The population and urbanization of Morocco are increasing very rapidly. They have risenin large cities due to heavy immigration rate from rural areas to accessjob opportunities, better education, and better health facilities. Casablanca has the most affected land use changes in Morocco because of the immigration. This paper presents anintegrated study of land use change in this city from 1986 until 2011 using topographic map sheets (1986) and satellite image (2011). The layers of landuse map (1986) were obtainedby digitization technique in ARCGIS 9.3 software. Supervised classification methodology has been employed using maximum likelihood technique in ERDAS IMAGINE (2011) to extract from the satellite image four classes which were categorized into, built-up area, public green spaces, agricultural land and water bodies. The totalarea of each class was estimated by using geometry tools of ArcGISsoftware to compare land use changes between 1986 and 2011.
Urban Development Scenarios and Probability Mapping for Greater Dublin Region...Beniamino Murgante
Urban Development Scenarios and Probability Mapping for Greater Dublin Region: The MOLAND Model Applications
Harutyun Shahumyan, Laura Petrov, Brendan Williams, Sheila Convery,
Michael Brennan - University College Dublin Urban Institute Ireland
Roger White - Memorial University of Newfoundland Canada
A Survey on Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Soft Computing Techniquesiosrjce
Landslide is a common phenomenon especially in tectonically fragile and sensitive mountainous
terrain which causes damage to both human lives and environment. The complex geological setting of the areas
in the mountainous region makes the land highly susceptible to landslides. Hence, landslide susceptibility
mapping is an important step towards landslide hazard and risk management. The accurate prediction of the
occurrence of the landslide is difficult and in the recent years various models for landslide susceptibility
mapping has been presented. GIS is a key factor for the modeling of landslide susceptibility maps. This paper
presents the review of ongoing research on various landslide susceptibility mapping techniques in the recent
years.
Geovisualisation of flows: New approaches to map an interdependent worldBenjamin Hennig
Postgraduate Presentation by Benjamin D Hennig at the Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, 26th May 2009 - more at http://www.viewsoftheworld.net/?p=2777
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
New information system for enhancing climate & water governanceRemya Ramesh
The Enhanced functionality and capability of web-based information systems is critical for enhancing climate, environment and water governance. Particularly, flexibility in various options for spatial and temporal selection of information is of high importance. Tropical cyclones are the most destructive weather systems that impact on Australia and countries in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Historically tropical cyclones have had major impacts on agriculture, water supplies, safety and economic well being, and in extreme cases threatened the sustainability of countries. Improved data availability for historical cyclones through the Tropical Cyclone Data Portal with enhanced functionality and capability to display historical cyclone information in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, including the Australian region is undertaken in the Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning program (PACCSAP). Through a collaborative project between the Bureau of Meteorology and the School of Computer Science and Information Technology at RMIT University we have improved functionality of the tropical cyclone data portal with the ability to draw any region of interest on the map and search for cyclones within that region, whilst focusing on maintaining a consistent and intuitive user interface.
Urban Development Scenarios and Probability Mapping for Greater Dublin Region...Beniamino Murgante
Urban Development Scenarios and Probability Mapping for Greater Dublin Region: The MOLAND Model Applications
Harutyun Shahumyan, Laura Petrov, Brendan Williams, Sheila Convery,
Michael Brennan - University College Dublin Urban Institute Ireland
Roger White - Memorial University of Newfoundland Canada
A Survey on Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Soft Computing Techniquesiosrjce
Landslide is a common phenomenon especially in tectonically fragile and sensitive mountainous
terrain which causes damage to both human lives and environment. The complex geological setting of the areas
in the mountainous region makes the land highly susceptible to landslides. Hence, landslide susceptibility
mapping is an important step towards landslide hazard and risk management. The accurate prediction of the
occurrence of the landslide is difficult and in the recent years various models for landslide susceptibility
mapping has been presented. GIS is a key factor for the modeling of landslide susceptibility maps. This paper
presents the review of ongoing research on various landslide susceptibility mapping techniques in the recent
years.
Geovisualisation of flows: New approaches to map an interdependent worldBenjamin Hennig
Postgraduate Presentation by Benjamin D Hennig at the Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, 26th May 2009 - more at http://www.viewsoftheworld.net/?p=2777
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
New information system for enhancing climate & water governanceRemya Ramesh
The Enhanced functionality and capability of web-based information systems is critical for enhancing climate, environment and water governance. Particularly, flexibility in various options for spatial and temporal selection of information is of high importance. Tropical cyclones are the most destructive weather systems that impact on Australia and countries in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Historically tropical cyclones have had major impacts on agriculture, water supplies, safety and economic well being, and in extreme cases threatened the sustainability of countries. Improved data availability for historical cyclones through the Tropical Cyclone Data Portal with enhanced functionality and capability to display historical cyclone information in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, including the Australian region is undertaken in the Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning program (PACCSAP). Through a collaborative project between the Bureau of Meteorology and the School of Computer Science and Information Technology at RMIT University we have improved functionality of the tropical cyclone data portal with the ability to draw any region of interest on the map and search for cyclones within that region, whilst focusing on maintaining a consistent and intuitive user interface.
Towards a Planning Decision Support System for Low-Carbon Urban DevelopmentBeniamino Murgante
Towards a Planning Decision Support System for Low-Carbon Urban Development
Ivan Blečić, Arnaldo Cecchini, Giuseppe A. Trunfio - Department of Architecture, Planning and Design, University of Sassari, Alghero
Serena Marras, Donatella Spano - Department of Economics and Woody Plant Ecosystems,University of Sassari
Matthias Falk, David R. Pyles - Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California
A comparison of Land Cover Change in Kaski District, NepalBijesh Mishra
Kaski, one the major cities of Nepal, major tourism place and regional headquarter of Western Development
region, attracts large population from surrounding resulting 36.4% increase in population proportion and thus, land cover
is rapidly changing in the area. The research intended to find land cover change over nine years from 2000 to 2009 as well
as possible reason for the land cover change. Landsat images were obtained from USGS Glovis, National boundary data
was clipped and dissolved selecting study area, and demographic data were obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics,
Nepal for the research. Data was analyzed using Supervised Classification method with maximum likelihood parameter.
