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Security risks within organizations include fraudulent transactions, unauthorized access to data and files, and physical theft or damage of equipment. Fraud is often committed by employees when security and internal controls are lax, such as by entering fictitious transactions without special technical knowledge. Password protection is the most common method to protect corporate data, but fraudulent transactions can still be carried out by unauthorized users who gain access using another user's login details. Other risks include Trojan horses, backdoors, software piracy, and theft of computer time by hackers.
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This document provides an overview of cyber crime. It defines cyber crime as criminal activity committed using computers or the internet, including crimes like fraud. The document notes there is no universally accepted definition of cyber crime. It discusses how cyber crimes can be committed across geographical boundaries and with small resources. The document also outlines some common cyber crimes like hacking and publishing obscene material online according to the Indian IT Act. It discusses challenges around cyber jurisdiction and evolution of electronic evidence collection. Key amendments made to the Indian Evidence Act regarding electronic evidence are also summarized.
cloud Resilience
The document discusses cloud resilience, provisioning, and asset management.
For cloud resilience, it outlines a structured 4-step approach: 1) Assessing assets and requirements, 2) Planning and designing resilience strategies, 3) Implementing and testing, and 4) Managing and sustaining resilience over time.
Cloud provisioning refers to how, what, and when cloud services are provisioned, including dynamic, user, and post-sales models.
Cloud asset management is about managing cloud applications, platforms, and infrastructure to address challenges like lack of visibility, usage data, and spending controls across cloud services. Effective cloud asset management provides benefits like cost optimization and readiness for cloud migrations.
Cyber crime
Cyber crime refers to criminal activity involving computers and the internet. It includes activities like fraud, hacking, and distributing obscene content online. There is no universally agreed upon definition of cyber crime due to the broad and evolving nature of crimes committed through electronic means. Cyber crimes can be committed across geographical boundaries and with minimal resources compared to traditional crimes. The Information Technology Act of India defines and punishes various cyber crimes like hacking, privacy breaches, and distributing obscene content electronically. Both the IT Act and Indian Penal Code can apply to cyber crimes depending on the nature of the offense.
Software Security
The document discusses the yin and yang concept of black and white hats in security. It states that eastern philosophies take a holistic approach that mixes the two. The black hat represents destructive activities like attacks, while the white hat represents constructive activities like design and defense. Several security practices are examined, showing how they involve mixed black and white hat approaches. The document argues that building secure systems requires involvement of security practices throughout the entire development process, not just testing. It considers the various practices discussed to all be best security practices.
Block Level and File Level
Types of Virtualization, Block and File level, comparison of both, protocols needed to implement these.
Security threats
Hacking involves changing a system's security features without authorization to accomplish an unauthorized goal. Hackers are classified as white hats, black hats, or grey hats depending on their motives. White hats hack to improve security, black hats hack for personal gain, and grey hats notify administrators of weaknesses. Crackers are similar to black hats in that they intentionally breach security for criminal reasons like identity theft. Malware programs like viruses, worms, Trojans, and ransomware are designed to gain unauthorized access to systems or steal information without the user's permission.
Virtualization concepts in cloud computing
This document discusses virtualization concepts in cloud computing. It begins by defining virtualization as the creation of virtual versions of hardware resources like servers, storage, and networks. Virtualization allows sharing of physical resources among multiple customers. The document then discusses hardware virtualization, where a virtual machine is created over existing hardware. It compares virtualization to multiprogramming. It also discusses types of virtualization like hardware, operating system, server, and storage virtualization. The document defines key virtualization components like hypervisors, virtual machines, and discusses benefits of virtualization like instant provisioning and load balancing.
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Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Unit-III-ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICES.ppt
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
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Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
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Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
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What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
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Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
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- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
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- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
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- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
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Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
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Unit4 next
- 2. Security implication for organization • Security risks within an organization include- • Processing of Fraudulent transactions. • Unauthorized access to data & program files • Physical theft or damage of equipment
- 3. Fraud • Fraud can be defined as the manipulation of the records of an organization to conceal an illegal act (normally the theft r other assets). • Computer fraud is increasing at alarming rate. • Employee defraud the organisation whenever the security and internal control is lax.
- 4. The most common fraud tactics are • Entering fictitious transaction: • Entering fictitious transaction Most common type of fraud committed by employees. • They use the system in the normal way to enter into a transaction. No special technical knowledge is required. Employees relies on the fact that management supervision of process is weak. • Modification of computer files:Modification of computer files
- 5. • Password protection is the most common method of protecting corporate data. • Fraudulent transaction are often carried out by unauthorized users who manage to gain access to the corporate network by using the login details of another user. • One way of achieving this is through a terminal spoof- a simple yet effective approach to finding other user’s passwords. • Unauthorized data access contd..:Unauthorized data access contd .. Other dangers of which managers should be aware include the Trojan horse in which code is added to a program ,which will activate under certain conditions. Another risk is the Back-door technique .
- 6. Sabotage and theft:Sabotage and theft • Another form of theft relates to copying of programs & data in an organisation . • Theft of software is a major problem in the PC world where users often make illegal copies of the programs rather than purchase the package themselves- this practice is known as software piracy. • The last category of computer theft covers the illegal use of computer time. Computer hackers spend their time searching for networks to which they can gain access. • Having breached the security controls, they often browse around the databases in the installation but can be may not do any damage. The only crime that can be charged with is the theft of computer time.