This document summarizes a study on the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) made with different percentages of fly ash replacement. The key points are:
1) SCC mixes were made with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% cement replacement by fly ash. Fresh properties like slump flow and passing ability generally increased with higher fly ash content.
2) Hardened properties like compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength generally decreased with higher fly ash content compared to the control mix, though the 30% replacement mix performed best.
3) Durability properties like acid resistance and saturated water absorption improved with increasing fly ash content, indicating fly ash increases concrete imper
A Study on self-Compacting Concrete Using Portland Slag Cement with Partial R...IJERA Editor
Concrete plays a vital role as a construction material in the world. In the present scenario, waste materials from various industries are added to the mix. Over 400 million tons of waste materials are being produced by various industries every year. Foundries successfully recycle and reuse the sand many times in a foundry. When the sand can no longer be reused in the foundry, it is removed from the foundry and is termed as Foundry sand. Foundry sand production is nearly 6 to 10 million tons annually. There is a possibility of substituting natural fine aggregate with waste foundry sand which offers technical, economic and environmental advantages which are of great use in the construction sector. The construction industry is now slowly becoming aware of the environmental issues and other sustainable development issues for cement and concrete industries. It is looking for the ways and means to develop building products, which will increase the life span and quality. This thesis presents an experimental investigation on strength aspects like compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of Self Compacting Concrete (SSC) containing an industrial waste foundry sand. It is used as fine aggregate in varying proportions, replacing the fine aggregate with foundry sand as percentages of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. For this green SCC, all SCC tests are performed as per EFNARC guidelines i.e. slump flow, L-box, V funnel and T50 tests are carried out.
To Study the Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate ...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper investigates the study of workability and durability characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with Viscosity Modifying Admixture (VMA), and containing fly ash. The mix design for SCC was arrived as per the Guidelines of European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC). In this investigation, SCC was made by usual ingredients such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, mineral admixture fly ash and demolished concrete at various replacement levels (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). To enhance the property of SCC made with the use of demolish concrete and fly ash, glass fiber has been added to the mix. Glass fiber in various % (i.e. 0.15%, 0.20% 0.30%, of Wt. of cement) has been added in the mix which contain demolish concrete and gave highest strength i.e. (10% demolish concrete).
• Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
• Information Engineering and Technology,
• Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
• Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
• Material and Chemical Engineering,
• Civil and Architecture Engineering,
• Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
• Environmental Engineering,
• Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
• Marine and Agriculture engineering,
• Aerospace Engineering.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
This research represents an experimental study on influence of urea on concrete through various tests on urea, cement, concrete and water. Test of finesses modulus, slump test, carbonation test, pH test, urea ingression test and increase in strength with urea percentage .This study deals to overcome three major problems in the concrete namely heat of hydration, permeability, and corrosion of steel bar embedded in concrete. Urea can generally reduce the temperature of concrete both at casting phase and during the procedure of hydration. Urea does not opposite effect the durability of reinforced concrete, except where there is an accumulation of urea crystal growth. Er. Babita | Mr. Ravi Prakash Sharma | Mr. Vikram | Dr. D. K. Gupta ""Influence of Urea on Concrete"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30172.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30172/influence-of-urea-on-concrete/er-babita
A Study on self-Compacting Concrete Using Portland Slag Cement with Partial R...IJERA Editor
Concrete plays a vital role as a construction material in the world. In the present scenario, waste materials from various industries are added to the mix. Over 400 million tons of waste materials are being produced by various industries every year. Foundries successfully recycle and reuse the sand many times in a foundry. When the sand can no longer be reused in the foundry, it is removed from the foundry and is termed as Foundry sand. Foundry sand production is nearly 6 to 10 million tons annually. There is a possibility of substituting natural fine aggregate with waste foundry sand which offers technical, economic and environmental advantages which are of great use in the construction sector. The construction industry is now slowly becoming aware of the environmental issues and other sustainable development issues for cement and concrete industries. It is looking for the ways and means to develop building products, which will increase the life span and quality. This thesis presents an experimental investigation on strength aspects like compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of Self Compacting Concrete (SSC) containing an industrial waste foundry sand. It is used as fine aggregate in varying proportions, replacing the fine aggregate with foundry sand as percentages of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. For this green SCC, all SCC tests are performed as per EFNARC guidelines i.e. slump flow, L-box, V funnel and T50 tests are carried out.