From the result, it is concluded that the urban area has increased by 47.86% in study area with the decrease in forest area
by 26.25%. The possible reason for the land cover change can be attributed to rapid increase in population growth and
rapid urbanization. Also, decrease in water resource and barren land can also be accounted to rapid urbanization and
rapid change in land use pattern though research provides sufficient room for further research in this area of study
Bringing Geospatial Analysis to the Social Studies: an Assessment of the City...Universität Salzburg
Current poster presents an example of Landsat TM image processing using ENVI GIS. Research area: Taipei, Taiwan. Located on the north of the island, Taipei is Taiwan’s core urban, political and economic center; population >2.6 M continuing to expand affecting urban landscapes. Research aim: spatio- temporal analysis of urban dynamics in study area during 15 years (1990- 2005) Research objective: application of GIS methodology and remote sens- ing data to spatial analysis for a case study of Taipei. Data: Landsat TM images taken from the USGS. Software: ENVI GIS. Workflow includes following steps: 1) Preliminary processing 2) Creation color composites 3) Classification using K-means algorithm 4) Mapping using classification results 5) Accuracy assessment. The preliminary data processing includes image contrast stretching, which is useful as by default, ENVI displays images with a 2\% linear contrast stretch. For better contrast the histogram equalization contrast stretch was applied to the image in order to enhance the visual quality. The analysis of landscape changes was performed by geospatial analysis. 2 satellite images Landsat TM were processed and classified using ENVI GIS. Result of classification: areas occupied by different land cover types were calculated and analyzed. It has been detected that different parts of the city of Taipei were developing with different rate and intensity. 3 different residential types of the city were recognized and mapped. The results demonstrated following outcomes: 1) intensive urban development of the city of Taipei; 2) decline of green areas and natural spaces and, on the contrary, increase in anthropogenic urban spaces; 3) not parallel urban development in different districts of the city of Taipei during the 15-year period of 1990-2005.
The use of GIS for the development of the A9 dual-carriagewayPeter McCready
Geographic Information Systems (GIS):
An argument for using a Geographic Information System (GIS) for the environmental assessment of the A9 dual-carriageway road development.
Produced in fulfilment of MSc Geospatial & Mapping Sciences at the University of Glasgow (2015).
Investigation of the Lake Victoria Region (Africa: Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda)Universität Salzburg
This poster is a student assignment for a course 'GISA 02 GIS: Geographical Information Systems - Advanced Course 0701', a part of the MSc studies. It presents an ArcGIS based spatial analysis of the Victoria Lake region including environmental, biological, social and economic characteristics of the region. The methodology includes data organizing and management in ArcGIS 9.3. Operations and technique: ArcGIS Spatial Analyst. Project architecture: ArcCatalog. Spatial referencing and re-projection: ArcToolbox. Data include DEMs: elevations (USGS). 2 tiles of the USGS DEM, Land cover data (raster), Population data: UNEP, ArcGIS vector.shp files of administrative boundaries fof Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya. Data preprocessing include following data preparation. Initial vector data: UNEP .shp. Spatial reference properties: Africa Albers Equal Area Conic projection, standard parallels 20 and -23, central meridian 25 and Datum WGS-84, Projection GEOGRAPHIC, Spheroid CLARKE1866. Data conversion from ASCII text data format to raster using ArcToolbox / Conversion Tools / ASCII to Raster (Climate precipitation data). Data were projected, processed and several layer formatting and overlays were created. Mapping was created using ArcMap. Victoria Lake has unique environment, important role in the economy of countries supporting 25 M people through fish catchment reaching up to 90-270$ per capita per annum. Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda control 6%, 49% and 45% of the lake surface. Lake catchment provides livelihood of 1/3 of the population of 3 countries with agricultural economy supported by fishing and agriculture (tea and coffee plantations).
Applications of GIS in Municipal Solid Waste ManagementVignesh Sekar
Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to input, store, retrieve, manipulate, analyze and output geographically referenced data. In order to support decision making for planning and management of land use, natural resources, environment, transportation, urban facilities, and other administrative records.The Role of GIS is very large as many aspects of its planning and operations are highly dependent on spatial data & also provides a digital data bank for future monitoring program of the site…….etc
Accurate and rapid big spatial data processing by scripting cartographic algo...Universität Salzburg
Accurate and rapid big spatial data processing by scripting cartographic algorithms: advanced seafloor mapping of the deep-sea trenches along the margins of the Pacific Ocean
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Brain Fingerprinting is a new computer-based technology to identify the perpetrator of a crime accurately and scientifically by measuring brain-wave responses to crime-relevant words or pictures presented on a computer screen. Brain Fingerprinting has proven 100% accurate in over 120 tests, including tests on FBI agents, tests for a US intelligence agency and for the US Navy, and tests on real-life situations including felony crimes. Brain fingerprinting is based on finding that the brain generates a unique brain wave pattern when a person encounters a familiar stimulus Use of functional magnetic resonance imaging in lie detection derives from studies suggesting that persons asked to lie show different patterns of brain activity than they do when being truthful. Issues related to the use of such evidence in courts are discussed. The author concludes that neither approach is currently supported by enough data regarding its accuracy in detecting deception to warrant use in court. In the field of criminology, a new lie detector has been developed in the United States of America. This is called “brain fingerprinting”. This invention is supposed to be the best lie detector available as on date and is said to detect even smooth criminals who pass the polygraph test (the conventional lie detector test) with ease. The new method employs brain waves, which are useful in detecting whether the person subjected to the test, remembers finer details of the crime. Even if the person willingly suppresses the necessary information, the brain wave is sure to trap him, according to the experts, who are very excited about the new kid on the block.
