Download as PDF, PPTX
Uploaded byWorldDAB
DAB costs and benefits
The document discusses the advantages of the DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting) transmission system over traditional FM radio, highlighting its equipment requirements, cost benefits, and transmission processes. It emphasizes cost savings in operational expenses and energy consumption due to reduced transmitter power needs and infrastructure efficiency. Additionally, it presents the transition from FM to DAB+ in urban settings like Kyiv, showcasing the reduction in necessary equipment and operational costs.
More Related Content
DAB costs and benefits
- 1. Overview DAB+ Transmission System JensStockmann Kyiv, 11th March 2016
- 2. 1 • Transmission chainDAB+ versus FM • Equipment for DAB+ operation • Cost Advantages of DAB+ operation Contents
- 3. 2 Contents • Transmission chainDAB+ versus FM • Equipment for DAB+ operation • Cost Advantages of DAB+ operation
- 4. 3 Transmission System -analog Radio AM, FM Distribution Network Freq 1 Freq 3 Freq 2 Radio Service 1 Distribution Network Radio Service 1 AM Radio FM Radio Service Provider (Radio Studio) Network Operator
- 5. 4 Transmission System -digital Radio DAB+ Ensemble Operator Network Operator Contribution Radio Service 1 Radio Service 2 Radio Service 26 . . . Data Services Distribution Single Frequency Network (SFN) All transmitter on same frequency DAB+ Head-End Multiple Services … … sharing one infrastructure … with same same coverage Service Provider (Radio or Data)
- 6. 5 Contents • Transmission chainDAB+ versus FM • Equipment for DAB+ operation • Cost Advantages of DAB+ operation
- 7. 6 • Audio Encoder •Data Server • Multiplexer • Transmitter • Band Pass Filter • Antenna Main components of DAB+ DAB+ Head-End System DAB+ Transmission System
- 8. 7 End-to-End System DAB+ Modulation Amplification Highefficient Content Head-End Distribution AntennaContri- bution Transmitter Filter Feeder ETI over E1 or EDI over IP Audio Encoding (HE AAC) Encoding Data Insertion Mutliplexing STI E1 or AoIP High Gain Antenna Low loss band pass Filter GPS GPS
- 9. 8 Head-End System DAB+,ways of implementation Audio Encoder Multiplexer Data Server Separate Hardware traditional Integrated Head-End recent Cloud Solution coming Cloud Head-End
- 10. 9 • MPEG-4 HighEfficient AAC+ v2, with DAB specific parametric • 48 - 128 kbps most used audio data rate • 64 kbps = good audio quality • Program Associated Data (PAD) (typ. 8 kbps) Station Logo, CD Label, Text • Non Program Associated Data NPAD) Services EPG ( typ. 8 kbps) TPEG Traffic Information ( typ. 32 kbps) Journaline Text News ( typ. 8 kbps) • Provides the Ensemble Multiplex incl. all Audio, Data and FEC • 2048 kbps gross data capacity • 576 to 1728 kbps net data capacity available (depending on protection level) • Protection Level 3A most common (1152 kbps) DAB+ Head-End System – Parameters Audio Encoder Multiplexer Data Server
- 11. 10 DAB+ signal distributionvia E1 over G.703 Audio Data (NPAD) Transport Mux Ensemble Multiplexer STI-C/D ETI ETI = Ensemble Transport Interface STI = Service Transport Interface RFSTI-C PAD = Program Associated Data NPAD = Non Program Associated Data STI-D = Data Channel STI-C = Control Channel (bi-directional) E1 G.703 Network Data Inserter Data (PAD) E1 G.703 Network Modulator Enc.+Insert DAB+ Radio Studio DAB+ Head-End Operator DAB+ Transmitter Network Operator
