiple techniques like visualization, summary statistics and data transformation to abstract its core characteristics. EDA is done to get a sense of data and discover any potential problems or issues which need to be addressed and is generally performed before formal modeling or hypothesis testing.
Exploratory Data Analysis - A Comprehensive Guide to EDA.pdfJamieDornan2
EDA or Exploratory Data Analysis is a method of examining and understanding data using multiple techniques like visualization, summary statistics and data transformation to abstract its core characteristics. EDA is done to get a sense of data and discover any potential problems or issues which need to be addressed and is generally performed before formal modeling or hypothesis testing.
Machine Learning Approaches and its Challengesijcnes
Real world data sets considerably is not in a proper manner. They may lead to have incomplete or missing values. Identifying a missed attributes is a challenging task. To impute the missing data, data preprocessing has to be done. Data preprocessing is a data mining process to cleanse the data. Handling missing data is a crucial part in any data mining techniques. Major industries and many real time applications hardly worried about their data. Because loss of data leads the company growth goes down. For example, health care industry has many datas about the patient details. To diagnose the particular patient we need an exact data. If these exist missing attribute values means it is very difficult to retain the datas. Considering the drawback of missing values in the data mining process, many techniques and algorithms were implemented and many of them not so efficient. This paper tends to elaborate the various techniques and machine learning approaches in handling missing attribute values and made a comparative analysis to identify the efficient method.
This slide describe all the necessary topic on Data-Mining. Even this covered all the important Questions on Data Mining in Graduation Level. Basically it covers the actual 2 and 4 marks questions along with the answers that you will need after.
Data Science - Part III - EDA & Model SelectionDerek Kane
This lecture introduces the concept of EDA, understanding, and working with data for machine learning and predictive analysis. The lecture is designed for anyone who wants to understand how to work with data and does not get into the mathematics. We will discuss how to utilize summary statistics, diagnostic plots, data transformations, variable selection techniques including principal component analysis, and finally get into the concept of model selection.
Effective data analysis relies on clean and accurate data. Data cleaning, a crucial step, involves identifying and rectifying errors, inconsistencies, and inaccuracies within datasets.
Data Cleaning and Preprocessing: Ensuring Data Qualitypriyanka rajput
data cleaning and preprocessing are foundational steps in the data science and machine learning pipelines. Neglecting these crucial steps can lead to inaccurate results, biased models, and erroneous conclusions. By investing time and effort in /data cleaning and preprocessing, data scientists and analysts ensure that their analyses and models are built on a solid foundation of high-quality data.
Exploratory Data Analysis - A Comprehensive Guide to EDA.pdfJamieDornan2
Exploratory Data Analysis is a method of examining and understanding data using multiple techniques like visualization, summary statistics and data transformation to abstract its core characteristics. EDA is done to get a sense of data and discover any potential problems or issues which need to be addressed and is generally performed before formal modeling or hypothesis testing.
Exploratory Data Analysis - A Comprehensive Guide to EDA.pdfStephenAmell4
Exploratory Data Analysis is a method of examining and understanding data using multiple techniques like visualization, summary statistics and data transformation to abstract its core characteristics. EDA is done to get a sense of data and discover any potential problems or issues which need to be addressed and is generally performed before formal modeling or hypothesis testing.
Exploratory Data Analysis - A Comprehensive Guide to EDA.pdfJamieDornan2
EDA or Exploratory Data Analysis is a method of examining and understanding data using multiple techniques like visualization, summary statistics and data transformation to abstract its core characteristics. EDA is done to get a sense of data and discover any potential problems or issues which need to be addressed and is generally performed before formal modeling or hypothesis testing.
Machine Learning Approaches and its Challengesijcnes
Real world data sets considerably is not in a proper manner. They may lead to have incomplete or missing values. Identifying a missed attributes is a challenging task. To impute the missing data, data preprocessing has to be done. Data preprocessing is a data mining process to cleanse the data. Handling missing data is a crucial part in any data mining techniques. Major industries and many real time applications hardly worried about their data. Because loss of data leads the company growth goes down. For example, health care industry has many datas about the patient details. To diagnose the particular patient we need an exact data. If these exist missing attribute values means it is very difficult to retain the datas. Considering the drawback of missing values in the data mining process, many techniques and algorithms were implemented and many of them not so efficient. This paper tends to elaborate the various techniques and machine learning approaches in handling missing attribute values and made a comparative analysis to identify the efficient method.
This slide describe all the necessary topic on Data-Mining. Even this covered all the important Questions on Data Mining in Graduation Level. Basically it covers the actual 2 and 4 marks questions along with the answers that you will need after.
Data Science - Part III - EDA & Model SelectionDerek Kane
This lecture introduces the concept of EDA, understanding, and working with data for machine learning and predictive analysis. The lecture is designed for anyone who wants to understand how to work with data and does not get into the mathematics. We will discuss how to utilize summary statistics, diagnostic plots, data transformations, variable selection techniques including principal component analysis, and finally get into the concept of model selection.
Effective data analysis relies on clean and accurate data. Data cleaning, a crucial step, involves identifying and rectifying errors, inconsistencies, and inaccuracies within datasets.
