1. The document discusses methodologies for collecting data on inland fisheries in India. It outlines the types of data collected, including on fish biology, the fishery, and the environment.
2. It describes the timing and locations of data collection, including at markets, landing centers, and fishing villages. Frame surveys and regular surveys are used to monitor changes.
3. The development of data collection methods in India is summarized, from initial pilot investigations in the 1950s to the establishment of standardized methodology by CIFRI in the 1990s. Water bodies are classified into three groups for stratified sampling approaches.
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
Virtual population analysis (VPA) is a cohort modeling technique commonly used in fisheries science for reconstructing historical fish numbers at age using information on death of individuals each year. This death is usually partitioned into catch by fisheries and natural mortality. VPA is virtual in the sense that the population size is not observed or …
This presentation shows as to how marine fisheries statistical system has evolved over the years and describes the present status, issues, challenges and constraints and also proposed approach and institutional role.
Nursery Pond Management
Objectives:
To obtain required amount of desirable species at desired time at desired price all the year round.
After completing these stages of management the nursery pond is prepared for rearing fry and fingerlings.
The next stage is to select culturable species for stocking in the prepared pond and other management.
If we prepare a good nursery pond we will get a good production .
fish population dynamics, Population structureDegonto Islam
Estimation of fish population dynamics are often based on age structures. Understanding past
population structure is of interest to evolutionary biologists because it can reveal when migration
regimes changed in natural populations, thereby pointing to potential environmental factors such as
climate changes as driving evolutionary forces. Characterizing the structure of extent populations is also
key to conservation genetics as translocation or reintroduction decisions must preserve evolutionary
stable units. Finally, population structure has important biomedical consequences either when a number
of subpopulation groups is locally adapted to particular environmental conditions (and maladapted
when exposed to new environments) or represents a confounding factor in the study of the statistical
association between genetic variants and phenotyp
Trawl nets and bottom seines possess an initial selectiveness owing to their particular design and mode of operation. A mesh size limitation would vary considerably in effect from one type of trawl net to another. It is important therefore to consider gear selectivity and performance before we begin to think of mesh sizes and their effect.
Take a herring vinge trawl for example and two other bottom other trawls like the granton trawl and the shrimp trawl. All use otter boards, all are on the sea bed throughout the duration of the tow and all have the same basic structure of wings, square, bellies, bag and cod end. But their performances differ as much as those of a racing car, a truck and a tractor. All three nets could be fishing in the same area, yet the vinge trawl might take only herring, the granton trawl only demersal fish and the shrimp trawl primarily shrimp or prawn. Mesh size has little to do with this species selection. It is a function of other aspects of gear performance - speed of tow, headline height, ground contact, flow of water through the body of the net, otter door spread, length of ground-cables, and so on. The vinge trawl would have the smallest mesh in the cod end, yet it would take no cod, haddock or shrimp. The shrimp or prawn trawl would have a smaller mesh than the granton trawl yet it would capture only a small proportion of the bigger fish the granton trawl would take. To imagine that in these cases the size of mesh controls the size of fish caught would be as simplistic as to think that the respective speeds of the racing car, truck and tractor were determined by the size of their wheels.
In contrast to the trawls designed to capture one species or group of species, there are the multi-species trawls or combination trawls which take a great variety of fish. The North Sea prawn and fish trawl is a combination net designed to capture Nephrops norvegicus or Norway prawns, plus demersal fish like cod, haddock, skate, monks, plaice and lemon sole. Most bottom trawls in the tropics and sub-tropics are multi-species trawls taking fish which vary greatly from each other in size and shape. There is no common selectivity factor and no common minimum size or length for the various species. For these fisheries, a mesh regulation is at best an inadequate means of reducing juvenile mortality. It can be aimed only at the smallest of the main commercial species.
Developing Participatory Fisher Surveys to Monitor Fish Catch in the Mekong R...FISHBIO
Over 60 million people depend on fish from the Mekong and its tributaries for protein, and many engage in small-scale subsistence or commercial fishing. Accessible information on small-scale Mekong fisheries is essential to developing better estimates of the scope and scale of inland fisheries and understanding their contribution to the economy and food security. FISHBIO has been developing a participatory standard fish sampling program as part of a larger effort by several organizations to form a Mekong Fish Network among several organizations. The objective of the program is the regular, long-term collection of basic fishery-dependent data following robust, standardized methods, which will provide information on status and trends of Mekong fishes. Using participatory methods also engages local in data collection and enhances their capacity to enact conservation and sustainable fisheries co-management. Information generated from this monitoring will inform resource management through village-level regulations. In 2013, FISHBIO piloted the proposed sampling protocols in two villages of Lao People’s Democratic Republic in a district where there are no existing government programs to study wild capture fisheries. Local fishers were trained to record basic data on their catch each day they spent fishing, such as species name, fish length, total biomass, gear type and fishing effort. Fishers caught more than 54 species in the three-month period, including two species of commercially valuable fish listed as “endangered” on the IUCN Red List, Probarbus jullieni and Probarbus labeamajor. We are currently evaluating the survey protocols to explore their application to other settings in the Mekong Basin
Fish Stock Assessment in the Philippines. Chapter 1GinaGallano
A stock assessment is the process of collecting, analyzing, and reporting demographic information to determine changes in the abundance of fishery stocks in response to fishing and, to the extent possible, predict future trends of stock abundance.
Virtual population analysis (VPA) is a cohort modeling technique commonly used in fisheries science for reconstructing historical fish numbers at age using information on death of individuals each year. This death is usually partitioned into catch by fisheries and natural mortality. VPA is virtual in the sense that the population size is not observed or …
This presentation shows as to how marine fisheries statistical system has evolved over the years and describes the present status, issues, challenges and constraints and also proposed approach and institutional role.