Towards a Planning Decision Support System for Low-Carbon Urban DevelopmentBeniamino Murgante
Towards a Planning Decision Support System for Low-Carbon Urban Development
Ivan Blečić, Arnaldo Cecchini, Giuseppe A. Trunfio - Department of Architecture, Planning and Design, University of Sassari, Alghero
Serena Marras, Donatella Spano - Department of Economics and Woody Plant Ecosystems,University of Sassari
Matthias Falk, David R. Pyles - Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California
A comparison of Land Cover Change in Kaski District, NepalBijesh Mishra
Kaski, one the major cities of Nepal, major tourism place and regional headquarter of Western Development
region, attracts large population from surrounding resulting 36.4% increase in population proportion and thus, land cover
is rapidly changing in the area. The research intended to find land cover change over nine years from 2000 to 2009 as well
as possible reason for the land cover change. Landsat images were obtained from USGS Glovis, National boundary data
was clipped and dissolved selecting study area, and demographic data were obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics,
Nepal for the research. Data was analyzed using Supervised Classification method with maximum likelihood parameter.
From the result, it is concluded that the urban area has increased by 47.86% in study area with the decrease in forest area
by 26.25%. The possible reason for the land cover change can be attributed to rapid increase in population growth and
rapid urbanization. Also, decrease in water resource and barren land can also be accounted to rapid urbanization and
rapid change in land use pattern though research provides sufficient room for further research in this area of study
Bringing Geospatial Analysis to the Social Studies: an Assessment of the City...Universität Salzburg
Current poster presents an example of Landsat TM image processing using ENVI GIS. Research area: Taipei, Taiwan. Located on the north of the island, Taipei is Taiwan’s core urban, political and economic center; population >2.6 M continuing to expand affecting urban landscapes. Research aim: spatio- temporal analysis of urban dynamics in study area during 15 years (1990- 2005) Research objective: application of GIS methodology and remote sens- ing data to spatial analysis for a case study of Taipei. Data: Landsat TM images taken from the USGS. Software: ENVI GIS. Workflow includes following steps: 1) Preliminary processing 2) Creation color composites 3) Classification using K-means algorithm 4) Mapping using classification results 5) Accuracy assessment. The preliminary data processing includes image contrast stretching, which is useful as by default, ENVI displays images with a 2\% linear contrast stretch. For better contrast the histogram equalization contrast stretch was applied to the image in order to enhance the visual quality. The analysis of landscape changes was performed by geospatial analysis. 2 satellite images Landsat TM were processed and classified using ENVI GIS. Result of classification: areas occupied by different land cover types were calculated and analyzed. It has been detected that different parts of the city of Taipei were developing with different rate and intensity. 3 different residential types of the city were recognized and mapped. The results demonstrated following outcomes: 1) intensive urban development of the city of Taipei; 2) decline of green areas and natural spaces and, on the contrary, increase in anthropogenic urban spaces; 3) not parallel urban development in different districts of the city of Taipei during the 15-year period of 1990-2005.
The use of GIS for the development of the A9 dual-carriagewayPeter McCready
Geographic Information Systems (GIS):
An argument for using a Geographic Information System (GIS) for the environmental assessment of the A9 dual-carriageway road development.
Produced in fulfilment of MSc Geospatial & Mapping Sciences at the University of Glasgow (2015).
Investigation of the Lake Victoria Region (Africa: Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda)Universität Salzburg
This poster is a student assignment for a course 'GISA 02 GIS: Geographical Information Systems - Advanced Course 0701', a part of the MSc studies. It presents an ArcGIS based spatial analysis of the Victoria Lake region including environmental, biological, social and economic characteristics of the region. The methodology includes data organizing and management in ArcGIS 9.3. Operations and technique: ArcGIS Spatial Analyst. Project architecture: ArcCatalog. Spatial referencing and re-projection: ArcToolbox. Data include DEMs: elevations (USGS). 2 tiles of the USGS DEM, Land cover data (raster), Population data: UNEP, ArcGIS vector.shp files of administrative boundaries fof Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya. Data preprocessing include following data preparation. Initial vector data: UNEP .shp. Spatial reference properties: Africa Albers Equal Area Conic projection, standard parallels 20 and -23, central meridian 25 and Datum WGS-84, Projection GEOGRAPHIC, Spheroid CLARKE1866. Data conversion from ASCII text data format to raster using ArcToolbox / Conversion Tools / ASCII to Raster (Climate precipitation data). Data were projected, processed and several layer formatting and overlays were created. Mapping was created using ArcMap. Victoria Lake has unique environment, important role in the economy of countries supporting 25 M people through fish catchment reaching up to 90-270$ per capita per annum. Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda control 6%, 49% and 45% of the lake surface. Lake catchment provides livelihood of 1/3 of the population of 3 countries with agricultural economy supported by fishing and agriculture (tea and coffee plantations).
Applications of GIS in Municipal Solid Waste ManagementVignesh Sekar
Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to input, store, retrieve, manipulate, analyze and output geographically referenced data. In order to support decision making for planning and management of land use, natural resources, environment, transportation, urban facilities, and other administrative records.The Role of GIS is very large as many aspects of its planning and operations are highly dependent on spatial data & also provides a digital data bank for future monitoring program of the site…….etc
Accurate and rapid big spatial data processing by scripting cartographic algo...Universität Salzburg
Accurate and rapid big spatial data processing by scripting cartographic algorithms: advanced seafloor mapping of the deep-sea trenches along the margins of the Pacific Ocean
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Brain Fingerprinting is a new computer-based technology to identify the perpetrator of a crime accurately and scientifically by measuring brain-wave responses to crime-relevant words or pictures presented on a computer screen. Brain Fingerprinting has proven 100% accurate in over 120 tests, including tests on FBI agents, tests for a US intelligence agency and for the US Navy, and tests on real-life situations including felony crimes. Brain fingerprinting is based on finding that the brain generates a unique brain wave pattern when a person encounters a familiar stimulus Use of functional magnetic resonance imaging in lie detection derives from studies suggesting that persons asked to lie show different patterns of brain activity than they do when being truthful. Issues related to the use of such evidence in courts are discussed. The author concludes that neither approach is currently supported by enough data regarding its accuracy in detecting deception to warrant use in court. In the field of criminology, a new lie detector has been developed in the United States of America. This is called “brain fingerprinting”. This invention is supposed to be the best lie detector available as on date and is said to detect even smooth criminals who pass the polygraph test (the conventional lie detector test) with ease. The new method employs brain waves, which are useful in detecting whether the person subjected to the test, remembers finer details of the crime. Even if the person willingly suppresses the necessary information, the brain wave is sure to trap him, according to the experts, who are very excited about the new kid on the block.