To Study the Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate ...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper investigates the study of workability and durability characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with Viscosity Modifying Admixture (VMA), and containing fly ash. The mix design for SCC was arrived as per the Guidelines of European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC). In this investigation, SCC was made by usual ingredients such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, mineral admixture fly ash and demolished concrete at various replacement levels (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). To enhance the property of SCC made with the use of demolish concrete and fly ash, glass fiber has been added to the mix. Glass fiber in various % (i.e. 0.15%, 0.20% 0.30%, of Wt. of cement) has been added in the mix which contain demolish concrete and gave highest strength i.e. (10% demolish concrete).
• Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
• Information Engineering and Technology,
• Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
• Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
• Material and Chemical Engineering,
• Civil and Architecture Engineering,
• Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
• Environmental Engineering,
• Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
• Marine and Agriculture engineering,
• Aerospace Engineering.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
This research represents an experimental study on influence of urea on concrete through various tests on urea, cement, concrete and water. Test of finesses modulus, slump test, carbonation test, pH test, urea ingression test and increase in strength with urea percentage .This study deals to overcome three major problems in the concrete namely heat of hydration, permeability, and corrosion of steel bar embedded in concrete. Urea can generally reduce the temperature of concrete both at casting phase and during the procedure of hydration. Urea does not opposite effect the durability of reinforced concrete, except where there is an accumulation of urea crystal growth. Er. Babita | Mr. Ravi Prakash Sharma | Mr. Vikram | Dr. D. K. Gupta ""Influence of Urea on Concrete"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30172.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30172/influence-of-urea-on-concrete/er-babita
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
UTILIZATION OF RICE HUSK ASH AS A POZZOLAN IN SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE IAEME Publication
The utilization of industrial and agricultural waste can be used as a pozzolanic material in Self-consolidating concrete, as the name a concrete that completely fills the formwork under its own weight without using compaction vibrator by maintaining the homogeneity of concrete. Self-compacting concrete is to resist deformability and segregation in concrete. Deformability known as flow ability is the ability of self-compacting concrete to deform under its own weight without any obstructions. On the other hand segregation resistance is the ability to maintain the homogeneous matrix in between concrete while casting concrete.
The study explores the use of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) to increase the amount of fines and hence achieve self-compact ability in an economical way. The pozzolan used in this research was rice husk under the ASTM standard C618 (Class N). The study focuses on comparison of fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete containing varying amount of 0%, 5% and 10% RHA with dosage of viscosity modifying agent of 2% to 4.5% as an admixture. The comparison is done at different dosages of super-plasticizer keeping cement, water, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate contents constant.
The fresh properties of SCC for flow spread shows that by increasing the amount of RHA the spread decreases. The V-funnel at T=5 min showed that increase in RHA and decrease in super plasticizer high, segregation is resisted at higher content of RHA. Beside this the 10% rice husk ash at 4% super plasticizer proved the higher compressive strength as compared to other mixes. The study concluded that the SCC produced utilizing RHA is more durable than the similar concrete utilizing commercially available admixture.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Flow time analysis of blended mixes using Marsh cone apparatusAbdulRazakBH
Abstract -Admixture-Cement interaction in concrete is a complex blend of chemical and physical mechanism that are independent. Every admixture at optimum dosage gives better results when used with cement. The proposed research is aimed to study the compatibility of super plasticizer with different types of blended cements by investigatingflow time value. The present work is to study the behaviour of blended mixes (OPC+GGBS+ALCCOFINE) with the PCE (poly carboxylic ether) based admixtures at various dosages of both GGB,ALCCOFINE and chemical admixture. It was observed that most of the blended mixes were compatible with PCE based admixtures at dosages of around 3%. Increase in flow time has been observed with the addition of ALCCOFINE.
Key Words: GGBS, ALCCOFINE, PCE based admixture, Compatibility
STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF M20 CONCRETE ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF SAND USING...IJARIDEA Journal
Abstract— Cement is known as a building material for the present century and fractional substitution of fine total gives potential ecological and additionally monetary advantages for development industry. The incomplete substitution of sand utilizing steel slag has all the earmarks of being a promising arrangement in quality attributes of M20 cement. The primary goal of the venture is to investigate the conduct of compressive quality with fractional substitution of sand utilizing steel slag at 20,40 and ideal replacement. In this venture we contrast the consequence of ordinary concrete and halfway supplanted concrete. The ideal rate supplanting of sand with steel slag was wanted to embed in the development of compound divider, JAYA ILLAMS, JAYASRI build and contractual worker Madurai. The aggregate length of compound divider is 15m with tallness 1.5m was outlined by utilizing steel in development industry, the shot of getting contamination because of slag will be diminished and it will be the savvy strategy for development industry.
