- The em dash (—) is longer than the en dash (-) and hyphen, and is used to replace commas, parentheses, and colons to enhance readability or draw attention. - The en dash (-) represents spans or ranges of numbers, scores or results, and can indicate conflict or connection. It is also used in compound adjectives. - Parentheses contain additional information or numbered/lettered lists, times with time zones, translations, and abbreviations with full terms. - The exclamation point (!) ends emphatic declarations, interjections, commands, and questions conveying extreme emotion, and can emphasize words in parentheses or accompany sounds.

1. •EM DASH
•EN DASH

2. EM DASH
• It is slightly longer than en dash(–) and hyphen(-).
• Its symbol is (—).
• It is most versatile punctuation mark and can replace commas,
parenthesis and colons.
• Em dash can replace commas to enhance readability:-
Example:- And yet, when the car was finally delivered—nearly three months
after it was ordered—she decided she no longer wanted it.

3.  Em dashes in place of parenthesis:-
 Upon discovering the errors—all 124 of them—the publisher immediately
recalled the books.
• It is used to draw the attention of the reader.
• Em dash can replace of colon for sake of emphasis:-
 After months of deliberation, the jurors reached a unanimous
verdict—guilty.

4.  The en dash (–) is slightly wider than the hyphen(-) but narrower than
the em dash(—).
 It is used to represent a span or range of numbers:-
 The 2010–2011 season was our best yet.
 The en dash is used to report scores or results of contests:-
 Spain beat Brazil 6–2 in the final game of the regular season.
 It can be used to represent conflict or connection:-
 The liberal–conservative debate.
 The Los Angeles–London flight.

5.  It is used in compound adjectives.
 She is a National Book Award–winning novelist.

7. Parenthesis
 Parentheses (always used in pairs) allow a writer to provide additional
information.
 The president (and his assistant) traveled by private jet.
 Numbered or lettered lists should use a pair of parentheses to enclose
the numbers or letters.
 Please submit the following four items with your application: (1) a cover letter,
(2) a resume, and (3) a college transcript.
 Time zones are usually enclosed in parentheses following the
time.
 The conference call will be held at 9:00 a.m. (PST).

8.  Short translations in unquoted text can be placed in parentheses.
 His knowledge of Portuguese is limited to obrigado (thank you).
 While using abbreviations the full term can can be provided in
parenthesis.
 My father is a JCO(Junior commisoned officer).

10. Exclamation point
 It is used at the end of an emphatic declaration, interjection, or
command.
 It’s symbol is (!).
 "No!" he yelled. “Do it now!”
 An exclamation mark may be used to close questions that are meant to
convey extreme emotion, as in
 What on earth are you doing! Stop!
 An exclamation mark can be inserted within parentheses to emphasize
a word within a sentence.
 We have some really (!) low-priced rugs on sale this week.
 An exclamation mark will often accompany mimetically produced
sounds, as in
 All night long, the dog’s woof! In my neighbor's yard.