International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Environmental technology refers to applying environmental monitoring, green chemistry, and electronic devices to monitor and conserve natural resources and curb human impacts on the environment. It includes sustainable energy technologies like solar panels, wind turbines, and bioreactors. The core of environmental technologies is sustainable development. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydro, and biomass are discussed as alternatives to fossil fuels that exist perpetually and produce clean energy without emissions. The document provides an overview of various renewable technologies and their applications.
METHODOLOGY :
In our present study planning to develop a hybrid power generation model consists of Rain water power(hydro), Solar PV and Wind energy, the process of working and installation as below:
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer.
In this technique, we channel the water falling on roof tops of buildings and homes, and open spaces to a storage tank through a filter. Excess water is directed to a well or pit through which water seeps in earth to increase water table.
The generated power is converted and collected using power electronics and power systems devices respectively.
OBJECTIVES :
To install Solar PV technology in order to trap solar radiation for converting into electrical energy.
To install the wind turbine for converting wind energy into electrical energy to pump the water for hydro-plant.
Integrate the complete system composed of hydro, solar, wind energy
Assess the performance of the system.
Design and Calculation of Solar Power Plant in Myanmarijtsrd
PV technology is the most famous among the several renewable energy technologies that was adopted globally. According to Myanmar weather condition, solar power plants are the best renewable energy source to provide electricity for both urban and rural areas. The case study is selected Tat Thit Kyun where is situated Latitude 18°44N and Longitude 95°11E 5.6 mile away from Padaung Township. 312 kWh demand is needed for 387 numbers of household. Data is obtained from Meteorological data of the village and NASA. Dr. Zarchi San | Dr. Than Zaw Htwe | Daw Thidar Win Ngwe "Design and Calculation of Solar Power Plant in Myanmar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27999.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27999/design-and-calculation-of-solar-power-plant-in-myanmar/dr-zarchi-san
In current year, endurable and entire renewable
energy resources are extensively used in electrical energy
generation system. Mainly, solar energy conservation systems
are apply in stand -alone system. Solar panels covert solar
radiation into direct electrical energy. Solar panels are one of
the most potential renewable energy technologies for refreshing
building. In this study, responsibility analysis of a solar system
installed in my collage academic block and hostel is
investigated. The system includes solar panel, battery,
generator, converter and loads. In this study we calculate
overall load in academic block (Electrical engineering
department and round building) and only boy hostel. After
knowing overall loads result for these buildings we simulate
this data through HOMER tool and we obtain the best result
which is presented in this paper.
The result obtained from the optimization gives the initial
capital cost as 296.000$ while operating cost is 2,882$/yr. Total
net present cost (NPC) is 332,846$ and the cost of energy
(COE) is 0.212$/kWh.
The main purpose of this research paper is that the
maximum demand of energy consumption for both academic
block and hostel are simulated through solar panel, for this
purpose which amount of solar panel and battery is required.
This document describes a project on hierarchical architecture for a microgrid system using solar and wind energy sources. It includes an introduction describing distributed power generation and the suitability of renewable sources. Block diagrams and simulations of photovoltaic solar cells and wind power generation are presented. Hardware results show an inverter circuit and rotating solar panels producing 80V output. The conclusion states that renewable sources provide clean energy while reducing pollution.
Analysis of Solar Diesel Hybrid off Grid System in Myanmarijtsrd
A hybrid system combining renewable technologies with diesel generators is a promising solution for village electrification. Shortage of electricity is the main obstacle for economic and social development. Myanmar has abundant renewable energy resource. There are many places that cannot supply electricity from the main grid. Tat Thit Kyun village is selected from these areas. The selected village where is situated Latitude 18°44N and Longitude 95°11E 5.6 mile away from Padaung Township is supplied by hybrid off grid system. 312 kWh demand is needed for 387 numbers of household. Data is obtained from Meteorological data of the village and NASA. The hybrid system is composed of photovoltaic source, diesel generator, battery energy storage system and converter. The hybrid system is analyzed for the life time 20 years by using HOMER software. Dr. Zarchi San | Daw Yin Aye Mon | Daw Lin Lin Phyu "Analysis of Solar Diesel Hybrid off Grid System in Myanmar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29151.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29151/analysis-of-solar-diesel-hybrid-off-grid-system-in-myanmar/dr-zarchi-san
The document discusses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using the perturb and observe method. MPPT is a technique used in solar panel systems to extract the maximum available power from the panels by matching the panel voltage to the maximum power point on its power-voltage curve. The document provides background on renewable energy and solar power generation. It then describes modeling a solar panel as a current source and diode, and explains how solar panel characteristics change with insulation and temperature. The key goal of MPPT is to continuously track the maximum power point of the solar panel as conditions vary.
The document discusses solar energy and solar power technologies. It describes how solar photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity and the components used in solar panels. It also provides details on India's solar energy potential and current scenario. Solar DC nano-grids are presented as a promising low-cost approach to rural electrification, with self-contained microgrids powered by solar panels and batteries that can provide electricity to local communities in a flexible and modular way.
Environmental technology refers to applying environmental monitoring, green chemistry, and electronic devices to monitor and conserve natural resources and curb human impacts on the environment. It includes sustainable energy technologies like solar panels, wind turbines, and bioreactors. The core of environmental technologies is sustainable development. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydro, and biomass are discussed as alternatives to fossil fuels that exist perpetually and produce clean energy without emissions. The document provides an overview of various renewable technologies and their applications.
METHODOLOGY :
In our present study planning to develop a hybrid power generation model consists of Rain water power(hydro), Solar PV and Wind energy, the process of working and installation as below:
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer.
In this technique, we channel the water falling on roof tops of buildings and homes, and open spaces to a storage tank through a filter. Excess water is directed to a well or pit through which water seeps in earth to increase water table.
The generated power is converted and collected using power electronics and power systems devices respectively.
OBJECTIVES :
To install Solar PV technology in order to trap solar radiation for converting into electrical energy.
To install the wind turbine for converting wind energy into electrical energy to pump the water for hydro-plant.
Integrate the complete system composed of hydro, solar, wind energy
Assess the performance of the system.