Nursery Pond Management
Objectives:
To obtain required amount of desirable species at desired time at desired price all the year round.
After completing these stages of management the nursery pond is prepared for rearing fry and fingerlings.
The next stage is to select culturable species for stocking in the prepared pond and other management.
If we prepare a good nursery pond we will get a good production .
fish population dynamics, Population structureDegonto Islam
Estimation of fish population dynamics are often based on age structures. Understanding past
population structure is of interest to evolutionary biologists because it can reveal when migration
regimes changed in natural populations, thereby pointing to potential environmental factors such as
climate changes as driving evolutionary forces. Characterizing the structure of extent populations is also
key to conservation genetics as translocation or reintroduction decisions must preserve evolutionary
stable units. Finally, population structure has important biomedical consequences either when a number
of subpopulation groups is locally adapted to particular environmental conditions (and maladapted
when exposed to new environments) or represents a confounding factor in the study of the statistical
association between genetic variants and phenotyp
Trawl nets and bottom seines possess an initial selectiveness owing to their particular design and mode of operation. A mesh size limitation would vary considerably in effect from one type of trawl net to another. It is important therefore to consider gear selectivity and performance before we begin to think of mesh sizes and their effect.
Take a herring vinge trawl for example and two other bottom other trawls like the granton trawl and the shrimp trawl. All use otter boards, all are on the sea bed throughout the duration of the tow and all have the same basic structure of wings, square, bellies, bag and cod end. But their performances differ as much as those of a racing car, a truck and a tractor. All three nets could be fishing in the same area, yet the vinge trawl might take only herring, the granton trawl only demersal fish and the shrimp trawl primarily shrimp or prawn. Mesh size has little to do with this species selection. It is a function of other aspects of gear performance - speed of tow, headline height, ground contact, flow of water through the body of the net, otter door spread, length of ground-cables, and so on. The vinge trawl would have the smallest mesh in the cod end, yet it would take no cod, haddock or shrimp. The shrimp or prawn trawl would have a smaller mesh than the granton trawl yet it would capture only a small proportion of the bigger fish the granton trawl would take. To imagine that in these cases the size of mesh controls the size of fish caught would be as simplistic as to think that the respective speeds of the racing car, truck and tractor were determined by the size of their wheels.
In contrast to the trawls designed to capture one species or group of species, there are the multi-species trawls or combination trawls which take a great variety of fish. The North Sea prawn and fish trawl is a combination net designed to capture Nephrops norvegicus or Norway prawns, plus demersal fish like cod, haddock, skate, monks, plaice and lemon sole. Most bottom trawls in the tropics and sub-tropics are multi-species trawls taking fish which vary greatly from each other in size and shape. There is no common selectivity factor and no common minimum size or length for the various species. For these fisheries, a mesh regulation is at best an inadequate means of reducing juvenile mortality. It can be aimed only at the smallest of the main commercial species.
Developing Participatory Fisher Surveys to Monitor Fish Catch in the Mekong R...FISHBIO
Over 60 million people depend on fish from the Mekong and its tributaries for protein, and many engage in small-scale subsistence or commercial fishing. Accessible information on small-scale Mekong fisheries is essential to developing better estimates of the scope and scale of inland fisheries and understanding their contribution to the economy and food security. FISHBIO has been developing a participatory standard fish sampling program as part of a larger effort by several organizations to form a Mekong Fish Network among several organizations. The objective of the program is the regular, long-term collection of basic fishery-dependent data following robust, standardized methods, which will provide information on status and trends of Mekong fishes. Using participatory methods also engages local in data collection and enhances their capacity to enact conservation and sustainable fisheries co-management. Information generated from this monitoring will inform resource management through village-level regulations. In 2013, FISHBIO piloted the proposed sampling protocols in two villages of Lao People’s Democratic Republic in a district where there are no existing government programs to study wild capture fisheries. Local fishers were trained to record basic data on their catch each day they spent fishing, such as species name, fish length, total biomass, gear type and fishing effort. Fishers caught more than 54 species in the three-month period, including two species of commercially valuable fish listed as “endangered” on the IUCN Red List, Probarbus jullieni and Probarbus labeamajor. We are currently evaluating the survey protocols to explore their application to other settings in the Mekong Basin
Fish Stock Assessment in the Philippines. Chapter 1GinaGallano
A stock assessment is the process of collecting, analyzing, and reporting demographic information to determine changes in the abundance of fishery stocks in response to fishing and, to the extent possible, predict future trends of stock abundance.
ABSTRACT- Order siluriformes, Bagridae family of four number of catfish species provides information on the diets of
Mystus bleekeri, Mystus cavasius, Mystus tengara, Mystus vittatus in Lower Manair reservoir. The total of 1021 fish
species examined and their stomach content was analyzed. The frequency of occurrence and numerical methods were
employed in this study. In the numerical analysis, crustaceans and insect parts (85.91%) constituted the most important
diet of Mystus bleekeri followed by fish remains (78.40%), plant materials (69.01%), algae/ protozoan (64.79%), molluscs
(63.38%), detritus (56.81%) and sand grains (33.80%). The number of food items were enumerated for the crustaceans
and insect parts in Mystus bleekeri have been contained the maximum percentage (34.84%) of the content under
frequency of occurrence method followed by algae and protozoan with 20.76%, Molluscs with 18.37%, plant materials
with 15.60% and sand grains with 10.44%. The result of the analysis showed that Mystus cavasius, Mystus tengara,
Mystus vittatus fed on similar food items. These were mainly crustaceans, molluscans, fish remains and macrophytes.