- 12. 11 DAB+ signal distributionvia EDI over IP Audio Data (NPAD) PC Ensemble Multiplexer EDI EDI = Encapsulated Data Interface RF PAD = Program Associated Data NPAD = Non Program Associated Data IP Network Data Inserter Data (PAD) IP Network Modulator Soft Encoder.+Insert EDI DAB+ Radio Studio DAB+ Head-End Operator DAB+ Transmitter Network Operator
- 13. 12 DAB+ signal distributionvia AoIP and EDI over IP Audio over IP (MP3, HE AAC) NPAD Encoder Inserter Ensemble Multiplexer EDI EDI = Encapsulated Data Interface RF PAD = Program Associated Data (MOT Slide Show, Text) NPAD = Non Program Associated Data, i.e. TPEG, Journaline, EPG, Broadcast Web Side) IP Network PAD IP Network Modulator EDI DAB+ Radio Studio DAB+ Head-End Operator DAB+ Transmitter Network Operator
- 14. 13 Head-End DAB, example1+1 Rediundancy 5 Audio Panels for 18 Services Master FlexiDAB EasyWay EDI/ETI Switch (one cold spare) Slave GPS Receiver 5 Audio Panels for 18 Services for the Slave FlexiDAB 18 DAB+ Audio encoders 18 PAD DLS inserters 18 PAD MOT Inserters 1 EPG NPAD inserter 1 TPEG NPAD inserter 1+1 automatic redundant system Master GPS Receiver Slave FlexiDAB Example: 1+1 redundant DAB+ Head-End
- 15. 14 DAB+ Cloud basedHead-End solution Audio over IP (MP3, HE AAC) NPAD Cloud Connector EDI = Encapsulated Data Interface RF PAD = Program Associated Data (MOT Slide Show, Text) NPAD = Non Program Associated Data, i.e. TPEG, Journaline, EPG, Broadcast Web Side) IP Network PAD IP Network DAB Modulator Cloud Head-End DAB+ Radio Studio DAB+ Head-End Operator EDI IP ETI G.703 DAB+ Transmitter Network Operator
- 16. 15 • Company Paneda(Norway) provides first DAB+ Cloud solution Cloud Connector DAB+
- 17. 16 • Cost effectiveSoft Defined DAB+ solution based on Open Code Software • Implemented on Standard PC for DAB Head-End (Audio live encoding, Multiplexing) • IP audio streaming from Studio to DAB+ Head-End • First local Radio operating in Switzerland • Trials in UK initiated from OFCOM • www.opendigitalradio.org , www.wiki.digris.ch www.mmbtools.crc.ca Small Scale DAB+ for local Radio Laptop • Stream Audio Player • Audio Encoder • DAB+ MUX DAB Tx Transmission Studios IP DAB+ (EDI) Open Source Head-End IP Audio (streamed) Internet Filter
- 18. 17 Transmission System DAB+ DAB+ Modulator Cooling airor liquid Power Ampl. high efficient Transmitter Band Pass Filter (Mask Filter) Antenna MAXIVA • Vertical polarized • Panels or Dipol • High gain antenna recommended • Broadband VHF TX • 10W – 15kW • Typ. 100W – 1,5 kW • >1kW liquid cooling • Keeps spectrum within the limits • 6 cavities standard • 8 cavities for critical situation • air or liquid cooling Band 3 174-230 MHz GPS
- 19. 18 Transmitter RF PowerDAB+ MAXIV A Example: Gatesair Flexiva VAX 300 W– 2,5 kW DAB+ Example: R&S THV9 1,3 kW – 15,0 kW DAB+ 1 kW 2,5 kW Air cooled Liquid cooled • Lower 1kW air cooled is used, >1kW liquid cooling is dominating • 100 W to 1,5 kW are actual the most installed RF powers in DAB+
- 20. 19 • Mandatory tosecure the RF spectrum emission limits (shoulder distance) • Similar principle as for DVB-T/ T2, but different limits, frequency and bandwidh • DAB filter of 1,5MHz bandwidth, FM or DVB filter not usable (different frequency and bandwidh) • 6 cavity filter standard, • 8 cavity filter for critical circumstannces (Ch 12D) and adjacent channel situations DAB Band Pass Filter MAXI VA Improved shoulder distance after filter