Design and Calculation of Solar Power Plant in Myanmarijtsrd
PV technology is the most famous among the several renewable energy technologies that was adopted globally. According to Myanmar weather condition, solar power plants are the best renewable energy source to provide electricity for both urban and rural areas. The case study is selected Tat Thit Kyun where is situated Latitude 18°44N and Longitude 95°11E 5.6 mile away from Padaung Township. 312 kWh demand is needed for 387 numbers of household. Data is obtained from Meteorological data of the village and NASA. Dr. Zarchi San | Dr. Than Zaw Htwe | Daw Thidar Win Ngwe "Design and Calculation of Solar Power Plant in Myanmar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27999.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27999/design-and-calculation-of-solar-power-plant-in-myanmar/dr-zarchi-san
In current year, endurable and entire renewable
energy resources are extensively used in electrical energy
generation system. Mainly, solar energy conservation systems
are apply in stand -alone system. Solar panels covert solar
radiation into direct electrical energy. Solar panels are one of
the most potential renewable energy technologies for refreshing
building. In this study, responsibility analysis of a solar system
installed in my collage academic block and hostel is
investigated. The system includes solar panel, battery,
generator, converter and loads. In this study we calculate
overall load in academic block (Electrical engineering
department and round building) and only boy hostel. After
knowing overall loads result for these buildings we simulate
this data through HOMER tool and we obtain the best result
which is presented in this paper.
The result obtained from the optimization gives the initial
capital cost as 296.000$ while operating cost is 2,882$/yr. Total
net present cost (NPC) is 332,846$ and the cost of energy
(COE) is 0.212$/kWh.
The main purpose of this research paper is that the
maximum demand of energy consumption for both academic
block and hostel are simulated through solar panel, for this
purpose which amount of solar panel and battery is required.
This document describes a project on hierarchical architecture for a microgrid system using solar and wind energy sources. It includes an introduction describing distributed power generation and the suitability of renewable sources. Block diagrams and simulations of photovoltaic solar cells and wind power generation are presented. Hardware results show an inverter circuit and rotating solar panels producing 80V output. The conclusion states that renewable sources provide clean energy while reducing pollution.
Analysis of Solar Diesel Hybrid off Grid System in Myanmarijtsrd
A hybrid system combining renewable technologies with diesel generators is a promising solution for village electrification. Shortage of electricity is the main obstacle for economic and social development. Myanmar has abundant renewable energy resource. There are many places that cannot supply electricity from the main grid. Tat Thit Kyun village is selected from these areas. The selected village where is situated Latitude 18°44N and Longitude 95°11E 5.6 mile away from Padaung Township is supplied by hybrid off grid system. 312 kWh demand is needed for 387 numbers of household. Data is obtained from Meteorological data of the village and NASA. The hybrid system is composed of photovoltaic source, diesel generator, battery energy storage system and converter. The hybrid system is analyzed for the life time 20 years by using HOMER software. Dr. Zarchi San | Daw Yin Aye Mon | Daw Lin Lin Phyu "Analysis of Solar Diesel Hybrid off Grid System in Myanmar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29151.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29151/analysis-of-solar-diesel-hybrid-off-grid-system-in-myanmar/dr-zarchi-san
The document discusses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using the perturb and observe method. MPPT is a technique used in solar panel systems to extract the maximum available power from the panels by matching the panel voltage to the maximum power point on its power-voltage curve. The document provides background on renewable energy and solar power generation. It then describes modeling a solar panel as a current source and diode, and explains how solar panel characteristics change with insulation and temperature. The key goal of MPPT is to continuously track the maximum power point of the solar panel as conditions vary.
The document discusses solar energy and solar power technologies. It describes how solar photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity and the components used in solar panels. It also provides details on India's solar energy potential and current scenario. Solar DC nano-grids are presented as a promising low-cost approach to rural electrification, with self-contained microgrids powered by solar panels and batteries that can provide electricity to local communities in a flexible and modular way.
This document discusses the estimation and cost analysis of installing a 300 kW roof-top photovoltaic system at the University B D T College of Engineering in Davangere, India. It analyzes the available roof space of 3,000 square meters that can accommodate 1,200 solar panels generating a total of 300 kW of power. The estimated total cost of the system is 24 million rupees with an estimated payback period of 6 years based on energy savings from self-consumption and revenue from excess power exported to the grid. The roof-top PV system would help meet the college's annual energy demand of 264,960 units and generate an estimated 492,750 units annually.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Feasibility Study of Modified Quasi Z Source Inverter for Solar PV Technologyijtsrd
In recent years, Photovoltaic PV power generation systems have always been considered as an alternative energy source that can lighten the rapid consumption of fossil fuels. The current developments in the photovoltaic materials and power converters has emerged this as promising technology. A PV inverter is widely used to convert the photovoltaic energy into electrical energy as most of the demands are in AC voltage, either for local loads or supplied into the grid. Power converter topologies employed in the PV power generation systems are mainly characterized by single or multi stage inverters. The Z-source inverter ZSI has a single stage structure to achieve the voltage buck boost character in a single power conversion stage. The energy storage device integrated to Quasi Z-source inverter QZSI topology eliminates need for an extra charging circuit. This upgraded topology acquires the operating characteristics from the traditional ZSI, along with the capability of operating under very low PV power conditions. Its main operating points are classified into two modes, the low PV power mode, where the battery is discharged and the high power mode, where the battery is charge up. An extended input power operating range is achieved since the lack of Photovoltaic power can be compensated by the battery. Hence we can conclude that QZSI realize boost buck function in a single-stage with improved reliability, lower component rating, constant DC current from source and good power quality showing an efficient method for the energy-stored PV power generation Shwetha S Baligar | Chandrika S Kukanur | Chaitanya Krishna Jambotkar "Feasibility Study of Modified Quasi Z Source Inverter for Solar PV Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18839.pdf
Modeling and Analysis of Hybrid Solar/Wind Power System for a Small CommunityIOSR Journals
The document models and analyzes a hybrid solar/wind power system for a small community in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Data on solar radiation, temperature, and wind speed from 2002-2004 is used to simulate the power output of a photovoltaic array, wind turbine, and their combination in a hybrid system using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show the hybrid system is capable of meeting the community's 2.015 kW load demand throughout the year except in July, and that months with higher solar radiation or wind speeds yield more power. Combining solar and wind resources provides a more reliable off-grid power solution than either resource alone.