Keywords— Portland Cement concrete, Steel Slag, Supplanted Concrete.
An Experimental Study on Durability of Concrete Using Fly Ash & GGBS for M30 ...IJERD Editor
Concrete when subjected to severe environments its durability can significantly decline due to
degradation. Degradation of concrete structures by corrosion is a serious problem and has major economic
implications. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the durability of concrete using the mineral
admixtures like Fly Ash & Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) for M30 grade concrete.Cube
Specimens were casted and are immersed in normal water, sea water, H2SO4 of various concentrations and were
tested after 7 days, 28 days & 60 days.
RESIDUAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE AT ELEVATED TEMPERA...Ijripublishers Ijri
The extensive use of concrete as a structural material for the high rise buildings, storage tanks, nuclear reactors and
pressure vessels increase the risk of concrete being exposed to high temperatures. This has led to a demand to improve
the understanding of the effect of temperature on concrete. The behavior of concrete exposed to high temperature is a
result of many factors including the exposed environment and constituent materials.
Concrete structures are exposed to fire when a fire accident occurs. Damage in concrete structures due to fire depends
to a great extent on the intensity and duration of fire. The distress in the concrete manifests in the form of cracking and
spalling of the concrete surface.
Study of Mechanical Properties in SCC by Blending Cement Partially With Fly A...IJSRD
The development of self-compacting concrete has been one of the most important materials in the modern building industry. The purpose of this concrete concept is to decrease the risk due to human factor. The use of SCC is spreading worldwide because of its very attractive properties. In the present investigation Blended SCC is the one in which some percentage of cement content used for the concrete is replaced by any of the mineral admixtures. Here, the present study to development of blended self-compacting concrete by replaced in the mineral admixtures using Fly ash 0-30% and metakaolin 0-30% as the weight of cement. Study the rheological properties and mechanical properties of developed blended SCC mixes in the laboratory condition and different curing ages. In recent years, many researchers have established that the use of supplementary cementatious materials (SCMs) like blast furnace slag, silica fume, metakaolin (MK), fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA) etc. can, not only improve the various properties of concrete both in its fresh and hardened states, but also can contribute to economy in construction costsruning.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
- In the present scenario carbon emission and sand
mining are major concern due to its hazardous effect to
environment and making serious imbalance to the ecosystem.
Various studies have been conducted to reduce severe effect on
environment, using byproducts like copper slag as partial
replacement of fine aggregate. Different researchers have also
revealed numerous uses of copper slag as a replacing agent in
determining the strength of concrete. A comprehensive review of
studies has been presented in this paper for scope of replacement
of fine aggregate from copper slag in concrete
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
UTILIZATION OF RICE HUSK ASH AS A POZZOLAN IN SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE IAEME Publication
The utilization of industrial and agricultural waste can be used as a pozzolanic material in Self-consolidating concrete, as the name a concrete that completely fills the formwork under its own weight without using compaction vibrator by maintaining the homogeneity of concrete. Self-compacting concrete is to resist deformability and segregation in concrete. Deformability known as flow ability is the ability of self-compacting concrete to deform under its own weight without any obstructions. On the other hand segregation resistance is the ability to maintain the homogeneous matrix in between concrete while casting concrete.
The study explores the use of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) to increase the amount of fines and hence achieve self-compact ability in an economical way. The pozzolan used in this research was rice husk under the ASTM standard C618 (Class N). The study focuses on comparison of fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete containing varying amount of 0%, 5% and 10% RHA with dosage of viscosity modifying agent of 2% to 4.5% as an admixture. The comparison is done at different dosages of super-plasticizer keeping cement, water, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate contents constant.
The fresh properties of SCC for flow spread shows that by increasing the amount of RHA the spread decreases. The V-funnel at T=5 min showed that increase in RHA and decrease in super plasticizer high, segregation is resisted at higher content of RHA. Beside this the 10% rice husk ash at 4% super plasticizer proved the higher compressive strength as compared to other mixes. The study concluded that the SCC produced utilizing RHA is more durable than the similar concrete utilizing commercially available admixture.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Flow time analysis of blended mixes using Marsh cone apparatusAbdulRazakBH
Abstract -Admixture-Cement interaction in concrete is a complex blend of chemical and physical mechanism that are independent. Every admixture at optimum dosage gives better results when used with cement. The proposed research is aimed to study the compatibility of super plasticizer with different types of blended cements by investigatingflow time value. The present work is to study the behaviour of blended mixes (OPC+GGBS+ALCCOFINE) with the PCE (poly carboxylic ether) based admixtures at various dosages of both GGB,ALCCOFINE and chemical admixture. It was observed that most of the blended mixes were compatible with PCE based admixtures at dosages of around 3%. Increase in flow time has been observed with the addition of ALCCOFINE.