- 21. 20 Different Transmitter forDAB+ and FM - DAB OFDM modulation - ETI G.704 / EDI IP Input interface - Automatic Amplifier linearization - GPS synchronization for SFN Exciter/ Modulator Power Amplifier • FM Transmitter cannot re-used for DAB+ due to different frequency & modulation • existing Band 3 -TV transmitter could be converted into DAB+ - Frequency 174-240 MHz - Broadband amplifier class AB - high efficient Doherty - linearized amplifier Band Pass Filter - Frequency 174 – 230 MHz - 1,5MHz Channel spacing - Frequency Moduklation (FM) - L/R , AES, Composit inputs - No linearization - GPS and SFN not common - Frequency 87,5 - 108 MHz - Narrow band class C - Frequency 87,5 - 108 MHz - 100 kHz Channel spacing Key differences: DAB+ Transmitter FM Transmitter
- 22. 21 Contents • Transmission chainDAB+ versus FM • Equipment for DAB+ operation • Cost Advantages of DAB+ operation
- 23. 22 Why to moveto DAB+ digital terrestrial Radio? Save operational costs ! … is another strong argument for DAB+
- 24. 23 • Kyiv withappr 34 FM Radio Services on air • FM spectrum almost full • 2 DAB+ Channels (Blocks) of 1,5 MHz needed to migrate all Services to DAB+ • Only 2 DAB+ infrastructure to operate Migration scenario FM to DAB+ VHF Band 2 34 FM Transmitter 2x DAB+ infrastructure 108 MHz87,5 MHz 17 Radio Services per channel 174 MHz 240 MHz 1,5 MHz VHF Band 3 2 DAB+ … … 34 FM
- 25. 24 • Fictive assumptionfor the calculations on next slides: 18 FM high power Radio Services in Kyiv replaced by DAB+ Cost Advantages of DAB+ , Generic Scenario 1 10 9 18
- 26. 25 • Equipment CapitalExpenses (CAPEX) • Distribution • Energy • Cooling Operational Expenses (OPEX • Floor space • Service & maintenance • Simulcast period, dual operation of analog and digital Radio, until FM switch-off Main cost factors of terrestrial Radio operation
- 27. 26 • Equipment CapitalExpenses (CAPEX) • Distribution • Energy • Cooling Operational Expenses (OPEX • Floor space • Service & maintenance Main cost factors of terrestrial Radio operation
- 28. 27 • 18 RadioPrograms with good audio quality operated on one DAB+ Channel • Only 1 DAB+ transmitter high power needed • Same investment in FM requires 18 FM transmitter high power! Required transmission equipment DAB+ vs FM 18 x FM Transmitter 1x DAB+ Transmitter
- 29. 28 • Example: 18Radio Services • comparison of investment in Transmitter equipment FM and DAB+ for same coverage • DAB+ Transmitter investment costs < 10% compared to FM Transmitter investment costs FM and DAB+ Transmitter FM DAB+ Power 10 kW 2,5 kW Price per Transmitter 50.000 USD 80.000 USD Transmitter 18 1 Price all Transmitter 900.000 USD 80.000 USD 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 FM DRM+ DAB+ 90% savings
- 30. 29 • Equipment CapitalExpenses (CAPEX) • Distribution • Energy • Cooling Operational Expenses (OPEX • Floor space • Service & maintenance Main cost factors of terrestrial Radio operation
- 31. 30 • DAB+ coversthe same area as FM with appr. a quarter of RF power • Example: 2,5kW DAB+ compares to 10kW transmitter for same coverage Transmission RF power DAB+ vs FM Coverage Area RF Power FM RF Power DAB+2,5kW 10 kW
- 32. 31 DAB+ FM Power budget transmissionsystem DAB+ vs. FM Transmitter 60% losses Filter 20% losses Feeder cable 18% losses Antenna 10dB Gain 2,5 kW 2,0 kW 1.6 kW6,25 kW 100 m 40% eff. 82 kW ERP (5x of DAB+) Transmitter 30% losses Filter 6% losses Feeder cable 13% losses Antenna 10dB Gain 10 kW 9,4 kW 8,2 kW13,9 kW 72% eff. 16 kW ERP • Transmitter RF power is 4 times higher in FM compared to DAB+ • System losses in Band 3 (DAB+) are higher compared to Band 2 (FM) Total app. 40% losses in FM chain Total app. 75% losses in DAB+ chain