Dynamic modeling of photovoltaic (PV) fed water pumping system for BangladeshSaidur Rahman
The document discusses solar photovoltaic water pumping systems. It introduces standalone solar systems as an alternative technology for remote water pumping in areas without electric grid access, like rural Bangladesh. The key components of solar PV water pumping systems are described, including solar panels, motors, and the benefits of using solar energy for irrigation and drinking water. Challenges like improving system efficiency and performance under different operating conditions are also mentioned.
Energy crisis are of special attention now-a-days. In this project presents a new system configuration of the front-end rectifier stage for a hybrid Hydro/wind/photovoltaic energy system. This system allows the three sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. In household power generation wind and solar are the general hybrid energy options, which are used. But the overhead water tank is one of the neglected energy generation sources which are available in normal household and commercial places. In today’s world each and every source of energy has to be utilized. Therefore we are trying to use the stored energy in overhead water tank for power generation. Solar and Wind energy will contribute major part of power generation. Generated power will be stored in the battery which sources power to inverter and inverter to load. It gives us multiple sources of energy and also helps us to recover some amount of energy which is stored in overhead water tank.
Modeling and Simulation of Solar Photovoltaic Systemijtsrd
Solar energy is a vital untapped resource in a tropical country like ours. The main hindrance for the penetration and reach of solar PV systems is their low efficiency and high capital cost. The efficiency of solar PV is very low. In order to increase the efficiency, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques are to be undertaken to match the source and load property. These techniques are employed in PV systems to make full utilization of PV array output power. Recently, many MPPT algorithms of PV system have been proposed which depends on solar irradiation and temperature, but perturb and observe (P&O) and Incremental conductance algorithms are basic and most widely used. This project firstly introduces a Mat lab Simulink of photovoltaic array. To achieve the maximum power point tracking the Incremental Conductance method and perturb and observed (P&O) method are used. These two algorithms are employed with PV model along with converter in Mat lab Simulink. Three different converter boost, buck boost and cuk converter are design according to requirement and used. Few comparisons such as voltage, current and power output for each different combination have been recorded. Irfan Khan | Ameen Uddin Ahmad"Modeling and Simulation of Solar Photovoltaic System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5743.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/5743/modeling-and-simulation-of-solar--photovoltaic-system/irfan-khan
1) The document discusses micro-vibrational energy harvesting using piezoelectric transducers. It notes that piezoelectric transducers have the potential to power wireless electronics by harvesting ambient vibrational energy.
2) A cantilever beam design with piezoelectric plates bonded to the beam and a tip mass is proposed as the most effective configuration for capturing vibrational energy.
3) The document also examines energy harvesting circuits, noting the importance of matching the circuit design to the application to optimize power efficiency and output performance.
Photovoltaic Cell Fed 3-Phase Induction Motor Using MPPT TechniqueIAES-IJPEDS
This Paper emphasizes on proposing a cost effective photovoltaic (PV) fed 3 phase Induction motor drive which serves for rural pumping applications. Generally in a standalone system, the PV unit will charge the battery and the battery set up in turn will serve as a source for the inverter. A new single stage battery less power conversion is employed by designing a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) embedded boost converter which makes the overall cost of the setup to go down considerably. The realized as a prototype consisting PV array of 500watts, MPPT aided boost converter, three phase inverter and a three phase squirrel cage induction drive of 300 watts. An efficient and low cost micro controller dspic4011 is used a platform to code and implement the prominent perturb and observe MPPT technique. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is the control technique employed for the three phase inverter. To validate the experimental results simulation of the whole set up is carried out in matlab /simulink environment. Simulation and hardware results reveal that the system is versatile.
This document summarizes a research report on piezoelectric energy harvesting using piezoelectric transducers. It discusses how piezoelectric transducers can convert mechanical energy from ambient vibrations into electrical energy to power microelectronic devices. Cantilever beam designs with a tip mass are commonly used as they produce high strain in the piezoelectric material. Maximum power is generated when the system resonates at the dominant vibration frequency. Energy harvesting circuits are also important to efficiently store and regulate the harvested electrical energy. Piezoelectric energy harvesting has potential in powering wireless microelectronics by scavenging energy from the environment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Ant Colony Optimization for Optimal Photovoltaic Array Reconfiguration under ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an optimization approach for optimal reconfiguration of a photovoltaic (PV) array under partial shading conditions. The approach uses Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to determine the optimal electrical connections between PV modules in a total cross-tied array layout. The objectives are to maximize power output and minimize switching operations. The ACO algorithm considers factors like irradiance levels and switching costs to find a configuration that distributes shade uniformly and extracts more power than a static layout. Simulation results show the ACO approach enhances power output compared to the initial cross-tied configuration.
This document provides an overview of sustainable energy sources. It discusses both conventional sources like fossil fuels and non-conventional renewable sources such as solar, wind, tidal, and bioenergy. For non-conventional sources, it describes technologies like solar thermal collectors and solar power plants. It also covers the advantages of renewable energy in being non-polluting and inexhaustible, as well as the disadvantages of high capital costs and inconsistent supply.
This document summarizes the economical analysis of an integrated wind and solar power generation standalone system with energy storage for a community/village located at latitude 13o0.4'N and longitude 79o7.8'E using HOMER software. The optimal system configuration consisted of 50 kW solar PV panels, 60 kW wind turbines, and 420 battery units. Simulation results found the cost of energy was ₹12.43/kWh, with a total net present cost of ₹6,388,599 and no greenhouse gas emissions. The system was technically and economically feasible for supplying clean energy to the community.
A detailed modeling of photovoltaic module matlabNuno Dias
This document presents a detailed model of a photovoltaic module in MATLAB that accounts for the effects of irradiance and temperature. The model uses a single diode model with both series and parallel resistors for accuracy. It determines the key parameters of short circuit current, saturation current, series resistance, and parallel resistance based on manufacturer data and physical equations. The model is then simulated step-by-step in MATLAB/Simulink to generate current-voltage and power-voltage curves under varying irradiance and temperature conditions.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The document discusses a case study of rural electrification through solar photovoltaic systems on Sagar Island in West Bengal, India. It describes the 10 solar power stations that have been installed on the island between 1996-2006 by the West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency to provide electricity to over 2000 families for 6 hours per day. The study analyzes the rural electrification scenario through renewable energy on the isolated island and finds that solar power has benefited residents but that connecting the isolated renewable power plants to the grid presents challenges.