Similar to Data Science- Data Preprocessing, Data Cleaning. (20)
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir.pptxDenish Jangid
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir
Types of SWM
Liquid wastes
Gaseous wastes
Solid wastes.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE:
Based on their sources of origin
Based on physical nature
SYSTEMS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF THE SOLID WASTE:
OPEN DUMPS:
LANDFILLS:
Sanitary landfills
COMPOSTING
Different stages of composting
VERMICOMPOSTING:
Vermicomposting process:
Encapsulation:
Incineration
MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE:
Refuse
Reuse
Recycle
Reduce
FACTORS AFFECTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. Data Preprocessing
Data Preprocessing can be defined as a process of converting raw data
into a format that is understandable and usable for further analysis. It
is an important step in the Data Preparation stage. It ensures that the
outcome of the analysis is accurate, complete, and consistent.
Data preprocessing refers to the cleaning, transforming and integrating
of data to make it ready for analysis.
4. Data Cleaning
Data cleaning involves the systematic identification and correction of errors,
inconsistencies, and inaccuracies within a dataset, encompassing tasks such
as handling missing values, removing duplicates, and addressing outliers.
Data cleaning is essential because raw data is often noisy, incomplete, and
inconsistent, which can negatively impact the accuracy and reliability of the
insights derived from it.
5. Handling Missing Values
Missing values can be handled by many techniques, such as removing
rows/columns containing NULL values and imputing NULL values using mean,
mode etc.
There are several useful functions for detecting, removing, and replacing null
values in Pandas DataFrame :
• isnull()
• notnull()
• dropna()
• fillna()
• replace()
• Interpolate()
Both function help in checking
whether a value is NaN or not
To fill null values in a datasets, we use fillna(), replace() and interpolate() function
these function replace NaN values with some value of their own.
Interpolate() function is basically used to fill NA values in the dataframe but it
uses various interpolation technique to fill the missing values rather than hard-
coding the value.
6. Outliers
Outliers are data points that are stand out from the rest. It can be either
much higher or much lower than the other data points, and its presence can
have a significant impact on the results of machine learning algorithms.
They are unusual values that don’t follow the overall pattern of our data.
They represent errors in measurement, bad data collection, or simply show
variables not considered when collecting the data.
For example, in a group of 5 students the test grades were 29, 38, 39, 27, and
2. The last value seems to be an outlier because it falls below the main pattern of
the other grades.
27 - mean (with outlier)
33.25 - mean (without outlier)
7. Handling Outliers
1. Removal:
This involves identifying and removing outliers from the dataset before
training the model. Common methods include:
• Thresholding: Outliers are identified as data points exceeding a certain
threshold (e.g., Z-score > 3).
• Distance-based methods: Outliers are identified based on their
distance from their nearest neighbors.
• Clustering: Outliers are identified as points not belonging to any
cluster or belonging to very small clusters.
8. Handling Outliers
2. Transformation
This involves transforming the data to reduce the influence of
outliers. Common methods include:
• Scaling: Standardizing or normalizing the data to have a mean of zero
and a standard deviation of one.
• Winsorization: Replacing outlier values with the nearest non-outlier
value.
• Log transformation: Applying a logarithmic transformation to
compress the data and reduce the impact of extreme values.
9. Handling Outliers
3. Robust Estimation
This involves using algorithms that are less sensitive to outliers. Some
examples include:
• Robust Statistics: Choose statistical methods less influenced by
outliers like median, mode and interquartile range instead of mean and
standard deviation.
• Outlier-insensitive clustering algorithms: Algorithms like DBSCAN
are less susceptible to the presence of outliers than K-means
clustering.
10. Handling Outliers
4. Modeling Outliers
This involves explicitly modeling the outliers as a separate group. This can
be done by:
• Adding a separate feature: Create a new feature indicating whether a
data point is an outlier or not.
• Using a mixture model: Train a model that assumes the data comes
from a mixture of multiple distributions, where one distribution
represents the outliers.
11. Handling Outliers
5. Visualization for Outlier Detection
We can use the box plot, or the box and whisker plot, to explore the dataset
and visualize the presence of outliers. The points that lie beyond the
whiskers are detected as outliers.
6. Impute Outliers
For outliers caused by missing or erroneous values, we can estimate
replacements using the mean, median, mode or more advanced imputation
methods.
12. Duplicates
Data points in a dataset that have the same values for all, or part of the
characteristics are said to have duplicate values. Due to problems with
data input, data collecting, or other circumstances, duplicate values
may appear.
These duplicate values add redundancy to our data and can make our
calculations go wrong.
13. Handling Duplicates
Duplicates can be handled in a variety of ways
The simplest and most straightforward way to handle duplicate data is to
delete it. This can reduce the noise and redundancy in our data, as well as
improve the efficiency and accuracy of our models.
For example, we can use the df.drop_duplicates() method in pandas to
remove duplicate rows or columns, specifying the subset, keep, and inplace
arguments.
In SQL we can use DISTINCT keyword in SELECT statement.