Database security involves protecting a database from both intentional and accidental threats. There are three main aspects of database security: secrecy, ensuring only authorized users can access data; integrity, ensuring data is not altered improperly; and availability, ensuring authorized users can access data when needed. One major threat is input injection attacks, such as SQL injection, where malicious SQL commands are injected into database queries, compromising security. Countermeasures include authorization, authentication, backups, encryption, and RAID technology to protect data and ensure continuous access.

1. Database security
injection and other attacks
Ahmed shamel
supervised by:
Dr. shimaa hameed

2. Introduction

3. What Is Database Security?
 Database
It is a collection of information stored in a computer.
 Security
It is being free from danger.
 Database Security
It is the mechanisms that protect the database
against intentional or accidental threats.

4. Three Main Aspects
What data base
need?
Secrecy Integrity Availability

5. Secrecy
It is protecting the database from unauthorized users.
Ensures that users are allowed to do the things they are
trying to do.
For examples,
The employees should not
see the salaries of their managers.

6. Only authorized users should be allowed to modify
data.
Ensures that what users are trying to do is correct.
For examples,
An employee should be able to modify his or her
own information.
Integrity

7. Authorized users should be able to access data at any
time they need for Legal purposes as necessary
For examples,
Payment orders regarding taxes should be made on
time by the tax law.
Availability

8. Threat
Threat is any intentional or accidental event that may adversely
affect the system.
 Examples of threats:
- Using another person’s log-in name to access data.
- Unauthorized copying data.
- Program/Data alteration.
- Illegal entry by hacker
- Viruses

9. Kinds of Threat
1. Non-fraudulent Threat
 Natural or accidental disasters.
 Errors or bugs in hardware or software.
 Human errors.
2. fraudulent Threat
Exploitation of Vulnerable .
Input Injection (Formerly SQL Injection) .

10. Input Injection (Formerly SQL Injection)
 SQL injection is a technique where malicious users can inject SQL commands into
an SQL statement, via web page input.
 Injected SQL commands can alter SQL statement and compromise the security of a
web application.

11.  There are two major types of database injection attacks :
1) SQL Injection that targets traditional database systems .
2) NoSQL (stands for not only SQL( Injection that targets Big Data platforms.
SQL Injection attacks usually involve inserting (or “injecting”) unauthorized or
malicious statements into the input fields of web applications. On the other hand,
NoSQL injection attacks involve inserting malicious statements into Big Data
components .
In both types, a successful Input Injection attack can give an attacker unrestricted
access to an entire database.

12. Legal
access by
user name
password
Big websites usually use a variety of databases,
because different databases serve different purposes.

13. How the Injection (Statements ) work?
 the web application is literally asking the database server:
((do we have a user with the username 'Ahmed' and the password
'AAAA' registered in the system? ))

14.  the Sql Syntax is broken and an error occurs.
 This plays a key role in Sql injection

15. if an attacker is able to "smuggle " special character (which is
not filtered by web application)
It is possible to modify the Sql queries, their logic and hence
the application's behavior.

16. checking the web design if it pass special character to
database queries

17. What happen if we pass this command throw
the web application

18. What in fact happen inside the Database
The statement which always true 1=1

19. The attacker is successfully authenticated as the first
user from the top of the list (the first row) for ex:

20. Threat Countermeasures
Computer-Based Controls:
- Authorization
- Authenticating
- Backup and Recovery
- view
- Encryption
- RAID Technology

21.  Authorization
The granting of a privilege that enable a user to have legitimate access
to a system.
 Authenticating
A system administrator is responsible for allowing users to have access
to the system by creating individual user accounts.
 Backup & Recovery
Is the process of periodically taking a copy of the database and log file
onto offline storage media.

22.  View
hiding parts of the database from certain users that provides a
powerful and flexible security mechanism.
 Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)
The hardware that the DBMS is running on must be fault-tolerant,
meaning that the DBMS should continue to operate even if one of the
hardware components fails.