This project is based on Construction and connection of photovoltaic module and related theories about it. To utilize maximum energy from the photovoltaic cell first of all understanding of it characteristics is very important because of this in starting of project we done proper study on characteristics of photo voltaic module and maximum power point. After got proper understanding of characteristics we try to use output of photo voltaic cell efficiently with help of Maximum power point tracker and cuk converter.
SPACE VECTOR MODULATION BASED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEpreeti naga
This paper describes an analysis of local PV-wind hybrid systems for supplying electricity to a private house, farmhouse or a small company with electrical power depending on the need at the site. The major system components, work principle and specific working condition are presented in this paper
Potential Use of LPG in A Medium Capacity Stationary HCCI EngineIJMER
This document summarizes an experimental study investigating the potential use of LPG as the primary fuel in a medium-capacity stationary HCCI engine. The researchers modified a diesel engine to operate in HCCI mode using LPG as the main fuel and a small pilot injection of diesel to control ignition timing. They evaluated the engine's performance and emissions when running on this LPG-diesel fuel combination across different loads. The results showed reductions in NOx emissions of over 40% at 40% load compared to normal diesel operation, though NOx increased at higher loads. The document concludes that LPG shows promise as an alternative fuel for diesel engines in HCCI mode after addressing the challenges of combustion control.
This document discusses the effect of preform geometry on material behavior and densification during hot upset forging of sintered AISI 9840 steel powder metal parts. Powder blends were prepared with different compositions and compacted into preforms with varying initial aspect ratios between 0.45-0.92. The preforms were sintered and hot forged to different height strains. Results showed that lower aspect ratio preforms densified more rapidly than higher ratios. Densification curves followed a third order polynomial relationship with height strain. Preform geometry significantly affected the densification curves and Poisson's ratio with density.
This document discusses the estimation and cost analysis of installing a 300 kW roof-top photovoltaic system at the University B D T College of Engineering in Davangere, India. It analyzes the available roof space of 3,000 square meters that can accommodate 1,200 solar panels generating a total of 300 kW of power. The estimated total cost of the system is 24 million rupees with an estimated payback period of 6 years based on energy savings from self-consumption and revenue from excess power exported to the grid. The roof-top PV system would help meet the college's annual energy demand of 264,960 units and generate an estimated 492,750 units annually.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Feasibility Study of Modified Quasi Z Source Inverter for Solar PV Technologyijtsrd
In recent years, Photovoltaic PV power generation systems have always been considered as an alternative energy source that can lighten the rapid consumption of fossil fuels. The current developments in the photovoltaic materials and power converters has emerged this as promising technology. A PV inverter is widely used to convert the photovoltaic energy into electrical energy as most of the demands are in AC voltage, either for local loads or supplied into the grid. Power converter topologies employed in the PV power generation systems are mainly characterized by single or multi stage inverters. The Z-source inverter ZSI has a single stage structure to achieve the voltage buck boost character in a single power conversion stage. The energy storage device integrated to Quasi Z-source inverter QZSI topology eliminates need for an extra charging circuit. This upgraded topology acquires the operating characteristics from the traditional ZSI, along with the capability of operating under very low PV power conditions. Its main operating points are classified into two modes, the low PV power mode, where the battery is discharged and the high power mode, where the battery is charge up. An extended input power operating range is achieved since the lack of Photovoltaic power can be compensated by the battery. Hence we can conclude that QZSI realize boost buck function in a single-stage with improved reliability, lower component rating, constant DC current from source and good power quality showing an efficient method for the energy-stored PV power generation Shwetha S Baligar | Chandrika S Kukanur | Chaitanya Krishna Jambotkar "Feasibility Study of Modified Quasi Z Source Inverter for Solar PV Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18839.pdf
Modeling and Analysis of Hybrid Solar/Wind Power System for a Small CommunityIOSR Journals
The document models and analyzes a hybrid solar/wind power system for a small community in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Data on solar radiation, temperature, and wind speed from 2002-2004 is used to simulate the power output of a photovoltaic array, wind turbine, and their combination in a hybrid system using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show the hybrid system is capable of meeting the community's 2.015 kW load demand throughout the year except in July, and that months with higher solar radiation or wind speeds yield more power. Combining solar and wind resources provides a more reliable off-grid power solution than either resource alone.
Dynamic modeling of photovoltaic (PV) fed water pumping system for BangladeshSaidur Rahman
The document discusses solar photovoltaic water pumping systems. It introduces standalone solar systems as an alternative technology for remote water pumping in areas without electric grid access, like rural Bangladesh. The key components of solar PV water pumping systems are described, including solar panels, motors, and the benefits of using solar energy for irrigation and drinking water. Challenges like improving system efficiency and performance under different operating conditions are also mentioned.
Energy crisis are of special attention now-a-days. In this project presents a new system configuration of the front-end rectifier stage for a hybrid Hydro/wind/photovoltaic energy system. This system allows the three sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. In household power generation wind and solar are the general hybrid energy options, which are used. But the overhead water tank is one of the neglected energy generation sources which are available in normal household and commercial places. In today’s world each and every source of energy has to be utilized. Therefore we are trying to use the stored energy in overhead water tank for power generation. Solar and Wind energy will contribute major part of power generation. Generated power will be stored in the battery which sources power to inverter and inverter to load. It gives us multiple sources of energy and also helps us to recover some amount of energy which is stored in overhead water tank.
Modeling and Simulation of Solar Photovoltaic Systemijtsrd
Solar energy is a vital untapped resource in a tropical country like ours. The main hindrance for the penetration and reach of solar PV systems is their low efficiency and high capital cost. The efficiency of solar PV is very low. In order to increase the efficiency, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques are to be undertaken to match the source and load property. These techniques are employed in PV systems to make full utilization of PV array output power. Recently, many MPPT algorithms of PV system have been proposed which depends on solar irradiation and temperature, but perturb and observe (P&O) and Incremental conductance algorithms are basic and most widely used. This project firstly introduces a Mat lab Simulink of photovoltaic array. To achieve the maximum power point tracking the Incremental Conductance method and perturb and observed (P&O) method are used. These two algorithms are employed with PV model along with converter in Mat lab Simulink. Three different converter boost, buck boost and cuk converter are design according to requirement and used. Few comparisons such as voltage, current and power output for each different combination have been recorded. Irfan Khan | Ameen Uddin Ahmad"Modeling and Simulation of Solar Photovoltaic System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5743.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/5743/modeling-and-simulation-of-solar--photovoltaic-system/irfan-khan
1) The document discusses micro-vibrational energy harvesting using piezoelectric transducers. It notes that piezoelectric transducers have the potential to power wireless electronics by harvesting ambient vibrational energy.