Key Words: GGBS, ALCCOFINE, PCE based admixture, Compatibility
STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF M20 CONCRETE ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF SAND USING...IJARIDEA Journal
Abstract— Cement is known as a building material for the present century and fractional substitution of fine total gives potential ecological and additionally monetary advantages for development industry. The incomplete substitution of sand utilizing steel slag has all the earmarks of being a promising arrangement in quality attributes of M20 cement. The primary goal of the venture is to investigate the conduct of compressive quality with fractional substitution of sand utilizing steel slag at 20,40 and ideal replacement. In this venture we contrast the consequence of ordinary concrete and halfway supplanted concrete. The ideal rate supplanting of sand with steel slag was wanted to embed in the development of compound divider, JAYA ILLAMS, JAYASRI build and contractual worker Madurai. The aggregate length of compound divider is 15m with tallness 1.5m was outlined by utilizing steel in development industry, the shot of getting contamination because of slag will be diminished and it will be the savvy strategy for development industry.
Keywords— Portland Cement concrete, Steel Slag, Supplanted Concrete.
An Experimental Study on Durability of Concrete Using Fly Ash & GGBS for M30 ...IJERD Editor
Concrete when subjected to severe environments its durability can significantly decline due to
degradation. Degradation of concrete structures by corrosion is a serious problem and has major economic
implications. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the durability of concrete using the mineral
admixtures like Fly Ash & Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) for M30 grade concrete.Cube
Specimens were casted and are immersed in normal water, sea water, H2SO4 of various concentrations and were
tested after 7 days, 28 days & 60 days.
RESIDUAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE AT ELEVATED TEMPERA...Ijripublishers Ijri
The extensive use of concrete as a structural material for the high rise buildings, storage tanks, nuclear reactors and
pressure vessels increase the risk of concrete being exposed to high temperatures. This has led to a demand to improve
the understanding of the effect of temperature on concrete. The behavior of concrete exposed to high temperature is a
result of many factors including the exposed environment and constituent materials.
Concrete structures are exposed to fire when a fire accident occurs. Damage in concrete structures due to fire depends
to a great extent on the intensity and duration of fire. The distress in the concrete manifests in the form of cracking and
spalling of the concrete surface.
Study of Mechanical Properties in SCC by Blending Cement Partially With Fly A...IJSRD
The development of self-compacting concrete has been one of the most important materials in the modern building industry. The purpose of this concrete concept is to decrease the risk due to human factor. The use of SCC is spreading worldwide because of its very attractive properties. In the present investigation Blended SCC is the one in which some percentage of cement content used for the concrete is replaced by any of the mineral admixtures. Here, the present study to development of blended self-compacting concrete by replaced in the mineral admixtures using Fly ash 0-30% and metakaolin 0-30% as the weight of cement. Study the rheological properties and mechanical properties of developed blended SCC mixes in the laboratory condition and different curing ages. In recent years, many researchers have established that the use of supplementary cementatious materials (SCMs) like blast furnace slag, silica fume, metakaolin (MK), fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA) etc. can, not only improve the various properties of concrete both in its fresh and hardened states, but also can contribute to economy in construction costsruning.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
- In the present scenario carbon emission and sand
mining are major concern due to its hazardous effect to
environment and making serious imbalance to the ecosystem.