Other food items include algae, detritus, sand grains. These four species are omnivorous and occupy the same ecological
niche.
Key-words- Cat fish, Food and feeding, Frequency, Numerical method
Fry production and its marketing system of North-West fisheries extension pro...AbdullaAlAsif1
In order to understand the present status of hatcheries, questionnaire interview and participatory rural appraisal tools were used in North-west Fisheries Extension Project (NFEP), Parbatipur during the period from July to December 2015. There are two hatcheries in NFEP, Parbatipur- a carp hatchery and a prawn hatchery. The production of spawn was around 611 kg in the year 2015. According to the target hatchery manager collected brood fish from rivers and other sources which he maintained in their brood stock ponds with proper management. The hatchery manager maintained proper age and weight of broods for spawning and followed the guideline of hatchery operation so that the quality of spawn and fry were good. It was found that the hatcheries produced fish seed of a variety of species such as Indian major carps, carpio, sarpunti, silver carp, grass carp, magur, shing as well as freshwater prawn. The hatchery production activities took place starting from February and continued up to September. The quantity of fish seed produce varied from 25 to 75 kg per hatching cycle depending on size and facilities of hatcheries. The price of fry in NFEP was being fixed by the hatchery manager. However, the price variation was seen due to seasonal variation, species and demand. The average price of fish seed was highest in monsoon and lowest in winter. A number of middlemen were involved in the fry marketing channel of NFEP at Parbatipur. They were responsible for increasing the price of fry at each stage of marketing channel.
Contribution of aquaculture on livelihood development of fish farmer at Noakh...AbdullaAlAsif1
The present study was conducted to assess the contribution of aquaculture on livelihood status of fish farmer at Noakhali sadar upazila. This research work was carried out during the period of February 2013 to July 2013. A total of 50 fish farmers were interviewed with a well-structured questionnaire. The survey revealed that average pond size was 0.48 ha with 40% of the farmers having ponds of single ownership, 20% having ponds of multiple-ownership, 30% having ponds of single lease and 10% having ponds of multiple leases. Poly culture of Indian major carps and exotic carps has been practiced by most of the farmers. Fish fingerlings were stocked from April to June and average stocking density was 12,370 fingerlings/ha. The average fish production cost was Tk 69,870/ha/yr. Although the living condition of the rural fish farmers were poor, livelihood outcomes were found positive and 88% of the farmers have improved their socioeconomic conditions through fish farming. The gross income and net profit were Tk. 1, 06,400 and Tk. 1, 00,000/ha/yr respectively. The average monthly income was in range of BDT 15,000-25,000. Their basic need like food, cloth, house, education and medical facility had changed after fish farming. The households have broadly improved their food consumption, family education, standards of living, purchasing power, choice and economic ability through fish farming. The constraints for sustainable pond fish farming in the areas were lack of technical knowledge of the farmers, disease of fishes, multiple ownership of the pond, higher production cost (mainly seeds and feed), insufficient supply of fry and fingerlings, lack of money and credit facilities and inadequate extension services. It is therefore essential to provide the necessary training facilities with institutional and organizational supports, credit facilities and extension services for sustainable fish production and livelihoods of rural fish farmers.
Post-harvest handling and quality loss of Indian major carps in the distribut...AbdullaAlAsif1
Post-harvest loss of mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus), catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and kalibaush (Labeo calbasu) in different distribution channel of Noakhali district, Bangladesh were observed during the month of January 2015 to April 2015. Sensory evaluation method was adopted in order to gather information about quality loss of fish and existing handling condition at different stakeholder level. The observed fish were fresh at fisherman level but as the day progress along with temperature variation fish started losing quality and most of their quality found lost at retailer level. Fisherman supplied fish to beparies at 5% quality loss, further 10%, 20% and 22% loss was observed through aratder, retailer and consumer respectively. DPs varied with the month basis, compared to January-February the DPs were higher in March-April which indicates that temperature rise cause more quality loss of fish. Most of the fishes crossed DP 3.0 at retailer level because of long term exposure to open air coupled with unhygienic condition of markets. Different sizes baskets were used for transportation of fish with or without icing. Live fishes were transported with water in gallon or drum and they could retain their shelf lifelong time than that of dead fish or fish with no icing condition. The unsold fishes were preserved in refrigerator and re-icing was adopted by 70% retailer. The ice ratio of fish: ice was 1:1 in March-April and 2:1 in January February. The more quality loss of fish the more ice was used. Bad handling practices due to transportation and in markets also caused quality deterioration of some fishes. Usually post-harvest loss of fish is not taken under the consideration which eventually because economic loss coupled with food insecurity but proper steps to reduce loss can compensate the post-harvest fish loss.
Status of polyculture Pangasius hypophthalmus with carps in Jhikargacha Upazi...AbdullaAlAsif1
The present study was conducted in Jhikargacha sub-district of Jessore district with the view to evaluating status of polyculture of Pangasius hypophthalmus with carps from July to December 2012. The mean age and experience of the respondents was 41.28±12.19 and 9.48±3.12 years respectively. Culture pond size was 0.41±0.21 ha (0.343 to 0.478 at 95% CL). 67.50% culture ponds were leased ponds and mean yearly lease value was 535364.70±468224.20 BDT/ha. All the ponds were rectangular in shape and perennial in nature. During preparation of pond, all the ponds were dried by draining out the water. Liming was done at 229.30±118.70 kg/ha (pre-stocking) and 250 kg/ha (post-stocking). Application rate of various fertilizers during post stocking management were recorded as- 155.12±79.10 kg/ha (cow dung); 158.27±79.85 kg/ha (urea); and 79.90±42.93 kg/ha (TSP). Five species of fishes were found to be stocked at the rate of 7377 individuals/ha including 93.10% P. hypophthalmus seeds and 6.90% other carps. Supplementary feeding was done daily and the application rates were 444.23±236.41 kg/ha (rice bran), 228.29±116.96 kg/ha (mustard oil cake), and 912.91±468.05 kg/ha (commercial pangus feeds, pellet). Average fish production was found 6672.84 kg/ha. All the fishes grown in the study area were marketed to fish landing centers and markets of three districts- Chuadanga (47.50%), Dhaka (30%) and Jessore (22.50%). The average cost-benefit ratio was 1:1.15. High mortality, low growth of seeds, and high input price were the major problems.