The Investigation Of Utilizing Rapeseed Flowers Oil As A Reliable Feedstock T...IJERA Editor
The world demand for energy in recent decade has been dramatic. Indeed, several hydrocarbons reservoirs are depleted around the world. Moreover, the using of fossil fuels for example, natural gas and coal is emitted high quantities of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to the environment that contributed in global worming phenomenon. Hence, many researchers and energy companies are attended and investigated to find out a new and reliable renewable energy source for example, biogas and biodiesel. Indeed, biodiesel can consider a reliable fuel due to many advantages for instance, reduce the global worming phenomenon, reduces carbon dioxide emissions and sustainable energy source. In fact, biodiesel can be produced from several resources for example, vegetable oil and animal fats. Rapeseed oil may consider a quite reliable and cheap source to produce biodiesel. Indeed, it has been observed that during the spring session in Iraqi Kurdistan region, wild rapeseed flowers are growing naturally in many cities of Iraqi Kurdistan for example, Sulaymaniyah, Ranya and Koya. The observed wild rapeseed flowers are produced considerable amounts of rape seed that can be invested to produced rapeseed oil and biodiesel. Therefore, this study is aimed to produce a reliable biodiesel from rapeseed flower oil by adopting transesterification reaction. Furthermore, this study has also applied process production parameters to find out the optimum operating conditions to produce biodiesel form the rapeseed oil for instance, amount of catalyst 1.25 % KOH and amount of methanol on biodiesel production yield about 7:1.Moreover, several laboratory tests for example, density, cloud point, pour point and cetane value have been applied for the produced biodiesel.
Growth Processes for a pulse of leptin in fasting human subjectsIJERA Editor
A meal-like transient hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, with a pulse of xamethasone, increased serum leptin levels from baseline by 54±21% at 9 h (P = 0.038). In the absence of transient hyperglycemia, leptin increased significantly after doses of both insulin and xamethasone. The effect of insulin was dose-dependent, with a larger increment of serum leptin at 9 h after the highest dose of insulin (75.2±15.7% vs 21.3±8.5%, P = 0.013). Fasting, with or without dexamethasone, resulted in a significant 20% decrease in leptin from morning basal levels. Conversely, the administration of a pulse of insulin and glucose, in the absence of dexamethasone, prevented the drop in serum leptin observed during fasting, regardless of the insulin dose or the serum glucose elevation. The permissive effect of dexamethasone, a single pulse of insulin triggered a rise in serum leptin in humans, even in the absence of transient hyperglycemia. A single pulse of insulin with glucose can prevent the drop in serum leptin normally observed during fasting. We also find the Growth Processes of Leptin
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
High Speed Memory Efficient Multiplier-less 1-D 9/7 Wavelet Filters Based NED...IJERA Editor
Conventional distributed arithmetic (DA) is popular in field programmable gate array (FPGA) design, and it
features on-chip ROM to achieve high speed and regularity. In this paper, we describe high speed area efficient
1-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) using 9/7 filter based new efficient distributed arithmetic (NEDA)
Technique. Being area efficient architecture free of ROM, multiplication, and subtraction, NEDA can also
expose the redundancy existing in the adder array consisting of entries of 0 and 1. This architecture supports any
size of image pixel value and any level of decomposition. The parallel structure has 100% hardware utilization
efficiency.
Studying and Comparing Sensing Capability of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes f...IJERA Editor
In this study sensing capability of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), of both zigzag (5, 0) and
armchair (4, 4) models were investigated for adsorption of O2 and N2 molecules were investigated using density
functional theory (DFT) method. Using this computational method, it is possible to obtain much more data to
apply in medical science and industrial technologies. Geometrical optimization have carried out using standard
set and B3LYP/6-311G* basis set of Gaussian 98 program. Those parts of SWCNT which have demonstrated
more contribution in adsorption energy, ΔEads (eV) were studied and compared. Electronic configurations were
discussed and the results were interpreted
Effects of Soil and Air Drying Methods on Soil Plasticity of Different Cities...IJERA Editor
Atterberg Limits were initially defined in 1911, by Albert Atterberg, a Swedish scientist. Their purposes are to classifying cohesive soils and determine engineering properties of soils. According to ASTM, all the soils tested by Atterberg limits should be oven dried, it is because drying the soils in different degree will alter their properties significantly. Some of the physical properties of soils will undergo changes that appear to be permanent. Therefore, the soil samples should be in natural or air-dried form. However, in reality, due to time constraint and other factors, many will run the tests by using soil samples that are prepared by oven drying method. They assumed that there is no difference between the results of two types of drying method. However, in reality, the properties of soil will be affected and thus give a misleading result. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of two drying methods, air-drying method and oven drying method, on the soil plasticity. Six soil samples from different cities were tested. These tests include sieve analysis, specific gravity test, hydrometer analysis, Plastic limit and liquid limit test. Conclusively, the oven drying method could not replace the air-drying method in soil preparation for both Atterberg limits tests.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Reduction of PAPR and Efficient detection ordering scheme for MIMO Transmissi...IJERA Editor
The technical challenges for communication engineers is the development of best performance wireless
networks with negligible amount of distortions. We have to consider multipath propagation attenuation and
radio spectrum inefficiency. Now a days, In MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) systems there is a huge demand
for the networks with the high transmission rates and better quality of service which are having low PAPR ratio.
