. A “drought” is an extended period of deficient rainfall relative to the statistical multi-year average for a region. But because of the various ways it is measured, an objective drought definition has yet to be produced upon which everyone can agree. The four types are: meteorological (lack of precipitation), agricultural, (lack of moisture in the soil where crops grow), hydrological (low levels of water in lakes and reservoirs), and socioeconomic (water shortages in drinking and running water). Only .003% of water on Earth is freshwater available for human consumption. Save water by challenging friends to only use 13 gallons of water in a day. (It’s harder than it sounds!) Sign up for 13 Gallon Challenge. Meteorologists predict drought based on precipitation patterns, stream flow, and moisture of soil over long periods of time. In the United States, droughts are most likely to occur in the Midwest and the South.

1. Submitted by:
PARUL RAJPUT,AKSHAY CHAUHAN,SHIVANI BEDI
Project Guide:
DR. TANUJA NAUTIYAL
Dept. of Chemistry, Northern India Engineering College

2. DROUGHT
is an environmental extreme that is
characterized by an absence of
precipitation in the local and
regional water cycle as a
consequence of interactions of
elements of the atmosphere,
hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

3. LESSONS LEARNED FROM
PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS
CHINA: PART III E
DROUGHT EPISODES
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA

4. DROUGHT IN CHINA: 2010-2011

5. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S
COMMUNITIES AT RISK
FLOODS
TYPHOONS
EARTHQUAKES
LANDSLIDESS
DROUGHT EPISODES
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT
POLICIES HAVING HIGH
BENEFIT/COST FOR
COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
GOAL: DISASTER
RESILIENCE

6. PROLONGED LACK OF
PRECIPITATION
DROUGHTS
LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE
LOSS OF CROPS
DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF
GROUND WATER
LOSS OF VEGETATION
INSECT INFESTATION
LOSS OF USE OF AG. LAND
CAUSES &
CONSE-
QUENCES
DISASTER
LABORATORIES

7. THE 2010-2011 DROUGHT EPISODE
IN CHINA
• The 2010–2011 drought episode, which
began in late 2010 after a severe lack of rain
and snow, was China’s worst drought
episode in 60 years.
• Eight of China’s provinces (Anhui, Gansu,
Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong,
and Shanxi), all wheat -producing regions,
were impacted by the drought.

8. MAP OF CHINA’S PROVINCES

9. IMPACTS
• The drought caused water shortages for an
estimated 2.31 million people and 2.57 million
livestock.
• Within the eight provinces, 20% of the farmland and
35% of the wheat crop was impacted.
• The Hubei lake shrank to one-eighth of its normal
surface area and one-fifth its usual depth, forcing
3,234 local residents to relocate.
• By June, 2011, the drought had affected 35 million
people, including 4.2 million facing a drinking water
shortage.
• By June, direct economic losses had reached 15
billion yuan (about 2.3 billion USD).

10. THE PARADOX:
While these 8 provinces
were experiencing drought,
other provinces were
experiencing flooding.

11. UNDERSTANDING DROUGHT
A Slow-Onset, Natural
Phenomenon That Can Happen
Anywhere

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF
DROUGHT
• SLOW ONSET
• DIVERSE IN
LOCATION AND
DURATION
• DIFFICULT TO
MEASURE THE
DURATION AND
THE EXTENT OF
THE SOCIETAL

13. DROUGHT HAZARDS
• HIGH TEMPERATURES
• VERY LOW HUMIDITY
• LOSS OF SOIL MOISTURE
• VANISHING STREAMS, LAKES,
AND WATER TABLES

14. DROUGHT LINKAGES AND RISKS
• Drought is linked to loss of
water quantity and quality, which
can lead to major loss of life
(people and livestock), loss of
livelihoods, loss of habitats, and
sometimes famine.

15. CHINA;S
COMMUNITIES
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•DROUGHT HAZARDS
•LOCATIONS
DROUGHT RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
DROUGHT DISASTER
RESILIENCE
•MONITORING
• ADAPTATION
•PREPAREDNESS
POLICY OPTIONS

16. HAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF RISK
EXPOSURE
VULNERABILITY LOCATION
RISK

17. DECREASE IN
WATER QUALITY
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
DECREASE IN
WATER QUANTITY
SUSCEPTIBILITY
TO WILDFIRES
ECONOMIC LOSS;
FAMINE; DEATHS
RISK

18. DROUGHT RISKS
(FOR A SLOW ONSET NATURAL
HAZARD)
• Loss of life (People and animals)
• Loss of livelihoods and habitats
• Loss of crops and agricultural land (e.g.,
from desertification)
• Reductions in water quantity and quality
• Large-scale migrations of people from
areas experiencing droughts and
famines.

19. FACILITATING ACHIEVEMENT
OF DROUGHT DISASTER
RESILIENCE
EMERGING TECNOLOGIES

20. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR
DROUGHT RESILIENCE
• WEATHER
FORECASTS
• MONITORING
TECHNOLOGIES
(E.G., REMOTE
SENSING)
• WARNING
SYSTEMS
• DATABASES FOR
PAST DROUGHTS
• COMPUTER
MODELS OF
DROUGHT
• MAPS
• DISASTER
SCENARIOS
• HAZARD
ASSESSMENT

21. DROUGHT DISASTER
RESILIENCE
• PURPOSE
• IDENTIFICATION OF
DROUGHT PRECURSORS
• ALERT AND WARNING
• PROTECT WATER
QUANTITY
• PROTECT WATER
QUALITY
• TECHNIQUE
• REMOTE SENSING; SITE-
SPECIFIC MONITORING;
MODELING
• PUBLIC AWARENESS;
EDUCATION
• RESERVOIRS;
CONSERVATION
• ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING; WATER
TREATMENT

22. DROUGHT DISASTER RESILIENCE
• PURPOSE
• LAND-USE
CONTROL
• ADAPTATION TO
THE SITUATION
• TECHNIQUE
• DROUGHT-
RESISTANT CROPS
AND VEGETATION
• COMMUNITY
DROUGHT
RESPONSE PLAN

23. POLICY
ADOPTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
• VULNERABILITY
• EXPOSURE
• EVENT
POLICY ASSESSMENT
• COST
• BENEFIT
•CONSEQUENCES
TOWARDS DROUGHT DISASTER
RESILIENCE
DROUGHTS EXPECTED
LOSS

25. Submitted by:
PARUL RAJPUT,AKSHAY CHAUHAN,SHIVANI BEDI
Project Guide:
DR. TANUJA NAUTIYAL
Dept. of Chemistry, Northern India Engineering College