Bio-economic analysis of ESBN fishery of Kumira, the coastal area of Chittago...AbdullaAlAsif1
The present investigation was conducted from May to December 2005 at Kumira, the representative area of Chittagong coast for bio-socioeconomic analysis of ESBN fishery. In catch composition of Kumira, it was observed that finfish occupied 77.03 %, shrimp 19.82 % and crab 3.15 % and the average catch per boat per day were found 16.6 kg in Kumira. The highest total catch per boat per day (50 kg) was found in October at Kumira. The lowest catch was found (2 kg) in August at Kumira. The average total catch per landing center per month was found 14805 kg at Kumira. The average catch per fishermen per day was found 3.39 kg at Kumira and the average cost per boat per month was about 7,813 Tk in the study area. Average sale per month was found over 18,713 Tk in Kumira. During the month July and August most of the fishermen were engaged in Hilsa fishing with the Hilsa gill net resulting the total catch was with ESBN lowest in those months.
2012 08 The Work of the Devon and Severn Inshore Fisheries and Conservation A...SevernEstuary
Tamsyn Noble - Devon & Severn IFCA
The Work of the Devon and Severn Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority in the Severn
Tamsyn Noble is the recently appointed Senior Environment Officer for Devon and Severn Inshore Fisheries Authority (IFCA). Based in Bristol, Tamsyn is primarily responsible for the delivery of IFCA research objectives within the Severn area, having established survey programmes to assess the availability and use of sea fisheries resources, and habitats of conservation significance. Tamsyn graduated with a BSc (Hons) in Marine Biology and Coastal Ecology in 2005, before undertaking voluntary work in a variety of marine ecosystems, both in the UK and abroad. Following graduation from MSc Applied Ecology and Conservation in 2009, Tamsyn was recruited to the role of Marine Environmental Scientist in the offshore energy sector. During this period she worked both onshore and offshore to deliver environmental baseline and monitoring projects, and specialised in the assessment of Annex I habitats.
Devon and Severn Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority (D&S IFCA) was fully vested in 2011 under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009, to provide inshore fisheries and conservation management, with an increased focus on habitats and ecosystems. The district boundary of the IFCA, which previously encompassed only the Devon coastline to six nautical miles, was substantially increased to include the Severn Estuary and Inner Bristol Channel. Following establishment of a presence in the Severn area of the district, a programme of research activities has commenced, aiming to determine the extent of commercial and recreational use of its marine resources and habitats. This presentation will focus on the role of the IFCA within the Severn area, introducing key current and future research areas, and presenting preliminary data on recreational activities.
Similar to Data collection methods for inland fisheries (20)
Coastal aquaculture is having an adverse impact on the environment due to intensive shrimp culture. several other factors are also getting affected due to intensive coastal aquaculture.
Due to the ever-increasing population, surface water is not enough to meet all the demands and the dependence automatically goes to ground water that drastically leading to a constant depletion of ground water level causing the wells and tube wells to dry up. To enhance the availability of groundwater at specific places and times and utilize rainwater for sustainable development.
The harvesting of rainwater simply involves the collection of water from surfaces on which rain falls, and subsequently storing this water for later use. Normally water is collected from the roofs of buildings and stored in rainwater tanks.
Conservation strategies for LOKTAK lake ecosystemSWAGATIKA SAHOO
LOKTAK lake Largest freshwater lake in Northeast India.
Situated in Moirang town of Bishnupur District in the state of Manipur, India. Considering its ecological status and biodiversity values the lake was designated as a Ramsar site on 23rd March 1990, with the reference number 463. It is listed under the Montreux Record on 16th June 1993 which is a record of Ramsar sites ‘where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur by human activities and pollution.
The exponential decay model is a corer-stone of the theory of exploited fish stocks because in exploited fish stock numbers surviving end to decrease exponentially with time and age according to total mortality.
A fishing system is the combination of the observations and handling methods before, during, and after the catch. It is also referred to as an integrated fishing system. This system will be steered by computers being used to collect and evaluate data, and to apply fully automatic fishing methods combining searching, catching, and processing, so bringing the optimum of success. fishing with modern computerized systems is also a fishing system.
The system also includes all the navigation required to bring the vessel and gear into the best position in relation to the prey desired to be caught. Computers will calculate the right time to shoot the gear, in order to control the catching process and the quantity of fish caught.
Finally, the system includes automatic hauling of the gear and the handling of the catch for processing.
Climate change ,adaptation and mitigation in fisheriesSWAGATIKA SAHOO
Climate change impacts on aquatic and marine ecosystems and associated livelihoods are growing, and the purpose of this circular is to provide a brief overview of potential impacts and details of ongoing and completed adaptation activities. Sharing examples will aid planning and development of adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture, and this compilation is intended to provide a starting point for planners, policy-makers, and practitioners who are involved in sectors related to fisheries and aquaculture around the globe. This introduction provides an overview of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. The presentation reviews potential mitigation and adaptation options for fisheries and aquaculture at various scales. This is followed by an overview of selected adaptation activities at various scales to demonstrate the types of activities underway or completed around the world, primarily in developing countries. This is not a comprehensive review of adaptation actions – there are other resources that provide more in-depth reviews of adaptation. However, this circular aims to provide examples of the kinds of adaptation activities specifically addressing fisheries and/or aquaculture.