Instead of OFDMA, filter banks are used in massive MIMO to reduce the complexity. But they are error prone
to noise. This base paper discusses about PAPR reduction in MIMO systems using different precoding based
OFDM systems. Mainly, minimization of multi-antenna systems by controlling the transmission power and
reduction of PAPR using ZC (Zadoff-Chu) matrix transform.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Amelioration of safety management in infrastructure projectsIJERA Editor
Accidents are a major public health concern, resulting in an estimated 1.2 million deaths and 50 million injuries
worldwide each year specifically, the relationships between drivers' characteristics and road accidents are not
fully understood. Many factors are involved in the accident occurrence at construction site. Some important
elements that create a significant portion of accidents include: safety management error, poor training programs,
human element, act of god, outdated procedure and no clear monitoring policy. Although some of these items
are inevitable, but the occurrence of the largest part can be prevented. Therefore, for ameliorating the safety in a
project each of these items should be analyzed and a practical approach introduced. In general, near miss,
incident and accident are three dependent levels that mainly lead to injury. Risk and hazard are allocated in first
level which means near miss, therefore, no on-time identification of hazard and risk causes to create incident
and preventing accident in incident stage is unavoidable.
Design the High Speed Kogge-Stone Adder by UsingIJERA Editor
In this Technical era the high speed and low area of VLSI chip are very- very essential factors. Day by day number of transistors and other active and passive elements are growing on VLSI chip. In Integral part of the processor adders play an important role. In this paper we are using proposed kogge-stone adders for binary addition to reduce the size and increase the efficiency or processors speed. Proposing kogge stone adder provides less components, less path delay and better speed compare to other existing kogge stone adder and other adders. Here we are comparing the kogge stone adders of different-different word size from other adders. The design and experiment can be done by the aid of Xilinx 14.1i Spartan 3 device family.
Assessment of sanitation levels of sources of water in Osun State Capital, Ni...IJERA Editor
A study of the physicochemical and bacteriological analysis including BOD and COD was carried out for sources of water in Oshogbo the Capital of the State of Osun. Seven water sampling areas were selected to cover the low, medium and high population density areas of the State Capital. Water samples were collected from five sources of water, namely, shallow well, borehole, stream, rain and river. Water samples were collected from the well, borehole and stream water sources from Dada Estate and Isale Oshun for low density population, Ayetoro, Ogo-Oluwa and Oke-Ayepe for medium density, and Oke-Bale and Igbona for high density population areas. Three sampling points were undertaken for the rain water source while River Oshun source at Isale-Oshun was the 25th water sampling point. A total of 25 water quality parameters were analyzed for each of the 25 water sources sampled using the facility at the Rural Water And Environmental Sanitation Agency, RUWESA in Osun State Government Secretariat in Abere. Results indicated that 8 of the water quality parameters, pH, Turbidity; Magnesium hardness, Free Chlorine, Nitrite, Bacteriological, BOD and COD were not within Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON) permitted water quality standards and are of concern to sanitation of potable water in the State Capital. The level of each parameter differs from source to source as well as from level of population densities. The sources that were adjudged polluted were Ogo-Oluwa and Oke-Ayepe well sources; Ogo-Oluwa, Oke-Bale and Igbona stream sources Oke-Bale Rain source.R and the River source at Isale-Oshun. The polluted sources are all within the medium and high population density areas of the State Capital.
Identification and Monitoring the Change of Land Use Pattern Using Remote Sen...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Dhaka is one of the fastest growing megacities of the world with a dense population over 15 million.
Being the capital of a developing country like Bangladesh, it is experiencing multi-dimensional problems such
as over urbanization, traffic congestion, water logging, solid waste disposal, black smoke from brick kilns and
industrial emissions, sound pollution, pollution of water bodies by industrial discharge and the newly added
calamity, building collapse. Dhaka is a sheer example of having poor legislative actions, inefficient
management and lack of public awareness, which leads the urbanization to an unplanned and resource
consuming development. This paper presents an integrated study of urbanization trends in Dhaka City,
Bangladesh, by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). This study explores
the land use change pattern of Dhaka City Corporation over 1990-2010, through interactive supervised land
cover classification using Landsat images by ArcGIS 10. The remotely detected land use/cover change from
1990 to 2010 shows that Dhaka is gradually changing as vegetative cover and open spaces have been
transformed into building areas, low land and water bodies into reclaimed built up lands. These changes are
mainly governed by unplanned urban expansion.
Keywords - ArcGIS 10.0, Dhaka City Corporation, GIS, Land Use Pattern, Remote Sensing
7 Journal of Life Sciences and Biomedicine (2710-4915 2710-3447).pdfPublisherNasir
Research article: Mapping of LC/LU changes inside the Agdam district of the Karabakh economics region applying object-based satellite image analysis
Author (s): A.A. Rasouli, M.M. Asgarova, S.H. Safarov pdf, doi.org/10.29228/jlsb.22
Monitoring and Landscape Quantification of Uncontrolled Urbanisation in Oasis Regions: The Case of Adrar City in Algeria
* 1 Dr. Assoule Dechaicha Image result for research orcid , 2 Assist. Prof. Adel Daikh Image result for research orcid , 3 Prof. Dr. Djamel Alkama Image result for research orcid
1, 2 and 3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, 8 May 1945 University, Guelma, Algeria
E-mail 2: dechaicha.assoul@univ-guelma.dz , E-mail 1: alkama.djamel@univ-guelma.dz
E-mail 3: daikh.adel@univ-guelma.dz
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 March 2021
Accepted 25 July 2021
Available online 12 August 2021
Keywords:
Uncontrolled Urbanisation,
Satellite Images,
Landscape Metrics,
Palm groves,
Oasis Ecosystem.