2) A cantilever beam design with piezoelectric plates bonded to the beam and a tip mass is proposed as the most effective configuration for capturing vibrational energy.
3) The document also examines energy harvesting circuits, noting the importance of matching the circuit design to the application to optimize power efficiency and output performance.
Photovoltaic Cell Fed 3-Phase Induction Motor Using MPPT TechniqueIAES-IJPEDS
This Paper emphasizes on proposing a cost effective photovoltaic (PV) fed 3 phase Induction motor drive which serves for rural pumping applications. Generally in a standalone system, the PV unit will charge the battery and the battery set up in turn will serve as a source for the inverter. A new single stage battery less power conversion is employed by designing a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) embedded boost converter which makes the overall cost of the setup to go down considerably. The realized as a prototype consisting PV array of 500watts, MPPT aided boost converter, three phase inverter and a three phase squirrel cage induction drive of 300 watts. An efficient and low cost micro controller dspic4011 is used a platform to code and implement the prominent perturb and observe MPPT technique. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is the control technique employed for the three phase inverter. To validate the experimental results simulation of the whole set up is carried out in matlab /simulink environment. Simulation and hardware results reveal that the system is versatile.
This document summarizes a research report on piezoelectric energy harvesting using piezoelectric transducers. It discusses how piezoelectric transducers can convert mechanical energy from ambient vibrations into electrical energy to power microelectronic devices. Cantilever beam designs with a tip mass are commonly used as they produce high strain in the piezoelectric material. Maximum power is generated when the system resonates at the dominant vibration frequency. Energy harvesting circuits are also important to efficiently store and regulate the harvested electrical energy. Piezoelectric energy harvesting has potential in powering wireless microelectronics by scavenging energy from the environment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Ant Colony Optimization for Optimal Photovoltaic Array Reconfiguration under ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an optimization approach for optimal reconfiguration of a photovoltaic (PV) array under partial shading conditions. The approach uses Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to determine the optimal electrical connections between PV modules in a total cross-tied array layout. The objectives are to maximize power output and minimize switching operations. The ACO algorithm considers factors like irradiance levels and switching costs to find a configuration that distributes shade uniformly and extracts more power than a static layout. Simulation results show the ACO approach enhances power output compared to the initial cross-tied configuration.
This document provides an overview of sustainable energy sources. It discusses both conventional sources like fossil fuels and non-conventional renewable sources such as solar, wind, tidal, and bioenergy. For non-conventional sources, it describes technologies like solar thermal collectors and solar power plants. It also covers the advantages of renewable energy in being non-polluting and inexhaustible, as well as the disadvantages of high capital costs and inconsistent supply.
This document summarizes the economical analysis of an integrated wind and solar power generation standalone system with energy storage for a community/village located at latitude 13o0.4'N and longitude 79o7.8'E using HOMER software. The optimal system configuration consisted of 50 kW solar PV panels, 60 kW wind turbines, and 420 battery units. Simulation results found the cost of energy was ₹12.43/kWh, with a total net present cost of ₹6,388,599 and no greenhouse gas emissions. The system was technically and economically feasible for supplying clean energy to the community.
A detailed modeling of photovoltaic module matlabNuno Dias
This document presents a detailed model of a photovoltaic module in MATLAB that accounts for the effects of irradiance and temperature. The model uses a single diode model with both series and parallel resistors for accuracy. It determines the key parameters of short circuit current, saturation current, series resistance, and parallel resistance based on manufacturer data and physical equations. The model is then simulated step-by-step in MATLAB/Simulink to generate current-voltage and power-voltage curves under varying irradiance and temperature conditions.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The document discusses a case study of rural electrification through solar photovoltaic systems on Sagar Island in West Bengal, India. It describes the 10 solar power stations that have been installed on the island between 1996-2006 by the West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency to provide electricity to over 2000 families for 6 hours per day. The study analyzes the rural electrification scenario through renewable energy on the isolated island and finds that solar power has benefited residents but that connecting the isolated renewable power plants to the grid presents challenges.
This project is based on Construction and connection of photovoltaic module and related theories about it. To utilize maximum energy from the photovoltaic cell first of all understanding of it characteristics is very important because of this in starting of project we done proper study on characteristics of photo voltaic module and maximum power point. After got proper understanding of characteristics we try to use output of photo voltaic cell efficiently with help of Maximum power point tracker and cuk converter.
SPACE VECTOR MODULATION BASED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEpreeti naga
This paper describes an analysis of local PV-wind hybrid systems for supplying electricity to a private house, farmhouse or a small company with electrical power depending on the need at the site. The major system components, work principle and specific working condition are presented in this paper
Potential Use of LPG in A Medium Capacity Stationary HCCI EngineIJMER
This document summarizes an experimental study investigating the potential use of LPG as the primary fuel in a medium-capacity stationary HCCI engine. The researchers modified a diesel engine to operate in HCCI mode using LPG as the main fuel and a small pilot injection of diesel to control ignition timing. They evaluated the engine's performance and emissions when running on this LPG-diesel fuel combination across different loads. The results showed reductions in NOx emissions of over 40% at 40% load compared to normal diesel operation, though NOx increased at higher loads. The document concludes that LPG shows promise as an alternative fuel for diesel engines in HCCI mode after addressing the challenges of combustion control.
This document discusses the effect of preform geometry on material behavior and densification during hot upset forging of sintered AISI 9840 steel powder metal parts. Powder blends were prepared with different compositions and compacted into preforms with varying initial aspect ratios between 0.45-0.92. The preforms were sintered and hot forged to different height strains. Results showed that lower aspect ratio preforms densified more rapidly than higher ratios. Densification curves followed a third order polynomial relationship with height strain. Preform geometry significantly affected the densification curves and Poisson's ratio with density.