Various studies have been conducted to reduce severe effect on
environment, using byproducts like copper slag as partial
replacement of fine aggregate. Different researchers have also
revealed numerous uses of copper slag as a replacing agent in
determining the strength of concrete. A comprehensive review of
studies has been presented in this paper for scope of replacement
of fine aggregate from copper slag in concrete
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Due to growing environmental awareness, as well as stricter regulations on managing industrial waste, the world is increasingly turning to researching properties of industrial waste and finding solutions on using its valuable component parts so that those might be used as secondary raw material in other industrial branches. Although iron and steel slag is still today considered waste and is categorized in industrial waste catalogues in most countries in the world, it is most definitely not waste, neither by its physical and chemical properties nor according to data on its use as valuable material for different purposes. Moreover, since the earliest times of the discovery and development of processes of iron and other metals production, slag as by-product is used for satisfying diverse human needs, from the production of medicines and agro-technical agents to production of cement and construction element. Considering the specificity of physical and chemical properties of metallurgical slags and a series of possibilities for their use in other industrial branches and in the field of civil constructions, this report demonstrates the possibilities of using iron slag as partial replacement of sand in concrete. Iron and steel making slag are by products of the iron making and steel making processes. To date, these types of slag have been widely used in cement and as aggregate for civil works. The report presents an investigation of mechanical and durability properties of concrete by adding iron slag as replacement of sand in various percentages. The results show that the strength properties of concrete increase significantly when sand is partially replaced by iron slag.
Experimental investigation on effect of mineral admixtures on high performanc...eSAT Journals
Abstract Now a day's high performance concrete is globally used in the infrastructure industry for strong and durable structure, to produced high performance concrete various supplementary cementitious material are used as mineral admixture. This research involves the use of Fly ash, Alccofine and Silica fume at various proportions to enhance the compressive strength of high performance concrete. the investigation was carried out by replacing 10% fly ash along with 17% of alccofine and 10% fly ash along with 17% of silica fume by weight of cementitious material. To cover a wide range of compressive strength of concrete various water binder ratio (W/b) of 0.25, 0.3 and 0.35 were used. The effect of various parameters such as percentage replacement of mineral admixture, water to binder ratio and corresponding compressive strength is studied on fresh and hardened state of concrete. The study mainly consisted of establishing relation between these parameters graphically. Investigation demonstrates that alcofine performs batter than that of silica fume along with fly ash in fresh and harden state of concrete. Keywords: High Performance Concrete, Fly Ash, Alccofine, Silica Fume, workability, Compressive strength
STUDY OF MACRO LEVEL PROPERTIES OF SCC USING SILICA FUME AND FLY ASH BY USING...IAEME Publication
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and
utilization of industrial by products. Many power plants and electro static precipitators will
produce millions of tons waste powder every year. Having considerable high degree of
fineness in comparison to cement this material may be utilized as a partial replacement to
cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using fly
ash powder in the production of SCC with combined use SILICAFUME and how it affects the
fresh and mechanical properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with SILICA
FUME in 10% and fly ash powder is blended to mix in percentage like 25% as a partial
replacement to cement. Here we use manufacture sand as fine aggregate. By taking fineness
modulus 2.5,2.7,2.9 .Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 10% SILICA
FUME and 25% fly ash powder with fineness modulus 2.7 satisfies filling ability and passing
ability and hardened properties are also in the limits prescribed by the EFNARC.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- High Performance Concrete by using M Sand with Admixture 300
J48077280
1. S. Mahesh Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 8( Version 7), August 2014, pp.72-80
www.ijera.com 72 | P a g e
Self Compacting Concrete And Its Properties S. Mahesh (M.Tech), Asst. Professor, Department Of Civil Engineering, Dadi Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Anakapalle, Visakhapatnam ABSTRACT Self-compacting concrete (SCC), which flows under its own weight and doesn’t require any external vibration for compaction, has revolutionized concrete placement. Such concrete should have relatively low yield value to ensure high flow ability, a moderate viscosity to resists segregation and bleeding and must maintain its homogeneity during transportation, placing and curing to ensure adequate structural performance and long term durability. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be defined as a fresh concrete which possesses superior flow ability under maintained stability (i.e. no segregation) thus allowing self-compaction that is, material consolidation without addition of energy. Self-compacting concrete is a fluid mixture suitable for placing in structures with Congested reinforcement without vibration and it helps in achieving higher quality of surface finishes. However utilization of high reactive Metakaolin and Flyash asan admixtures as an effective pozzolan which causes great improvement in the porestructure. The relative proportions of key components are considered by volumerather than by mass. self compacting concrete (SCC) mix design with 29% of coarse aggregate, replacement of cement with Metakaolin and class F flyash, combinations of both and controlled SCC mix with 0.36 water/cementitious ratio(by weight) and388 litre/m3 of cement paste volume. Crushed granite stones of size 16mm and12.5mm are used with a blending 60:40 by percentage weight of total coarse aggregate. Self-compacting concrete compactibility is affected by the characteristics of materials and the mix proportions; it becomes necessary to evolve a procedure formix design of SCC. The properties of different constituent materials used in this investigation and its standard tests procedures for acceptance characteristics of self compacting concrete such as slump flow, V-funnel and L-Box are presented. KEYWORDS: Self Compacting Concrete, Flyash , Properties.