The Kerala backwaters are a network of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast) of Kerala state in southern India, as well as interconnected canals, rivers, and inlets, a labyrinthine system formed by more than 900 kilometres (560 mi) of waterways, and sometimes compared to American bayous.[3] The network includes five large lakes linked by canals, both man made and natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually half the length of Kerala state. The backwaters were formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low barrier islands across the mouths of the many rivers flowing down from the Western Ghats range. In the midst of this landscape, there are a number of towns and cities, which serve as the starting and endpoints of backwater cruises.
Asian Seabass is a very popular food fish in South Asian countries. This presentation deals with Asian seabass farming in Thailand which includes breeding, larval development, and growout technology. This presentation is a part of my internship work at the Asian Institute of technology.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. 2
o Need for data collection system
o Types of data collection
o Timing and location of data collection
o Data collection system for inland fisheries in India and its development
o Methodologies used
o Issues and constraints
o Recommendations for improvement
o References
3. 3
"States should ensure that timely, complete and reliable statistics on catch and fishing effort
are collected and maintained in accordance with applicable international standards and
practices and in sufficient detail to allow sound statistical analysis. Such data should be
updated regularly and verified through an appropriate system...." (CCRF 7.4.4)
"The collection of data is not an end in itself, but is essential for informed decision-making."
(FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries 4:
Fisheries Management: Article 2, FAO 1997a)
4. Purposes of data collection
4
o Ideally the role of data collection is to support the monitoring of stated objectives and support for
management processes.
Extractive objectives, such
as fish protein supply or
recreational opportunities;
Social objectives, such as
income, equity of distribution
of benefits, reduction of social
conflict;
Fiscal objectives, such as
revenue and foreign earnings;
and
Conservation objectives,
such as sustainability or
biodiversity conservation.
Most fisheries are managed for a mix of these objectives. It is, therefore, important to agree on a common
approach to the fishery so that data collection systems serve the greatest number of interested
parties.
o Objectives of inland fishery management include:
5. Types of data and information
5
Data are raw numerical values that
must be analyzed to become
information.
Information may also be non-numerical and deal
with such questions as whether it is the men or
women who fish or whether a particular species
migrates.
Absolute
data
• which attempts to assign values to such
variables as catch that are as close to
reality as possible. Absolute values are
generally a snapshot of the situation at a
point in time.
Relative
data
• which attempt to trace the movement of
values over time from a baseline. The
baseline itself may be an absolute value
or one that is selected arbitrarily in the
time series.
The fish,
including data
and
information on
feeding,
breeding,
growth and
mortality as
well as any
migrations
and other
aspects of
biology;
The fishery,
including
statistics on
landings and
effort,
information on
gear and its
performance,
information on
behavior and
income of the
fishers and
their families;
The
environment,
including
information on
water quality
and quantity
the degree of
modification
of aquatic
habitats and
ecosystems.
6. TIMING OF DATA AND INFORMATION COLLECTION
Studies and surveys are expensive and detailed operations usually designed
6
o A frame survey divides a river or lake into various strata or
zones according to ecological, fishery or social
characteristics, identifies sampling locations that are
typical of the various strata, and lays down a schedule for
the timing of sampling. Division of the area into strata
makes it easier to group sampling sites and interpret the
data collected from them.
o Regular surveys are carried out at regular intervals to
monitor changes following major studies. A sampling
frame may be used to select the number and location of
the sampling sites.
o Daily/weekly collection of data is used to establish local
trends at individual markets and landings. A sampling
frame may be used to specify landings and markets that
are main data collection points.
In statistics, a sampling frame is the source material or
device from which a sample is drawn. It is a list of all
those within a population who can be sampled, and may
include individuals, households or institutions.
7. LOCATION OF DATA AND INFORMATION COLLECTION
7
Markets, which are the great concentration point of the fish sold and passing through the
commercial network.
They are particularly useful in diffuse fisheries where there are no defined landings.
Market surveys carry the danger of double counting, as the same fish may appear more
than once in the same market or in successive markets in the chain.
Landing centre, which are the primary collection point of fish landed. These are particularly
valuable in lakes or large rivers where definite points have developed for landing and sale of fish.
They collect data primarily on quantity of fish landed by the fishery and can also be used to gather
data on species, weight, length and sexual condition. They are also good for the collection of data on
the types of gear in use.
Landing data are also incomplete in that it misses the often considerable amount of fish consumed by
the fishers, their families and associated communities (auto consumption).
Fishing villages, through family and household surveys, which can detect sources of fish that
are not dependent on landings and boats but which are collected from small water bodies by women
and children. Such surveys are also useful for understanding how the fishery works.
They can supply data on gear use patterns and on the social and economic organization of the
fishers. Individual fishers, who are difficult to sample on a regular basis in most fisheries. They are
however the best source of data on the performance of individual gear use and on the types and
sizes of the fish caught.
They can also be helpful in providing information about auto consumption patterns and the allocation
of work among participants in the fishery.
8. DIFFERENT METHODS USED FOR DATA COLLECTION FROM INLAND
FISHERIES
FISHERIES-
INDEPENDENT METHODS
Biological sampling for age ,growth and
maturity information
Angler surveys with probabilistic sampling
The use of hydroacoustics to estimate
fish numbers
Use of eDNA to detect the fish species
present and their relative abundance
FISHERIES DEPENDENT
METHODS
Registration
Logbooks
Questionnaires
interviews
Direct observations
Scientific research
8
9. 9
Schematic representation of the chain
of events in design and
implementation of fishery data and
information collection systems.