Moving is a stressful process, but taking some simple steps can help make it easier. Start by decluttering your home a month in advance to determine what you want to keep, donate, or toss. Then create a detailed moving checklist and timeline to stay organized as you pack up boxes, arrange transportation, change your address, and unpack at your new home. Finally, don't forget to pack essential items separately so you have access to them during the move.
Zigbee Based Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart CampusIJMER
The document discusses simulations of Zigbee-based wireless sensor networks using different topologies with static and dynamic positioning of the Zigbee coordinator node. The simulations analyzed the effect on throughput and end-to-end delay. Results showed that a tree topology with a mobile coordinator had the highest throughput. A mesh topology, whether with static or dynamic coordinator, produced the lowest end-to-end delay. The document concludes that making the coordinator node mobile generally provides better network performance than a static coordinator configuration.
This document analyzes capacity utilization at a cold forging organization in Bangalore, India. It examines machine data and utilization charts from February for various operations like annealing and phosphating. The data is analyzed on a weekly basis and inferences are made about factors affecting capacity like power cuts, maintenance issues, and labor shortages. Suggestions are provided like installing generators, improving labor scheduling, and expanding phosphating capacity. The document concludes there is scope for automating processes and conducting longer-term cost analyses to further optimize capacity utilization.
Este documento presenta los programas de cinco conservatorios para un encuentro. Cada conservatorio incluye varias piezas musicales interpretadas por orquestas, coros o agrupaciones instrumentales de estudiantes. Los estilos musicales incluyen clásicos como Bach y Mozart, así como pop, jazz y música tradicional.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes global block-based redundancy architectures for self-repairing of embedded memories. The key points are:
- Redundant rows and columns of memory are divided into blocks that can replace faulty blocks anywhere in the memory array, rather than just within the same row or column. This global approach helps repair clustered faults.
- A modified essential spare pivoting (MESP) algorithm is proposed for built-in redundancy analysis that has low area overhead. It collects faulty cell information and analyzes block-level faults.
- Simulation results show the proposed architectures and MESP algorithm significantly improve manufacturing yield, repair rates, and reliability compared to other approaches, due to their efficient
The document discusses von Neumann entropy in quantum computation. It provides definitions of key terms like von Neumann entropy, density matrix, and computational complexity theory. Von Neumann entropy extends concepts of classical entropy to quantum mechanics and characterizes the classical and quantum information capacities of an ensemble. It quantifies the degree of mixing of a quantum state and how much a state departs from a pure state. The von Neumann entropy of a system is computed using the density matrix and eigendecomposition of the system's quantum state.
A Novel Approach for User Search Results Using Feedback SessionsIJMER
This document proposes a novel approach to improve user search results using feedback sessions. It first clusters feedback sessions containing clicked and unclicked URLs using the Fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. It then generates "pseudo-documents" to represent each feedback session cluster. This reflects the information needs of users within each cluster. It evaluates the performance of restructured search results using a "Classified Average Precision" metric. The key steps are: 1) Clustering feedback sessions with Fuzzy c-means, 2) Creating pseudo-documents for each cluster, 3) Evaluating results using Classified Average Precision. Fuzzy c-means allows URLs to belong to multiple clusters, reflecting uncertain user needs.
1) During a routine anatomy dissection, researchers observed an unusual branching pattern of the brachial artery in a male cadaver.
2) Specifically, they found that the ulnar artery originated from the lateral side of the brachial artery, rather than in the cubital fossa as is typical.
3) The variant ulnar artery descended on the lateral forearm and crossed to the medial side, following a superficial path along the arm.
Experimental and Analytical Study on Reinforced Concrete Deep BeaIJMER
This document summarizes an experimental and analytical study on reinforced concrete deep beams. Three deep beams were cast with different span-to-depth ratios (L/D) of 1.5, 1.6, and 1.71 and tested under two-point loads. Additionally, finite element models of the beams were created in ANSYS software. The results found that as L/D decreased, the deviation of strain patterns at the mid-section increased. Experimentally measured strains, strengths, and deflections were generally higher than values predicted by the finite element models, especially for deeper beams. Crack patterns from the models were also presented.
Cost Analysis of Small Scale Solar and Wind Energy SystemsIJMER
Abstract: The recent dramatic increase in the use of
renewable energy systems leading towards competitive
markets within the various individual renewable energy
systems. The aim of this paper is to prove the hypothesis
i.e. in next few years, when the cost of the solar PV
modules come down below 1$ per Watt, small wind
turbines become more costlier because of the cost of
structures required to support the wind generator. And
also if the threat from the market is not addressed both
technically and commercially, small wind turbine
manufactures will lose the competition to solar PV module
manufactures in the near visible future. Objective of this
paper is to do cost analysis on the industry data and prove
hypothesis and to arrive at the cutoff point, where after the
generating energy from the wind is not economically
feasible. With this cost analysis, author here by alarm for
the small scale wind turbine manufactures to take
necessary measures to survive the competitive markets of
small scale renewable energy systems.
Keywords: Renewable energy, Solar PV, Wind Turbine, Curve Fitting, Cost analysis.
Accelerometer and EOG Based Wireless Gesture Controlled Robotic ArmIJMER
- This paper deals with the Robotic arm controlled by arm and eye movements, where data
is acquired through the use of accelerometer and EOG amplifier. The hand movements are captured by
the Accelerometer and the eye movements are captured by EOG amplifier. The Robotic arm will pick
and place the object according to the movement of the hand and Robotic arm will move left and right
according to our eye movements. Signals are wirelessly transmitted through RF Encoder and Decoder.
Robotic arm is based on Arduino Duemilanove controller for signal processing, and interfaced with the
Controller serially. This Embedded system will help disabled persons to do work by their own. The
Robotic arm can be used to pick and place hazardous objects.
This document appears to be a study guide for an ACC 349 final exam, listing 42 multiple choice questions covering topics related to managerial and cost accounting. The questions assess understanding of concepts like factory overhead application, manufacturing overhead allocation, job order and process costing systems, activity-based costing, standard costs, budgeting, and cost-volume-profit analysis.
This document presents a general theory for NP-hard problems by developing a progressive model that classifies problems based on parameters similarly to how accounts are classified in a general ledger. It introduces 12 common NP-hard problems and develops governing equations to model the classification and solution behavior of the problems over time. The model aims to provide a unified framework and make predictions about NP-hard problems similarly to how a general ledger tracks financial inflows and outflows.