I. INTRODUCTION
As per EFNARC Guidelines for SCC mix design, one of the most important differences between SCC and conventional concrete is the incorporation of a mineral admixture. Thus, many studies on the effects of mineral admixtures on the properties of SCC have been conducted. These studies show the advantage of mineral admixture usage in SCC, such as improved workability with reduced cement content..Since cement is the most expensive component of concrete, reducing cement content is an economical solution. Additionally, the mineral admixtures can improve particle packing and decrease the permeability of concrete. Therefore, the durability of concrete is also increased (Assie et al., 2007). Industrial byproducts or waste materials such as limestone powder, fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag are generally used as mineral admixtures in SCC (Felekoglu et al., 2006; Unal et al., 2006). Thereby, the workability of SCC is improved and the used amount of by-products or waste materials can be increased. Besides the economical benefits, such uses of byproducts or waste materials in concrete reduce environmental pollution (Bosiljkov, 2003).
The three properties that characterise a concrete as self-compacting Concrete are Flowing ability—the ability to completely fill all areas and corners of the formwork into which it is placed Passing ability—the ability to pass through congested reinforcement without separation of the constituents or blocking Resistance to segregation— the ability to retain the coarse components of the mix in suspension in order to maintain a homogeneous material. Fly ash is an industrial by-product, generated from the combustion of coal in the thermal power plants.The increasing scarcity of raw materials and the urgent need to protect the environment against pollution has accentuated the significance of developing new building materials based on industrial waste generated from coal fired thermal power stations creating unmanageable disposal problems due to their potential to pollute the environment. Fly ash, when used as a mineral admixture in concrete, improves its strength and durability characteristics. Fly ash can be used either as an admixture or as a partial replacement of cement. It can also be used as a
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
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partial replacement of fine aggregates, as a total replacement of fine aggregates and as supplementary addition to achieve different properties of concrete Viscosity Modifying Admixtures (VMA) make the concrete more tolerant to variations in the water content of the mix, so that plastic viscosity is maintained and segregation is prevented (EFNARC, Materials Self-compacting concrete was made of cement,sand, water, fly ash and mineral admixture. 1) Cement: Ordinary Portland cement, 43 Grade conforming to IS: 12269 – 1987. 2) Fine aggregate: Locally available river sand confined Grading zone II of IS: 383-1970. 3) Coarse aggregate: Locally available crushed blue granite stones conforming to graded aggregate of nominal size 12.5 mm as per IS: 383 – 1970. 4) Mineral admixture: Dry Class F-Fly ash confined as per IS 3812-2000. . Table 1. Chemical Properties of Fly Ash Chemical properties (%)
SiO2
45.98
Al2O3
23.55
Fe2O3
4.91
CaO
18.67
Na2O
0.24
K2O
1.8
SO3
1.47
Cl
0.0053
5) Chemical admixture: Super plasticizer Glenium- B233 as per EN 934-2 T3.1/3.2.and viscosity modifying agent Glenium stream -2 as per ENC 180VMA
Aspect
Light brown liquid
Relative density
1.09 ± 0.01 at 25°C
pH
>6
Chloride ion content
< 0.2%
Table 3. Typical Properties of VMA
Aspect
Colourless free
flowing liquid
Relative density
1.01 ± 0.01 at 25°C
Ph
>6
Chloride ion content
< 0.2%
6) Water: Water used was fresh, colorless, odorless and tasteless potable water free from organic matter of any type
II. MIX PROPORTIONS
One control and five SCC mixes with different replacements of mineral admixture were prepared and examined to quantify the properties of SCC. Table 4 presents the composition of SCC mixtures. The replacement was carried out at levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of cement content. After iterative trial mixes the water/powder mass ratio (w/p) was selected as 0.45. The total powder content was varied as 450kg/m3, 500 kg/m3, 530 kg/m3 as iterative values and finally fixed as 530 kg/m3. Some design guidelines have been prepared from the acceptable test methods. Many different test methods have been developed in attempts to characterize the properties of self-compacting concrete. So far, no single method or combination of methods has achieved universal approval and most of them have their adherents. Similarly, no single method has been found which characterizes all the relevant workability aspects. So, each mix design should be tested by more than one test method in order to obtain different workability parameters. Table 4. Mixture Proportions for Fly Ash Self-Compacting Concrete (kg/m3)
Materials
Control
Fly Ash
Fly Ash
Fly Ash
Fly Ash
Fly Ash
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Cement
530
477
424
371
318
265
Fly ash
-
53
106
159
212
265
Water/Powder
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
Sand
768
768
768
768
768
768
Coarse aggregate
668
668
668
668
668
668
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Super plasticizer
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
VMA
0.082
0.082
0.082
0.082
0.082
0.082
III. WORKABILITY TEST METHODS
For determining the self-compactability properties; slump flow, T50 time, V-funnel flow time, L-box blocking ratio, U-box difference in height tests were performed. In order to reduce the effect of workability loss on variability of test results, fresh state properties of mixes were determined within a period of 30 minutes after mixing. The order of testing was as below, respectively. 1. Slump flow test and measurement of T50cm time; 2. V-funnel flow test; 3. L-box test; 4. U-box test.