- 33. 32 • Example 18Radio Programs same coverage: • Transmitter energy consumption DAB+ is 2,5% of FM • Drastic reduction of energy bill with DAB+ Energy savings with DAB+ compared to FM Transmitter FM DAB+ Power 10 kW 2,5 kW rms Efficiency 72% 40% Energy consumption per Transmitter 13,9 kW 6,25 kW Transmitters 18 1 Energy all Transmitters 250 kW 6,25 kW Annual cost of energy 328.500 USD 8.000 USD Assumes 0,15 USD per kWh 3.2 Mio $ 10 Years Savings on enrgy bill
- 34. 33 • Equipment CapitalExpenses (CAPEX) • Distribution • Energy • Cooling Operational Expenses (OPEX • Floor space • Service & maintenance Main cost factors of terrestrial Radio operation
- 35. 34 • The transmitterwastes parts of the energy into heat • The amount of wasted energy depends from the power efficiency of the used transmitter model • Wasted heat of the transmitter needs to be removed from the transmitter room • Energy needed for room cooling system Cooling of the transmitter room 13,9 kW FM 6,25 kW DAB+ AC Power 10 kW FM 2,5 kW DAB+ 3,9 kW FM 3,75 kW DAB+ Wasted energy Used energy
- 36. 35 Energy saving forroom cooling FM and DAB+ 18 x FM Transmitter @3,9 kW = 70,2 kW 1x DAB+ Transmitter @ 3,75 kW • Wasted heat of the transmitter needs to be removed from room • Energy needed for room cooling system • Example 18 Radio Services in FM and DAB+ transmission: DAB+ with only 6% heat dissipation compared to FM, 94% savings with DAB+
- 37. 36 Air cooling • DuctedAir racks • Evacuate the heat from the building Liquid cooling • Directly evacuate heat out side of the building • Drastic reduced building cooling costs with both solutions Power saving cooling installations Building externalBuilding internal
- 38. 37 • Equipment CapitalExpenses (CAPEX) • Distribution • Energy • Cooling Operational Expenses (OPEX • Space • Service & maintenance Main cost factors of terrestrial Radio operation
- 39. 38 • In notowned stations the operator need to pay for occupied floor space in transmitter hall and antenna aperture on the transmission tower • Example 18 Radio Services same coverage: • Occupied floor for DAB+ Transmitter is <6% of FM, 94% savings Space savings in transmission room FM and DAB+ Foot-print of 18 x FM Transmitter = 10,8 m2 1 m 0,6 m Foot-print of 1x DAB+ Transmitter = 0,6m2 1 18 1 m 0,6 m FM
- 40. 39 Space saving forAntennas with DAB+ Analoge FM • Many towers and Antennas • Interferences DAB+ • Single Antenna • No interference
- 41. 40 • Equipment CapitalExpenses (CAPEX) • Distribution • Energy • Cooling Operational Expenses (OPEX • Floor space • Service & maintenance Main cost factors of terrestrial Radio operation
- 42. 41 Reduced Service &Maintenance Cost FM and DAB+ 18 x FM Transmitter, different models, different manufacturer1x DAB+ Transmitter Example 18 Radio Services: Drastic service cost reductions using DAB+ reduced spare part stock reduced part diversity reduced maintenance effort Multiple FM Towers and AntennasSingle DAB+ Antenna
- 43. 42 Summary • DAB+ isthe most common Digital Radio Standard worldwide • State of the art operational equipment for DAB+ available and widely proofed • Significant savings of operational costs with DAB+ due to single technical infrastructure for multiple Radio Services • With Cloud – and Software based solutions DAB+ follows the media trend
- 44. 43 Thank you For furtherinformation, contact: www.worlddab.org