This document contains a set of 43 multiple choice questions that appear to be from a final exam for a finance course. The questions cover a range of topics in corporate finance including organizational forms, capital structure, capital budgeting techniques, the cost of capital, and financial statement analysis.
This document summarizes a research paper on designing a secure cloud-assisted mobile health monitoring system. The system aims to address privacy and security issues while lowering healthcare costs. It incorporates techniques like multi-dimensional range queries, outsourcing decryption to the cloud, and proxy re-encryption to shift computational tasks to the cloud without compromising privacy. The system architecture allows a mobile health service provider to store encrypted data and programs in the cloud and deliver them securely. It enables clients to query the cloud for monitoring programs using privacy-preserving tokens. The cloud assists with computationally intensive tasks without learning private query inputs or outputs. The system aims to achieve effective privacy preservation while reducing the workload on clients and the service provider.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a hybrid solar-wind power system for generating electricity in remote areas. The system combines photovoltaic solar panels and a small wind turbine to harness renewable energy from the sun and wind. Electricity from both sources is regulated by a controller and stored in batteries. The controller can also invert the DC current to AC for powering loads. The hybrid setup was tested in both manual and automatic modes, with the latter controlled by a microcontroller. The system aims to provide a reliable electricity source for powering infrastructure in areas not connected to the electric grid.
One of the primary needs for socio-economic development in any nation in the world is the provision of reliable electricity supply systems with lower carbon footprint levels. The purpose of this work is the development of a hybrid Power system that harnesses the renewable energy in sun and electricity to generate electricity. The working model can able to run on dual mode- solar and electricity. It can also be driven independently either by solar or electricity. The battery can be charge from solar panel (40W) or by power supply. The household single phase A.C. power supply of 230V is converted into 12V D.C. using step down transformer and rectifying circuit. The working model can achieve energy saving, low carbon emission, environmental protection for the upcoming future of human life.
“SIMULATION ON OPTIMISATION OF POWER QUALITY USING HYBRID POWER SYSTEM”IRJET Journal
This document presents a simulation study on optimizing power quality in a hybrid power system comprising hydro and solar photovoltaic energy sources. The study was conducted by students from the Department of Electrical Engineering at RIT Karnataka, India. The simulation aimed to ensure reliable power supply by combining renewable energy sources and address power quality issues like voltage sags caused by faults. MATLAB/Simulink was used to model a hybrid system with a hydro turbine and solar PV array supplying power to a three-phase load. Maximum power point tracking controllers were used to optimize output from each source. A dynamic voltage restorer scheme was also tested to compensate for voltage sags and improve power quality. The results demonstrated effective power generation from the hybrid system
This document presents a study on the design and economic feasibility analysis of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system to provide electricity for a single household in rural India. The key points are:
1) A PV system was designed to meet the daily electricity demand of 7480 Wh for a household in Pune, India. This included sizing the PV array at 11.3 m2 and 1356 WP, and batteries at 1500 Ah.
2) A life cycle cost analysis of the 20-year system found the present worth costs to be $6960 for the PV array, $2557.50 for initial batteries, and additional battery costs of $1840.93, $1325.
Solar Photovoltaic Systems – Applications & ConfigurationsIRJET Journal
This document discusses solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, their applications, and configurations. It begins by explaining how PV cells work by converting sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It then outlines several common applications of PV systems including water pumping, cooking, heating, lighting, traffic signals, cold storage, and use in space. The document also describes different configurations for PV systems including stand-alone systems with and without battery storage, grid-interactive systems, hybrid systems combining PV with other energy sources, and building integrated PV systems. It concludes by emphasizing the benefits of PV systems in reducing emissions and fuel use while contributing to a more sustainable energy future.
Forecasting Solar Power by LSTM & DBN Techniques using MLIRJET Journal
This document discusses using machine learning techniques like Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Deep Belief Networks (DBN) to forecast solar power generation. It analyzes pure datasets on solar panel output, weather, and air pollution to extract features. An Autoencoder-LSTM model is proposed that uses the autoencoder for feature learning and LSTM to incorporate temporal data. The model is trained on extracted features and forecasts are compared to actual data to evaluate performance. Accurate solar power forecasting can improve energy grid stability and reduce operational costs.
Testing of a Microcontroller Based Solar panel Tracking System iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document summarizes the testing of a microcontroller-based solar panel tracking system developed by students in India. The system uses light dependent resistors and a microcontroller to track the sun and keep the solar panel perpendicular to maximize energy collection. Testing found the tracking system increased battery charging efficiency by around 32% compared to a stationary panel. The tracking system allows more solar energy to be harnessed and could help address energy needs, though further research and development is still needed to improve renewable energy technologies.
This document discusses a proposed Smart Energy Distribution Management (SEDM) system that uses solar power and battery storage to help reduce power consumption. The SEDM controls power sockets using wireless communication based on the battery status and sets times for power usage. It can supply power from both the commercial grid and stored solar energy. The system prioritizes which devices to power based on preset battery level thresholds to make most efficient use of available energy. A hardware architecture is presented using a microcontroller, relays, wireless communication, and power monitoring to manage energy distribution from the solar and battery sources.
Design and simulation of stand alone integrated renewable energy system for r...eSAT Journals
The document describes the design and simulation of a stand-alone integrated renewable energy system for remote areas using solar and wind energy resources. Key points:
- The system was designed to provide electricity to off-grid rural households using local renewable resources to avoid the high costs of grid extension.
- Models of the solar photovoltaic system and variable speed wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator were developed in MATLAB/Simulink.
- The solar and wind systems were integrated by connecting them to a common DC bus, allowing both sources to supply the isolated load. Power conversion circuits like boost converters and inverters were included to condition the output.
- Simulation results of the integrated renewable energy system design
Design and simulation of stand alone integrated renewable energy system for r...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The availability of energy plays an important role in the development of a country.Electricity availability is essential for economical growth and improvementin quality of life of rural and semi-urban population. In order to achieve this, rural electrification should gain importance. Rural electrification requiresgrid extensionofthe existing power systemto remote areas which is difficult and costly. Impact of burning fossil fuels on environment andrapid depletion increases the supply demand gap. Development of Integrated Renewable Energy System for isolated load is a promisingway outfor rural electrification. Integrated renewable energy systems generate power making use of renewable energy sources that are available regionally which can electrify rural households. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop an Integrated renewable energy system for power generation using solar and wind resources.Integration of solar and wind systems has been done for supplying isolated load and the model has been implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are summarized.