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, uncontrolled urbanisation is one of the major problems facing Algerian oasis regions. The monitoring and evaluation of its landscape transformations remain a key step for any oasis sustainability project. This study highlights the evolution of spatial growth in the city of Adrar in southern Algeria during the period 1986-2016 by establishing a Spatio-temporal mapping and landscape quantification. The methodological approach is based on a multi-temporal analysis of Landsat satellite images for 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016, and the application of landscape metrics. The results show two opposite spatial trends: significant growth of built-up areas against an excessive loss of palm groves. The landscape metrics allowed the identification of a progressive fragmentation process characterising the palm groves. Thus, the findings of this study show the utility of satellite imagery and landscape metrics approach for monitoring urbanisation patterns and assessing their impacts on oasis ecosystems.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 209-219.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Land Use/Land Cover Mapping Of Allahabad City by Using Remote Sensing & GIS IJMER
The present study was carried out to produce and evaluate the land use/land cover maps by on
screen visual interpretation. The studies of land cover of Allahabad city (study area) consist of 87517.47 ha
out of which 5500.35 ha is build up land (Urban / Rural) Area. In this respect, the Build up land (Urban /
Rural) area scorers 6.28% of the total area. It has also been found that about 17155.001ha (19.60 %) of
area is covered by current fallow land. The double/triple crop land of 30178.44ha (34.84%). The area
covered by gullied / ravines is 1539.20 ha (1.75 %) and that of the kharif crop land is 2828.00 ha (3.23 %).
The area covered by other wasteland is 2551.05ha (2.91%). Table 4.1 shows the area distribution of the
various land use and land cover of Allahabad city.
Land Cover maps supply information about the physical material at the surface of the Earth (i.e. grass, trees, bare ground, asphalt, water, etc.). Usually they are 2D representations so to present variability of land covers about latitude and longitude or other type of earth coordinates. Possibility to link this variability to the terrain elevation is very useful because it permits to investigate probable correlations between the type of physical material at the surface and the relief. This paper is aimed to describe the approach to be followed to obtain 3D visualizations of land cover maps in GIS (Geographic Information System) environment. Particularly Corine Land Cover vector files concerning Campania Region (Italy) are considered: transformed raster files are overlapped to DEM (Digital Elevation Model) with adequate resolution and 3D visualizations of them are obtained using GIS tool. The resulting models are discussed in terms of their possible use to support scientific studies on Campania Land Cover.
Remote sensing technology for disaster mitigation and regional infrastructure...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A Very high intensity of regional development is ubiquitous in urban areas. Therefore, urban development requires a proper spatial development strategy in many facets, especially social aspect and disaster potential. The essence of social aspect lies in the prevailing norms and local wisdom that have long existed and become the basis of community life. Inducing various effects on infrastructure development, disaster potential has to be considered as well. Disaster mitigation measures can start with the use of continually developing remote sensing technology, which provides a basis for preparing sustainable development planning. The realization of these measures in urban areas demands specific adjustment to the environmental conditions. This study aimed to examine the capacity of remote sensing data to support disaster mitigation and infrastructure planning based on energy conservation in urban areas. The results indicate that remote sensing technology can be an option for sustainable development planning in urban areas.
Land use/land cover classification using machine learning modelsIJECEIAES
An ensemble model has been proposed in this work by combining the extreme gradient boosting classification (XGBoost) model with support vector machine (SVM) for land use and land cover classification (LULCC). We have used the multispectral Landsat-8 operational land imager sensor (OLI) data with six spectral bands in the electromagnetic spectrum (EM). The area of study is the administrative boundary of the twin cities of Odisha. Data collected in 2020 is classified into seven land use classes/labels: river, canal, pond, forest, urban, agricultural land, and sand. Comparative assessments of the results of ten machine learning models are accomplished by computing the overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, producer accuracy and user accuracy. An ensemble classifier model makes the classification more precise than the other state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers.
Identification Of Ground Water Potential Zones In Tamil Nadu By Remote Sensin...IJERA Editor
A case study was conducted to find out the groundwater potential zones in Salem, Erode and Namakkal districts, Tamil Nadu, India with an aerial extent of 360.60 km2. The thematic maps such as geology, geomorphology, soil hydrological group, land use / land cover and drainage map were prepared for the study area. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been generated from the 10 m interval contour lines (which is derived from SOI, Toposheet 1:25000 scale) and obtained the slope (%) of the study area. The groundwater potential zones were obtained by overlaying all the thematic maps in terms of weighted overlay methods using the spatial analysis tool in Arc GIS 9.3. During weighted overlay analysis, the ranking has been given for each individual parameter of each thematic map and weights were assigned according to the influence such as soil −25%, geomorphology − 25%, land use/land cover −25%, slope − 15%, lineament − 5% and drainage / streams − 5% and find out the potential zones in terms of good, moderate and poor zones with the area of 49.70 km2, 261.61 km2 and 46.04 km2 respectively. The potential zone wise study area was overlaid with village boundary map and the village wise groundwater potential zones with three categories such as good, moderate and poor zones were obtained. This GIS based output result was validated by conducting field survey by randomly selecting wells in different villages using GPS instruments. The coordinates of each well location were obtained by GPS and plotted in the GIS platform and it was clearly shown that the well coordinates were exactly seated with the classified zones.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water Industry Process Automation and Control Monthly - May 2024.pdf
Gisand Remote Sensing Applied To Land Use ChangeOf The Prefecture Of CASABLANCA, Morocco From 1986 Until 2011
1. Ikram Loukili et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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Gisand Remote Sensing Applied To Land Use ChangeOf The Prefecture Of CASABLANCA, Morocco From 1986 Until 2011 Ikram Loukili¹,², Saida El Moutaki¹, Abdessamad Ghafiri¹, Mustapha El Hakdaoui¹ ¹(Laboratory of applied geology geomatics and environment,University Hassan II- Mohammedia). ²(Prefecture of Sidi Othmane-Moulay Rachid, Casablanca). ABSTRACT The population and urbanization of Morocco are increasing very rapidly. They have risenin large cities due to heavy immigration rate from rural areas to accessjob opportunities, better education, and better health facilities. Casablanca has the most affected land use changes in Morocco because of the immigration. This paper presents anintegrated study of land use change in this city from 1986 until 2011 using topographic map sheets (1986) and satellite image (2011). The layers of landuse map (1986) were obtainedby digitization technique in ARCGIS 9.3 software. Supervised classification methodology has been employed using maximum likelihood technique in ERDAS IMAGINE (2011) to extract from the satellite image four classes which were categorized into, built-up area, public green spaces, agricultural land and water bodies. The totalarea of each class was estimated by using geometry tools of ArcGISsoftware to compare land use changes between 1986 and 2011.
