This document discusses data management and presentation. It begins by defining data as a collection of facts such as values or measurements. The document then discusses different types of data including numerical, categorical, qualitative, and quantitative data. Various methods of collecting and presenting data are also outlined, including tables, graphs, charts, and different types of each. The document provides examples and discusses how to interpret data findings by relating them to objectives and real-life contexts.

1. DATA MANAGEMENT AND
PRESENTATION.
Presented By:
Mian Muhammad Syed Hassan Iqbal.
Naveed Iqbal.
Yaser Ud-din.
Faisal Zahir.
Mehboob Ali.
Aftab Ahmad.
Royal College Of Nursing (SSSS).

2. OBJECTIVES:
 By the end of presentation the students will be able to:
 Define the term data ?? ??
 Discuss the types of data and various methods of data
collection ?? ??
 Discuss the different means and interpretation of data
presentation through:
Tables ?? ??
Graphs ?? ??
Charts ?? ??
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3. “DATA”
 Data is a collection of facts, such as values or measurements.
 It can Be:
o Numbers, words, measurements, observations or even just
descriptions of things.
 Simply data is information.
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4. TYPES OF DATA :
DATA
Numerical.
(Quantitative)
DISCRETE CONTINOUS
Categorically.
(Qualitative)
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5. QUALITATIVE vs. QUANTITATIVE:
 Data can be qualitative or quantitative.
• Qualitative data is descriptive information.
(It describes something).
• Quantitative data is numerical information.
(Numbers).
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6. CONT. . .
1. Qualitative Data. 2. Quantitative Data
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 OVERVIEW:
 Deals with descriptions.
 Data can be observed but
measured.
 Colors, textures, smells, tastes,
Appearance, beauty etc.
 Qualitative Quality
 OVERVIEW:
 Deals with numbers.
 Data which can be measured.
 Length, height, area, weight,
temperature, speed, time, ages,
members, etc.
 Quantitative. Quantity

7. QUANTITATIVE DATA CAN ALSO BE:
 Discrete or Continuous.
 Discrete data can only takes certain values.
(Like whole numbers).
 Continuous data can take any value.
(Within a range).
a) Discrete data is counted.
b) Continuous data is measured.
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8. EXAMPLE:
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 What do we know about the tiger?? ??
1. Qualitative:
• He is brown & black.
• He has long hairs.
• He has lot of energy.

9. EXAMPLE:
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2) Quantitative:
a) Discrete:
 He has 4 legs.
 He has 2 brothers.
b) Continuous:
 He weighs 400 pound.
 He is 3.5 feet tall.

10. ANOTHER TYPES OF DATA :
SPATIAL DATA. DEFINITIVE DATA.
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 Which is normally presented
on maps and plans and
provides an indication of
where things are.
 Usually provide in the form
of a drawing, which define a
particular item and the way
in which it has been or is to
be build.

11. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION:
OBSTRUCTIVE UNOBSTRUCTIVE
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 Obtrusive data collection
methods that directly obtain
information from those
being evaluated e.g.
interviews, surveys, focus
groups, observation, case
study, questionnaires.
Unobtrusive data
collection methods that do
not collect information
directly from evaluees.
e.g. : Document analysis,
observation at a distance.

12. DATA COLLECTION TOOLS:
 Participatory Methods.
 Records and Secondary Data.
 Observation.
 Surveys and Interviews.
 Focus Groups.
 Diaries, Journals, Self-reported Checklists.
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13. CONT. . .
 Expert Judgment.
 Delphi Technique.
 Other Tools.
-scales (weight).
- tape measure.
- stop watches.
- chemical tests :
i.e. quality of water.
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- health testing tools:
i.e. blood pressure.
-citizen report cards.

14. DATA PRESENTATIONS:
1. TABLES.
2. GRAPH.
3. CHART.
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15. DATA PRESENTATIONS:
 Tables:
◦ Simplest way to summarize data.
◦ Data are presented as absolute numbers or percentages.
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16.  Adults and children with HIV/AIDS by region in Country Y,
end year X:
EXAMPLE: TABLE.
Region Adults and adolescents ≥ 15 years Children <15 years Total
1 14 800 200 15 000
2 400 000 20 000 420 000
3 997 000 3 000 1 000 000
4 985 000 15 000 1 000 000
5 1 460 000 40 000 1 500 000
6 465 000 35 000 500 000
7 940 000 10 000 950 000
8 380 000 220 000 600 000
9 900 000 600 000 1 500 000
10 545 000 5 000 550 000
Total 7 086 800 948 200 8 035 000
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17. CHARTS AND GRAPS:
 Charts and graphs:
◦ Visual representation of data.
◦ Data are presented as absolute numbers or percentages
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18. CONT. . .
 GRAPHS:
 Graphs Make Data Easier to Understand.
 Below is data without a graph. World wide disease ratio.
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ANIMALS. QUANTITY.
HIV/AIDS 65
CERVICAL CANCER. 28
DIABETES MELLITUS. 70
LUNG CANCER. 33

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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
HIV/AIDS CERVICAL CANCER DIABETES
MELLITUS
LUNG CANCER
LUNG CANCER
DIABETES MELLITUS
CERVICAL CANCER
HIV/AIDS
COLOUMN GRAPH:

20. BAR GRAPH:
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
HIV/AIDS
CERVICAL CANCER
DIABETES MELLITUS
LUNG CANCER
LUNG CANCER
DIABETES MELLITUS
CERVICAL CANCER
HIV/AIDS

21. LINE GRAPH:
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
HIV/AIDS CERVICAL CANCER DIABETES MELLITUS LUNG CANCER
LUNG CANCER
DIABETES MELLITUS
CERVICAL CANCER
HIV/AIDS

22. PIE CHARTS:
 A circular (360 degree) graphic representation
 Compares subclasses or categories to the whole class or
category using differently coloured or patterned segments.
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24. DATA INTERPRETATION:
1. It involves 2 terms:
• ‘Results’ – presentation of data/findings
(statistics).
• ‘Discussion’ – interpretation of data/findings.
2. Things to consider when interpreting your data:
• Interpret findings based on the purpose and
objectives of your study.
• Relate the findings to real life context.
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25. CONT. . .
• Use persuasive language to convince your readers.
• To see the research from your point of view.
• Order your interpretation to highlight the most
important findings.
• Include limitations to your research.
• Use simple, clear language.
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