Source: FAO
10. Status of Inland fisheries in India
10
• Inland water resources in India are diverse and comprised
of 29,000 km of rivers, 0.3 million ha of estuaries, 0.19
million ha of backwaters and lagoons, 3.15 million ha of
reservoirs, 0.2 million ha of floodplain wetlands and 0.72
million ha of upland lakes.
• India is the second largest producer of inland fishes and the
second largest aquaculture nation in the world.
• The total fish production of India touched 13.8 MT in 2018-
19 with a contribution of 8.92 million tonnes (about 71%)
from inland sector. Engaging over 14.5 million people at the
primary level and almost twice the number along the value
chain.
1. Ensuring food security
2. Economically viable exploitation
3. Resource conservation by
meeting MSY
This calls for strategic planning on
the basis of scientific assessment
of various biological, social and
economic indicators.
Exploitation
11. 11
the inland fisheries statistics in India based on
1. market arrivals furnished by the states
2. water area leased
3. stocking of seed
The National
Commission on
Agriculture (1976)
the data collected from these resources are sometimes neither comparable nor aggregated at
national level as their concepts and definitions vary from region to region.
There is a strong need for evolving a scientific methodology of data collection with uniform concepts
and definitions.
The success of strategic planning in assessment
largely depends upon the availability of reliable data.
12. 12
1991
1984
1978-81
1973-75
1962-63
Sept-
1958
April-1956
1955-56
a pilot investigation
was launched by ICAR
in two districts of
Hyderabad state for
developing sampling
techniques for inland
fisheries resource
estimation.
the Directorate of the National
Sample Survey took up the
survey work in Orissa to evolve
suitable sampling techniques
for estimation of fish
production.
The NSSO conducted a
survey covering 3 districts
one each in West Bengal,
Tamil Nadu and Andhra
Pradesh for estimating
the catch from
impounded water as well
as riverine resources by
enquiry method
a centrally sponsored scheme
was launched in 8 states to
evolve standardization
methodology for collection of
inland fisheries statistics in the
country and its implementation
was entrusted to CIFRI,
Barrackpore
The CIFRI Barrackpore has brought out
a bulletin number 58 (revised) in 1991
on methodology for collection and
estimation of inland fisheries statistics in
India, to provide guidelines on collection
of data and estimation procedures with
associated degree of reliability at
national level.
the Government transferred
the work from ICAR to the
Directorate of National
Sample Survey (NSSO)
IASRI and CIFRI carried
out a pilot survey in one
district of West Bengal
covering 24 paragans.
The data were collected
both by enquiry and by
physical observations.
DEVELOPMENTS OF INLAND CATCH ESTIMATION METHODS IN INDIA
These sampling techniques
later formed the basis of the
pilot survey undertaken by the
NSSO in 1962-63, in 3 districts
of Orissa viz. Cuttack,
Sambalpur and Mayurbhanj
based on IASRI.
13. 1992-1997 1998-1999 2002-2012
13
during 8th Plan, DAHD&H
entrusted the development of
uniform concepts, definitions and
terminologies for various inland
fishery resources and a suitable
and standardized methodology for
collection and estimation of inland
fishery resources and catch to
Central Inland Fisheries
Research Institute(CIFRI),
Barrackpore in collaboration with
the states.
Now , A New Department Called
Department of Fisheries has been created
out of the erstwhile Department of Animal
Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries
Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and
Dairying is a newly formed ministry in
India. It was formed in May 2019 by Modi
government from the department of same
name under Ministry of Agriculture and
Farmers Welfare.
May 2019
The methodologies have been developed
and tested in various States during 8th
and 9th Plans.
The resources assessment survey work
and catch assessment survey work have
been completed in 158 waterbodies and
56 districts respectively.
The Central Sector Scheme on “Strengthening
of Database and Information Networking for
the Fisheries Sector” is in operation during the
Tenth and Eleventh Plan. As per the Scheme,
the respective State Governments collect
the inland fish catch statistics and transmit
the estimates to the Department of Animal
Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD), Ministry of
Agriculture, Government of India .These
estimates are then submitted before the
Technical Monitoring Committee of the
DAHD&F .
14. 14
o The Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore in 1991 devised a methodology
for collection of data relating to some important still water areas.
o This involves dividing water sources into two categories namely, fresh water and brackish water
bodies each with a distinct ecology, and classifying them further into three groups according to the
level of production.
o Different sampling methods are adopted for assessment of fish production in each group. There is still
a large data gap in coverage not only geographically but also in terms of several sources of
inland fisheries such as rivers, canals, etc.
CIFRI Methodologies for data collection
Inland fisherman Fishery survey
officer
State government
Department
of fisheries,
MoA, GOI
Schematic diagram of information flow in India
15. Classification of inland fisheries resources for production assessment
◉ Fresh water resources
ponds and tanks, large irrigation
tanks, lakes, reservoirs, beels, river,
streams
15
The DAHD&F publishes the national inland fish production statistics. The methodological support is
given by the CIFRI as when required.
Inland water bodies are broadly classified into two categories:
◉ Brackish water resources
estuaries, lagoons, “bheries”.
all those potential class of water bodies need coverage under catch assessment programs are
being classified for the execution of the methodology in order to provide firm, reliable and
statistically sound data base on inland fisheries. Water bodies that marginally contribute to catch is
not included in this method.
