This Slide's will help those guys who are looking for to study the Data Center Design . In these Slide's, you can understand the concept of raised floor, importance of raised floor, why raised floor is needed in a Data Center, and many more concepts .. Hope it will gave you the good understanding to related topic.

1. Data Centre Design – II (Module-3.2)
ADITYA GUPTA
B.Tech, 3rd year
i-Nurture
TMU
Moradabad

2.  Discuss the factors to consider when selecting raised floors for
the data centre .
 Explain the importance of floor tiles in a data centre.
 Outline the benefits in laying electrical cables underground.
 Summarize the plans to protect the data centre from vandalism.
Learning Objectives-:

3. What We Will Discuss-:
 Introduction to Data Centre Design- Part II
 Raised Floor Design and Deployment
 Plenum
 Floor Tiles
 Equipment Weight and Tiles Strength
 Electrical Wireways
 Cable Trays
 Design and Plan Against Vandalism

4. Introduction To Data Centre Design- Part II
 A data centre can be constructed on a piece of land or within an
existing structure.
 Once the basic structure is constructed, the next step is to design the
internal infrastructure of the data centre.
 Floor is one of the most basic infrastructures of the data centre which
needs to be constructed properly.
 Based on the needs of the data centre , the floor can either be a hard
floor or raised floor.

5. Data center

6. Raised Floor Design and Deployment
 A raised floor is a type of elevated structural floor that is
supported by a metal grid and allows cables, mechanical
facilities, electrical supplies and wiring to run beneath it.
 A raised floor frame must be designed to accommodate the
anticipated load of data center equipment.
 Sometimes there is additional structural support and lighting
that allows for a crawl space or walkway underneath.

7. Internal view of the raised floor. External view of the raised floor.

8. Framework of Raised Floor
 A raised floor is constructed on a ground, which has a
framework of:
 Pedestals.
 Pedestals head.
 Stringers.

9.  Pedestals-: The pedestals support the floor tiles. Generally, the
floor tiles are 2 feet × 2 feet in size. So, the pedestals are
arranged such that they support each floor tile.

10.  Pedestals Head-: It is fitted on the top of the pedestals. The
pedestals head support the stringers and the floor tiles.
Pedestal Head

11.  Stringers-: These are steel or aluminum channels that are
fastened to the pedestal head. Stringers provide lateral stability
to the raised floor.
Stringer

12. The raised floor of a data centre provides -:
 A place on which the equipment is kept. Therefore, the floor tiles
must be able to endure the weight of the equipment.
 Grounding for the equipment.
 The cold air from the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
(HVAC) units within the subfloor enclosure is directed up to the
data centre through the penetrated tiles to cool the equipment
 An area to lay out the network cables, cables for equipment and
power outlets.
.

13. Plenum-:
 Plenum is the space between the data centre subfloor and floor
tiles. The height of the plenum is usually between 1.5 feet to 2
feet.
 This space is determined by the capacity of the HVAC as well. The
HVAC should be able to pressurize the plenum so that the cold
air could circulate.
 The plenum space is occupied by the floor grid system consisting
of pedestals and stringers.

15. Floor Tiles
 The floor panels or tiles rest on the pedestals and stringers. It
forms a supporting base for the data centre equipment.
 The tiles are usually in the form of a square with dimension of 2
feet x 2 feet.
 The material of the tiles is important in determining the weight
that it can support. Tiles can be made of concrete, compressed
wood or cast aluminum.
 Usually, cast aluminum is used as material for the tiles. Such tiles
can support a weight of up to 680 kg.

16. Floor tile of a data centre

17. Types Of Tiles-:
 Solid tiles: Do not have holes in them and are used to support
the equipment. These tiles redirect the air flow and thus help in
preserving the pressure in the plenum.

18.  Perforated Tiles-: They have holes in them to allow cold air to
enter from the plenum. These tiles are used right next to
equipment racks and below the heavy equipment that require its
bottom to be cooled. This placement allows the cold air directly
to equipment racks.

19. Equipment Weight And Tile Strength-:
 The size and weight of the equipment has a great impact on the
design of the floor tiles as large equipment can stress the floor
structure.
 To determine whether a tile would be able to bear the
equipment load, the current as well as the expected future load
should be considered. The initial design should not spread out
the equipment on all of the available floor space.

20. Types of load that defines load bearing
capacity-:
 Point Load-: Most of the equipment or racks in a data centre rest
on four rollers, casters or feet. Point load is the load on any one
of these four feet.
 Static Load-: This load refers to the sum of all the point loads on
the tile.
 This calculation is not only for solid tiles, but also for perforated
tiles. Generally, perforations weaken a tile. Therefore, when
equipment is moved along the aisle, the perforated tiles would
experience the static load temporarily.

21. Electrical Wireways-:
 An electrical wireway is a long metal box that contains electrical
cables and equipment’s power outlets. In a raised floor structure,
these wireways are found beneath the tiles.
 The cut out in tiles are used to pass the power cords from the
equipment to the power outlets in the subfloor. These power
outlets further connect to the circuit breakers and subpanels.
 The electrical wireways enable efficient power distribution. The
power distribution can be limited to specific areas.
 A smaller wireway in the plenum will allow for more air
circulation.

22. Electrical Wireways

23. Cable Trays-:
 Cable trays are metallic wire baskets that are used to organise
the cables that run parallel to the electrical wireway.
 The cable tray can be used to organise different types of cables
such as:
 Power cables
 Network cables
 Storage cables
 The cable tray should be placed near the tile rather than the
ground.

24. Cable Trays

25. Design And Plan Against Vandalism-:
 A data centre stores sensitive and mission critical information for
businesses. The data stored in a data centre is one of the most
expensive assets for a business. Thus, such data should be
protected from sabotage, theft and security attacks .
 This thought of protecting the data centre from malicious attacks
should reflect in the design and construction of the data centre.

26. Design And Plan Against Vandalism(Contd.)-:
 Listed below are some guidelines that can help in safeguarding
the data:
 The data centre facility or structure should be such that the
access can be controlled and supervised easily.
 Do not use any windows or doors, which provide direct outside
access to the data centre facility.
 As a security measure, install alarm systems and motion
detectors.
 Only trained and authorised employees should have access to
the main data centre floor.

27. Design And Plan Against Vandalism

30. Summary-:
 A raised floor is a framework of pedestals, pedestal head and
stringers.
 The plenum space is occupied by the floor grid system consisting
of pedestals and stringers.
 The floor tiles rest on the pedestal and stringers.
 An electrical wireway is a long metal box that contains the
electrical cables and equipment power outlets.
 Cable trays are metallic wire baskets used to organise the power,
network, and storage cables.

31. THANK YOU….