Keywords: land use change, Remote sensing, GIS, Casablanca.
I. INTRODUCTION
Casablanca or "Casa" in the ordinary sense is the metropolis of the kingdom, Morocco's economic capital and the engine of the nation. According to the High Commission of Planning this city alone had 21,3 % of the national GDP in 2004, more than that Casablanca is considered the gateway to modernity with an industrial share of 32% from the sector and 49% of overall sales[1]. Its port plays a major role in the national economy with a transit value of goods estimated at 100 billion dirhams per year [2] and its international airport is considered the first in the countrywith approximately 7 million passengers passing through the airport each year[3].
That’s whyCasablanca is the biggest and the most populated city in Morocco. Its geographical position and its economic activities attract more and more foreign, urban and rural population. In 1900 the population of Casablanca represented by the old Medina was about 20 000 inhabitants dispatched on a space of 47 ha [4] while its population is about 3.3 million people in 2004 [5].That’s why Casablanca has known a very big change in the land use but the researches about these changes haven’t began just recently, they have been based on GIS and REMOTE SENSING and they didn’t touch just a particular points.In 2010 Bachir Alami et al have simulated the flood risk of Bouskoura river which is integrated in the Casablanca city on the segment of Nassim- Azbane[6].GADAL has worked about Urbanization and population Dynamics of Casablanca between 1994 and 2002[7].Rhinane et al, in 2011 identified and qualified slums in Casablanca in an attempt to facilitate the monitoring and mapping tasks of Cities without Slums, a Moroccan government program launched in 2005[8]. Another time, Rhinane et al. in 2012 estimated the ground temperature in order to identify theformation of is- lands of warmth or coolness which occur in the urban municipalities of Casablanca[9]. The purpose of this work is to qualify and quantify the land use changes of Casablanca between 1986 and 2011 (Built-up areas, Green spaces, Water bodies, Agricultural grounds and careers) using as the projects below GIS and REMOTE SENSING.
II. STUDY AREA
The prefecture of Casablanca is the central part of the Wilaya of Greater Casablanca (figure 1); it is located on the Atlantic coast in the northwest of Moroccoon north latitude of 33°35 and a west longitude of 7°25. The total surface of the study area is 219,00 sq.km, its coastline stretches over 27 kilometers. Its position on the Atlantic Ocean plays a moderatingrole in all the climatic elements. The average temperatures are 12,4°C in winter and 22,9°C in summer with a temperate and humid climate. The average annual rainfalls are between 300 and 500 mm [10].
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
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Figure 1: Study area map of the prefecture of Casablanca.
III. DATA AND METHODS
3.1 DATA
In this study two different data’s were used in order to estimate the land use (LU) changes of the prefecture of Casablanca from 1986 until 2011: Topographic map sheets (1986) and a SPOT5 satellite image with a resolution of 4 m (2011). The information was extracted from the topographic map sheets using digitizing tools in ARC-GIS 9.3, the layers of built-up area, public green spaces, water bodies and agricultural lands were compared to the results given by the supervised classification applied to the satellite image of Casablanca. Many other data’s were used in order to verify and validate the exactitude of the given information.The used data’s are listed in the following table
Table1: The used data’s of the study area.
3.2METHODS 3.2.1 Geo-referencing and Image subset Five topographic maps of 1986 of scale of 1/50000 ,represents Casablanca and surrounding areas (Casablanca, Berrechid, Birjdid, Oulad ziane and Mohammedia), were required to cover the entire study area. Allmaps were georeferenced according to the geographical coordinate system of Merchich- Zone 1 and the Lambert Conformal Conic projection. The quadratic average error was verified and it matched well the norms. After georeferencing topographical maps, the mosaic option is used in the arc toolbox in order to gather these maps on a one raster imagine extension. Then the data management tools and the spatial analyst tools were used to cut the maps on the actual administrative division of the prefecture of Casablanca.
DATA TYPE
YEAR
PROCEDURE
OUTPUT
Topographic map sheets of Casablanca, Berrechid, Birjdid, Oulad ziane and Mohammedia 1/50000
1986
Digitizing
-Built-up area. -Agriculture lands. -Green spaces. -Water bodies.
Administrative division of the prefecture of Casablanca
2013
Scaling cards
Administrative limits of Casablanca
Land sat TM image of Casablanca (30m)
1986
Observing and comparing
Agriculture limit in 1986
Topographic map sheets of Casablanca 1/10.000
2006
Observing and comparing
Green spaces and water bodies
SPOT 5SAT image of Casablanca (4m)
2011
Supervised classification
-Built-up area. -Agriculture lands. -Green spaces. -Water bodies.
Topographic map sheet of Casablanca 1/25 000
2011
Observing and comparing
Green spaces and water bodies
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For the satellite spot image which is projected in the WGS 84 geographical system, it was georegistered to a common coordinate reference system with topographic sheet (Merchich-Zone 1) using the reproject option in the ERDAS IMAGINE 2011. Then it was exported into ARGIS 9.3 where it was cut on the zoning of the prefecture of Casablanca. 3.2.2 Heads-up digitization Heads-up digitizing is similar to manual digitizing tracing the features by computer screen using the scanned raster image as backdrop. Five classes detailed in the table below were digitized on the topographic sheet of 1986 and stored on a shapefile.
Class Description
Description
Built-up area
Includes all residential, institutional, commercial, and industrial building, Airport, port etc…
Green public spaces
Includes all the public parks, gardens, urban green spaces and sport and leisure equipment’s
Water bodies
Includes lakes, rivers and wetlands
Agricultural grounds
Including agricultural and pasture grasslands in addition to arable lands....
Careers
Including careers which existed in 1986 and are till now.