16. 16
Groups of
Waterbodies
Group 3
Group 1
(Water bodies up to 10
ha at full tank level)
1.Large Irrigation Tanks
2. Reservoirs and check dams
3. Lakes
4. Ox-bow lakes / Meanders / Channel Scars
1. Rivers
2.Canals
3.Estuaries
4.Lagoons
5.Back waters
1.Aquaculture ponds and tanks
2. Brackish water
impoundments
3. Waterlogged areas
Group 2
(Water bodies above
10 ha at full storage
level)
A water body considered a tank in
one state is known and grouped
as reservoir in another state.
There are no uniform criteria
adopted by the States. This lacuna
makes the data incohesive and
noncomparable between the
States and to pool at the national
level.
17. 17
Sampling methodology
Since the productivity varies from type to type of water bodies, separate sampling methodologies,
type specific, are followed.
o The whole state is divided into three nearly homogeneous groups called strata (each stratum
containing a number of districts) on the basis of certain characteristics such as climate,
rainfall, soil quality etc.
o Strata should be formed in such a way that geographical contiguity of districts within stratum
is maintained.
o From each stratum a sample of 30% districts may be selected at random for the survey.
Further, sampling within each selected district is carried out.
18. 18
There may be two situations:
(1) resource may be estimated and
(2) resource data may be available from inventory or some other source
In both the cases stratified three-stage sampling where districts, clusters and ponds are first, second
and third stage units of selection respectively is adopted. However, in the first case we need to collect
data on resource whereas in the second case we need not do it
Ponds
Clusters
Districts
Units of selection in stratified three-stage sampling
Sampling procedure for Group I water bodies
19. 1.Collection of Resource data
19
Sampling frame should
be prepared for each
selected district by
making a list of villages.
In a particular district, villages
having inland water bodies of
may be highlighted and clusters
of five nearby villages formed
from among the pond bearing
villages.
From these clusters a
sample of nine clusters
is selected by random
sampling for assessment
of water spread area.
A further sampling of
five ponds (under
utilization for fishery)
in each cluster is
recommended for
estimation of fish
production.
1
year
monthly
20. 2. Alternative procedure( data available)
20
o It happens sometimes that information on the total resource is available from other sources. In
that case there is no need of estimation of area under different categories of water bodies.
o The data on
are available.
o In such cases the catch data will be collected as per the same procedure outlined above, i.e.
sampling of five ponds in each cluster is recommended for estimation of fish production.
o
23. Sampling procedure for group II water bodies
23
Investigations have shown that two types of exploitation pattern are adopted in these water bodies.
(1) Water bodies, which are harvested for a short interval extending from a fortnight to about a
month during the year.
Examples- small reservoirs and lakes
under the preview of state departments and exploitation is affected either by auctioning them to
private contractors under certain terms and conditions or exploited departmentally by engaging contract
labour. Hence, the bulk of harvest is a one time operation. Data from such water bodies are
collected on total enumeration basis.
(2) Water bodies, which are exploited round the year by fishermen cooperatives or individual
fisherman on the basis of licenses, free fishing, royalty or any other such mode.
24. 24
o There are two types of approaches for estimation of monthly, quarterly and annual catch
depending on the exploitation practices and disposal of catch.
o If individual fisherman exploits the water bodies and catch record may be available for each
operating unit separately, the is adopted.
o If the catch cannot be recorded by units operated and only total catch, which is landed for disposal,
can be assessed, then is adopted.
o However, first we will try to get the information about the water body and then we have to
specify the “choice of sampling units” which may be either “Fishing village” or “Landing
centre”. Based on this information the monthly, quarterly and the annual catch will be estimated
adopting the appropriate technique.
25. 25
Collection of Inventory Data
the inventory of village-wise operating units is made
in fishing village approach. Here data from all the
fishing villages by the side of the water body
have to be collected. Information should be
collected from each household of the village.
Data to be collected
head of the household
family size (adult & children)
Fishing as occupation
number and type of boats
type of gears and their number
used by the household
mode of disposal of the catch.
Fishing Village Approach
27. 27
Collection of catch data
• A few villages (25%-30% with a minimum of two villages) are selected at random to record
the catch on sampling days of a month.
• Fortnightly, systematic sampling is followed in selection of days, if fishing is done everyday
in the month; otherwise random sample of fishing days is taken from each fortnight.
• On the day of sampling, the investigator is required to record the no. of units operated, total
catch as well as species-wise catch along with other details from selected water units. In
brief, this procedure can be described as stratified three stage sampling where selection of
fishing villages is the first stage, sample days as second stage and units observed as third
stage of selection
Units
observed
Sampling
days
Selection
of fishing
village
1 2 3
28. 28
1. Collection of Inventory Data
Here, data from all the landing centres of the water body under the district have to be collected.
2. Collections of catch data
o In landing centre approach, it is difficult to record the catch unit-wise. A few landing centres
will be selected for collection of catch data. From each selected landing centre, the total
catch as well as species-wise catch for the day can be noted.
Landing Centre Approach
29. 29
The observation of catch is made by the following procedure:
o A few landing centres (25%-30% with a minimum of two) are to be selected from the total
landing centres of that water body.
o Further, sampling of days in months is made fortnightly adopting systematic sampling of
two consecutive days for collection of catch data, if fishing is done everyday in the month;
otherwise random sample of days is taken from fishing days in each fortnight.
Time strata Days in a month
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
2 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
30. 30
o Each selected landing centre is physically observed on two consecutive days in each of the first
and second fortnight during the month. On a selected day of sampling at a centre, data are collected
during 12.00 to 18.00 hr and on second day from 06.00 to 12.00 hrs. Data on night landings, if any, in
between the consecutive days are collected by inquiry on the second day.
o On the selected day of observation, the investigator should collect information on the total catch
landed and species composition. He should also ascertain the number of fishing holidays
observed during the last month.