IV. DURABILITY TEST METHODS
Durability studies were conducted at 28, 56 and 90 days for various mixes to find out the resistance to acid attack, sulphate attack and saturated water absorption.
V. Acid Resistance
Acid resistance was tested on 150 mm size cube specimens at the age of 28 days of curing. The cube specimens were weighed and immersed in water diluted with one percent by weight of sulphuric acid for 28, 56 and 90 days. Then, the specimens were taken out from the acid water and the surfaces of the cubes were cleaned. Then, the weight and the compressive strength of the specimens were found out and the average percentage of loss of weight and compressive strength were calculated. Sulphate Attack The sulphate attack testing procedure was conducted by immersing concrete specimens of the size 100x100x100 mm over the specified initial curing in a water tank. Then, they were cured in 5% Sodium sulphate solution for 28, 56 and 90 days, respectively. This type of testing represents an accelerated testing procedure, which indicates the performance of particular concrete mixes to sulphate attack on concrete. The degree of sulphate attack was evaluated by measuring the weight losses of the specimens at 28, 56 and 90 days, respectively. Saturated Water Absorption
Saturated water absorption test was conducted on 100mmx100mmx100mm cubes at the age of 28 and 90 days. The specimens were weighed before drying in a hot air oven at 1050ºC. The drying process was continued, until the difference in mass between two successive measurements at a 24 hour interval closely agreed. The dried specimens were cooled at room temperature and then immersed in water. The specimens were taken out at regular intervals of time, surface dried and weighed. The difference between the saturated mass and the oven dried mass expressed as a percentage of the oven dried mass gives the saturated water absorption. Table 5. Slump Flow and T50 Time of SCC with Fly Ash
Mix
Slump
T50
proportions
(mm)
(Sec)
(%)
MFA-0
660
5
MFA-10
675
4
MFA-20
685
3.6
MFA-30
690
3.1
MFA-40
685
3.4
MFA-50
678
3.7
From slump flow and T50 tests, 30% replacement of fly ash behaves better compared with other ratios. L-Box Test and U-Box Test Using L-box test, the passing ability of SCC beyond the reinforcing bars can be found. The mix having high powder content and lesser coarse aggregate passes easily through the reinforcing bars.
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this study, fresh, hardened properties and durability of self-compacting concrete were investigated by using waste materials (class F fly ash) at five replacement rates for cement. The investigations were carried out according to appropriate criteria given by European standards. In the present study, such properties of self-compacting concrete produced with fly ash were investigated based on fresh concrete tests, specifically workability, strength and durability tests. Fresh Properties Slump Flow Test and T50 Test The slump value plays a major role in SCC. By the value of slump, it is possible to know the effectiveness of flow in SCC; i.e., flowability of SCC under congested reinforcements can be studied at site through this test. The slump values also determine the durability of the mix, segregation and bleeding in the mix. The minimum value of slump is to be 650mm and the maximum value 800 mm for a fresh SCC. The slump values and T50 values for different mixes are shown in Fig.1. This helps us know the filling ability of SCC.
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The ratio of is used to indicate the value of the result of L-box. The minimum value of can be 0.8 and the maximum value 1.0.
U-box test is used to find the passing ability of SCC through the reinforcing bars, similar to that of the L- box test. The limitation of U-box test as specified by EFNARC guidelines is the difference in height H to be within the limit of 0-30 mm. The passing ability of L- ox and U-bo x test is shown in Fig.2. From this U- Box and L- Box Test the passing ability of the concrete is tested and concludes that with increase in fly ash the passi ng ability inc reases. In this mix, 30% repl acement by fly ash behaves better in p ssing ability of concrete.