Table2:Land use classes and description
3.2.3 Supervised classification After importing the satellite image in the ERDAS IMAGINE 2011, it was classified, and the same classes as above were generated: built-up areas, agriculture lands, green spaces and water bodies. The classification technique that was usedis The Gaussian Maximum Likelihood classifier (GMLC) it quantitatively evaluates both the variance and covariance of the category spectral response patterns when classifying an unknown pixel, assuming the distribution of data points to be Gaussian. The distribution of a category response pattern can be completely described by the mean vector and the covariance matrix. The statistical probability of a given pixel value being a member of a particular class are computed. After evaluating the probability in each category, the pixel is assigned to the most likely class (highest probability value) [11].This method was used in many papers in order to study the urban sprawl of cities[12,13,14]. The results given by this classification were verified within the topographic map sheets of 2006 and 2011.
IV. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The final output is an overview of the land use of the prefecture of Casablanca for 1986 and 2011 (Figure 2 and3).
Figure2: Study area land use 1986
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Figure3: Study area land use 2011
The surfaces of all classes were calculated and they were graphically represented (Figure 4 and 5). Figure4:Distribution of Land usemap 1986
Figure5:Distribution of Land usemap2011
The statistics of change of land use are showed inTable 3.
Land use class
Land use 1986 (sq.km)
Land use 2011 (sq.km)
Difference (sq.km)
Change %
Built-up area
107,16
168,47
61,31
57,21
Agriculture
104,17
41,5
-62,67
-60,16
Urban public green spaces
2,04
3,9
1,86
91,17
Water bodies
0,61
0,36
-0,25
-40,98
careers
2,42
2,17
-0,25
-10,33
Table3: Summary of land use classification area statistics for 1986 and 2011. The built-up area changed from 107, 16 sq.km in 1986 to 168, 47 in 2011, an increase of 57, 21%. This increase in the built-up area is due to the rapid demographic growth and to the rural exodus. In additionto the metropolisation and the mobilization of the inhabitants to the secondary urban centers located in the immediate proximity of Casablanca.
According to the statistics given by the World Bank report of 2011Casablanca will know an increase of 1, 5 million inhabitants in the horizon of 2030, and a need of housingbetween 750 000 and one
land use 1986
built-up area
agriculture
Green spaces
water bodies
Carrers
land use 2011
built-up area
agriculture
Green spaces
water bodies
Carrers
0
Agriculture
Urban green spaces
Water
Carrers
Built-up
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million, as a resultthe rise of the built-up areas will be more and more important thing that will affect directly the agricultural area that is already ravaged by the urbanization sprawl[15]. Urban expansion from 1986 to 2011 revealed that urbanization mainly occurs on the account of agricultural soils that doesn’t represent more than 41,5sq. km in 2011 instead of 104,17 sq. km in 1986, it means a percentage change of 60,16%. The agricultural lands are a victim of the urbanization sprawl of the city of Casablanca thing that can be even worst in the future. Many urban parks exist in Casablanca we can say as examples the most important that of la LigueArabe (28 ha), l’Hermitage (15 ha), Murdoch (6 ha) and Sindibad park(40ha) adding to this some parks which are next to administrative prefectures like Hay Hassani, Ben M’Sick and Ain Sebaa. From 1986 until 2011the total surface of public green spaces increases from 2,04 to 3,9 sq. km in a total surface of 219,00sq.kma percentage change of 91%. However, the number of sq.m/inhabitant doesn’t exceed 1.3sqm/inhabitant, largely low to12 sq.m/inhabitant given by the IOH (International organization of health)[16]. The public authority are in conscience of the actual problem as it was declared in a speech with one of the Casablanca responsibles[17] and this explains the efforts and the launch of several projects in some provinces aiming at achieving several parks and green spaces for the benefit of citizens. The water bodies has known a decrease of 40.98%,from 1986 to 2011. Period during which several wetlands have disappeared.The most known ones that exist in 2011 areSindibad Lake, Dayat El oulfa, the source of Sidi Bernoussi and the river of Bouskoura for which the flow section in its passage through the town is very small. The work of Bachir Alami etal. in 2011on the river, has allowed to carry out a flood map and thus locate areas at risk. InCasablanca, the majority of ancient sources identified in 1986 as Aîn Diab, Aîn Sebâa and AinChokdisappeared,Some are being engaged in the sanitation network like the source of Sidi Bernoussi,results that are in accordance with the results given by the economist source[18].
Regarding careers, they are about 91 in the greater Casablanca including those which are active and also the non-active ones, they have played an important role in the demographic development of Casablanca which required a huge need of construction materials (aggregates, cement, stones ...). In 1986, the majority stood on the edge of the town, while in 2011, they are in an urban setting. Besides the career of Sidi Abderrahman, that of Thomas, and Ahl al Oughlam, which currently constitute the "archaeological park of the city" some have been transformed into landfills such as Mediouna, others for the majority witnessed the proliferation of slums around the site by a population from the rural exodus.[19]
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, land use changes in Casablanca, Morocco were evaluated using GIS and remote sensing based on 1986 topographic sheet and Spot image sat of 2011. The results indicate that the changes observed on public green spaces, water bodies and careers are not significant reduced to the total area of the city (219 sq.km).But the main changes observed for this time period is that of urban area and agriculture. Indeed, in 1986, urban area and agricultural land was divided almost the entire surface of Casablanca respectively 107 and 104sq.km. In 2011, urban area was dramatically increased about 61sq.km, in contrast agricultural land was decrease about62 sq.km. In other words, for a quarter century more than a quarter of land use of Casablanca changed corresponding to half of the area for agriculture in 1986 which was converted into settlements. The most significant reason for this is the establishment of a steering urban development scheme in 1985 which define over a period of 25 years the major axes of the future development of Casablanca and extend the urban area with 215,00 sq.km in the great Casablanca at the expense of the rural area. To this is added the launch in 1998 of the program of 200,000 homes per year to absorb the growing demand for social housing and give houses to slum residents. In the future, the development planned for the city of Casablanca by SDAU2010is that of urban growth from peripherique poles. Therefore, future studies of land use of the city of Casablanca should include satellite towns like provinceNouaceur, Mediouna,prefectureof Mohammedia and Dar Bouazza.
REFERENCES
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