32. Sampling procedure for group III water bodies (Rivers, Streams,
Canals, Estuaries etc.)
32
• The water bodies under this group sustain multi gear and multi species fishery exploited by
artisanal fishermen operating on the entire area of the system making the estimation rather
cumbersome.
• Most of the water bodies do not have well established landing centres where fishermen may
land their catch.
• In some of the cases, entire bank of the river act as landing point for them and they directly take the
catch to the wholesale or retail market for final disposal.
• However rivers like Ganga and estuaries like Hooghly-Matlah have some landing centres at
some points which can be considered for collection of data.
• Fish catch from this group of water bodies is generally negligible in most of the states.
33. 33
• Sampling frame for this group is prepared by enlisting district-wise, all the fishing villages/landing
centres in each of the strata. 25 to 30% of these units are selected by random sampling from amongst
the selected districts of each stratum at the second stage.
• For each selected unit 2 to 4 sampling days within a month are further selected at the third stage for
collection of catch data
• Hence, the above procedure may be termed as stratified three stage sampling where district-wise
villages, days of sampling and units observed form the first, second and the third stage of sampling
respectively.
Units
observed
Days of
sampling
District
wise
villages
The observation of catch is made by the same procedure as adopted for Group II water bodies, where
fishing is done throughout the year.
35. APPLICATION OF INFORMATION FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
National decision
making
Management of
fish stocks
Fishers and their
communities
Conservation and
rehabilitation
35
• Evaluation of gross
contribution of fisheries to
the economy
• How much funding to
devote to the sector
• Whether to build a
sampling site/research
facility
• Amount that can be
equitably extracted as tax
• Allocation of water
between different users of
resources
• Assesmnent of
general health of
fishery through trends in
catch-weight-
composition
• Management of MSY for
species
• Introductions of other
stocks
• Equitable
distributions of
access and benefits
• ensuring social
justice for women
and child
• Avoidance of
conflicts between
stakeholders
• Improvement of water
quality
• Assessment of
impacts of engineering
works
• Establishing
environmental flow
scenario
• Need for and setting
up of protected areas
36. 36
Issues of the inland
fishery statistical
system
Unlike marine sector, inland fisheries cannot claim a satisfactory status with
regard to data collection;
Open access system nature of inland open-waters;
Multiple usages & multiple-ownership;
Poor understanding of requirements of users;
Inadequacy in basic database at the state level;
The data collected from inland fishery resources of different states are
sometimes neither comparable nor compilable at Central Level;
Unregulated fishing practices;
37. constraints of the inland fishery statistical system
37
Incomplete and incorrect or unreliable data at state level
Lack of coordination among stakeholders
Lack of uniform policy for resource management
Incompatibility of data
Lack of standardized data collection and compilation methodologies and tools.
Poor accessibility to fishery resources in upland regions
Lack of adequate skilled manpower
Lack of priority on HRD in open-water issues
38. 38
4
3
2
1
Improving the quality of inland fisheries statistics
• Instead of doing additional surveys,
countries should review their existing
statistics using existing information (and
involving the relevant stakeholders in the
process).
• Reasonable estimates of the importance
of the sub-sector can be obtained using
existing local information, comparative
data from elsewhere and fishery
independent information.
• This information can be obtained from
locally available maps and using remote
sensing imagery which is already
available (although not necessarily in
Departments of Fisheries).
• The information should be kept in digital,
geo-referenced format, so that it can be
used in a GIS (Geographic Information
System).
Population census data should be
compared with resource availability. If
population census data will already be
digitised and geo-referencing enabled
then it can be analysed in a GIS –
enabling computer aided analysis of
relationships between populations
and resources.
These considerations are basic and
country specific.
• Areas with better economic
development tend to be less dependent
upon inland capture fisheries
• The level and kind of agricultural
development. Rice-farming usually has
considerable fisheries activities
associated with it.
• Access to markets. This is important
because fishery resources will be
exploited only to the level of demand.
39. References
39
◉ CCIFRI , BULLETIN 58 (REVISED EDITION) - February 1991, Methodology for Collection and Estimation of Inland Fisheries
Statistics in India
◉ FAO, EIFAC Technical Paper No. 33 , GUIDELINES FOR SAMPLING FISH IN INLAND WATERS
◉ CSO-MFS-2011 MANUAL ON FISHERY STATISTICS e Government of India Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Implementation Central Statistics Office Sansad Marg, New Delhi www.mospi.gov.in
◉ 3. OBJECTIVES OF DATA COLLECTION (fao.org)
◉ REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON FISHERIES FOR THE ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2007-2012)
◉ 8. FRAME SURVEYS (fao.org)
◉ Review of data collection systems in BOBLME countries by Kim Stobberup Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project –
BOBLME
◉ Vehanen, T.; Piria, M.; Kubečka, J.; Skov, C.; Kelly, F.; Pokki, H.; Eskelinen, P.; Rahikainen, M.; Keskinen, T.; Artell, J.;
Romakkaniemi, A.; Suić, J.; Adámek, Z.; Heimlich, R.; Chalupa, P.; Ženíšková, H.; Lyach, R.; Berg, S.; Birnie-Gauvin, K.; Jepsen,
N.; Koed, A.; Pedersen, M. I.; Rasmussen, G.; Gargan, P.,Roche, W. & Arlinghaus, R. 2020. Data collection systems and
methodologies for the inland fisheries of Europe. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 649. Budapest, FAO.
https://doi.org/10.4060/ca7993en
◉ Data Requirements for Inland Fisheries Management (fao.org)