Figure 1: Slump Flow and T50 Tim e of SCC with Fly Ash Tab le 6. U- Box and L- Box ests of SCC with Fly Ash
Figure 2 : U- Box and L- Box Test of SCC With Fly Ash
V-Funnel Test
V-funnel test is used to find out th flowing ability of the SCC. The test res lts show that the time tak en for a higher replacement is much less due to fineness in the mix. Th influence of time is show n in Fig.3. T he minimum time for the flow of the entire concrete dumped in th e V-funnel is 6 sec and the maximum time to fall completely is 12 se c.
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Using V- Funnel test , the flowin g ability of the concrete is investigated, and it is con luded that with the increase in fly ash the flowability increases. In this mix, 30% repl acement by fly ash behaves better in respect to flow ability of con crete. Mechanical Properties
Compressive, split and flexure study results at different ages a re shown in Figures (4, 5 and 6). When c mpared to the control mixture, increasi g amounts of mineral admixtures generally decrease the strength. In this mix, 30% replacement b y fly ash behaves better in respect to mech anical properties of concrete. Table 7. V- Funnel Test of SCC with Fly Ash
Figure 3: V- Funnel Test of SCC with Fly Ash
Figure 4: Compressiv Strength Results
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Table 9. Split Tensile Strength
M ix
S lit Tensile Strength
(MPa)
prop rtions
( %)
7 da ys
28 days
MF A-0
1.0
1.74
MFA-10
1.2
1.88
MFA-20
1.3
2.01
MFA-30
1.4
2.06
MFA-40
1.3
1.96
MFA-50
1.2
1.84
Table 10. Flexural Strength
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Figure 6: Flexural Strength Results
Durability Study Acid resistance Weight and compressive strength values of the specimens w ere found ou t for the age f 28, 56 and 90 days. The average percentage of w eight loss a nd compressive strength wer e calculated for acid test as shown in Table 11, and F ig.7 shows t he graph for the acid resistance.
It is obs erved that w ith the incr ease in flysh cntent the w eight reducti on of the specimens gets reduced and the compressive strength loss is alo reduced. S ulphate Atta ck Test
The sulphate attack was evaluated by measuring the weight losses o f the specimens at 28, 56 and 90 days, respectively. T he results fo r sulphate attack test are sh own in Table 12 and in Fi .8.
Table 11. Acid Resistanc e Test Results
Figur e 7: Acid Resistance
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Table 11. Acid Resistanc e Test Results
Figur e 7: Acid Resistance Table 12. Sulphate Attac k Test Results
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VII. CONC LUSION
In this study, it ha been foun that with the increase in super plasticizer dosage the workability is increased. So, the r equired slum value fulfilli ng the crite ria of EFNAR C can be obt ained. For 30% fly ash replacement, the fresh properties observe were good as compared to 10%, 20%, 40% an d 50% fly ash replacemen t. Hence, if we increase the FA replacement we c an have a better workable concrete. The dos ge of VMA should be prop erly designed as it may change the ba sic criterion o f SCC. In ot her words, he flowability may fall below 500m slump if the dosage of VMA is mor than desired. The locally avail able Viscosity Modifyi ng Admixtu re (VMA) has a substantial influence on the fres h properties of SCC. A s mall change in VMA dose makes a substantial change in S CC properti s; i.e., flowing ability, passing ability, stability and segregation resistance. The results of the mechanical properties (compressive, split and flexure strengt ) have shown significant performance differences, and the higher compressive strength has been obtained for fly ash replacemen t. Also, the in crease in replacement level has resulte in a decrease in strength f r the increase in fly ash. So, 30% replacement leve l could be of optimum consideration for flowabilit y, mechanical properties a nd durability study. The acid re sistance of S CC with fly ash was higher when compared with concrete mixes without fly ash at the age of 28, 56 a nd 90 days. Compressi ve strength loss decreas es with the increase in fly ash in con crete. When the specimen is immersed in sodiumsulphate olution for 28, 56 and 90 days, respectively, the average reduction in weight increases and the weigh t is decreased when fly ash is increase d in the concr ete. Saturated water absorption percenta ge decreases with the increase in fly ash. For 30% replacement of fly ash, the low water absorption l evel is a good indicator of limited open porosity that can inhibit high flow o f water into the concrete. REFERENCES
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