IRJET- Development of Solar Palm Tree for Rural Street LightsIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a solar palm tree for providing rural street lights. The solar palm tree is designed to utilize solar energy through solar panels mounted on branches in the shape of a tree, occupying less space than traditional solar panel installations. It uses a technique called "spiraling phyllataxy" to maximize sunlight exposure to the lower panels. The tree can charge batteries to power street lights for long periods. It provides a renewable energy solution that reduces land usage compared to other solar power systems.
Implementation of Hybrid Generation Power System in PakistanIJAPEJOURNAL
A solar-wind hybrid power generation system has been presented here. The application based system illustrated in this paper is designed on the basis of the solar and wind data for Pakistan. The power generated by the system is intended for domestic use. The most common source of unconventional power in homes is battery based UPS (Uninterrupted power supply) inverter. The UPS inverter charges the battery with conventional grid power. This system will charge the battery of UPS inverter by using only wind and solar power, which will make the system cost effective and more reliable. The reason for using both solar and wind is that recent studies have proven that combined system can be more productive and consistent and other thing is that neither of them can be used for continuous power generation. In the system illustrated in this paper the solar-wind system provides power periodically which is controlled by electronic methods and a microcontroller is used to monitor the power from both the inputs. The switching action is provided from the microcontroller to the battery charging based on the power received from solar photovoltaic panel and wind generators. In this paper, an efficient system has been presented comprising of solar panel, wind generator, charge controller and charge storage unit (battery). Solar panel is selected as the main input and the wind resource will be used only in the absence of the solar photovoltaic (PV) output.
Planning and Designing a Stand Alone Solar Power System for Multi-Building Or...IJMER
The purpose of this project is to discover ways to produce energy with alternate sources. This presents current status, major achievements and future aspects of solar energy in India and evaluation of current energy policies for conquering the obstructions and implementing solar for the future is also been presented. Solar energy is expected to play a very significant role in the future especially in developing countries, but it has also potential prospects for developed countries. Solar radiation is an integral part of different renewable energy resources like PV power, solar thermal power, solar heater etc.
This consists of Study of the Solar cell, Solar Photovoltaic Technology, Planning and Designing a Stand Alone Solar Power System for Multi Building in an Organization where Solar energy plays an important role for the power supply in case of emergency by replacing Diesel Generator set i.e. DG Set.
This gives a detail planning and designing of solar power system of 80KW demand per hour for Al-Falah School of engineering and technology, Brown hills college of engineering and technology, central canteen, masjid, Hostel as well as Al-Falah School of Training and Education.
EFFICIENT AND COST EFFECTIVE MODEL FOR AN ECO-FRIENDLY SOLAR COLONYcscpconf
A simple and successful design is developed which has the objective to put together a cost effective model, scaled down both in size and energy required for an average residential home
driven through Solar Panels. It also deals with the autonomous illumination of streets of a
model colony through solar panels to meet the requirements and attain the maximum efficiency
of the available energy. The Photovoltaic system along with an inverter and intensity control circuit counts for the basic design. The effort deals with the efficient, cost effective and needful
implementation of Photovoltaic systems which would be useful primarily in rural and remote parts of India for both social and economic development of the people.
India has been promoting solar power development through initiatives like the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission. The goal is to install 20GW of solar power generation capacity by 2022 to help meet energy demands and address climate change. Solar power costs in India have been decreasing and are now competitive with fossil fuel alternatives in some applications like rooftop solar. Further cost reductions and innovation will help solar power expand its reach.
a project report on MPPT algorithm for PV panelgauravchitransh
The document discusses renewable energy sources such as solar power. It notes that solar power has the potential to supplement power in cities and rural areas by harnessing the sun's energy through solar collectors. The document then discusses different renewable energy sources in detail, including wind power, hydropower, biomass, geothermal, and solar power. It also reviews literature on increasing the efficiency of solar panels through maximum power point tracking algorithms and circuit modeling of photovoltaic modules.
Rural electrification through solar and wind hybrid systemnissy marla
The aim of this work is design and implementation of a Hybrid power generation system using wind energy photovoltaic solar energy- solar energy with Nano-antenna for continuous (24*7) power generation.
Design and Implementation of a Solar Power Systemijtsrd
Energy is a very important variable that its conservation is of paramount interest to engineers of our time. As we know, the law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another. This helps in sustainable use and protection of natural resources. This research work the Design and Implementation of a Solar Power System focuses on a technique of power generation from solar source. It provides simple basic theoretical studies of solar cell and its modelling techniques using equivalent electric circuits. Solar Photovoltaic PV power generation system is comprising several elements like solar cells, inverter, Battery charge controller and single phase inverter for AC loads are implemented in hardware in simple manner. Sylvester Emeka Abonyi | Kingsley Chibueze Obute | Anthony Amaechi Okafor "Design and Implementation of a Solar Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49926.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/49926/design-and-implementation-of-a-solar-power-system/sylvester-emeka-abonyi
The document discusses solar inverters for on-grid solar energy systems. It explains that solar inverters are necessary to convert the direct current (DC) output of solar panels into alternating current (AC) that can be fed into the electric grid. High efficiency and reliability are important for solar inverters in order to optimize the performance and minimize maintenance costs of solar energy systems. The document also provides an overview of grid-connected solar power systems and how excess power from such systems can be supplied to the electric grid or used to offset on-site electricity consumption.
Similar to A Comparative Study of Low Cost Solar Based Lighting System and Fuel Based Lighting System for Remote off Grid Location in India (20)
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
This document summarizes research on the fabrication and characterization of bio-composite materials using sunnhemp fibre. The document discusses how sunnhemp fibre was used to reinforce an epoxy matrix through hand lay-up methods. Various mechanical properties of the bio-composites were tested, including tensile, flexural, and impact properties. The results of the mechanical tests on the bio-composite specimens are presented. Potential applications of the sunnhemp fibre bio-composites are also suggested, such as in fall ceilings, partitions, packaging, automotive interiors, and toys.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
This document discusses integrating the Spring, Struts, and Hibernate frameworks to develop enterprise applications. It provides an overview of each framework and their features. The Spring Framework is a lightweight, modular framework that allows for inversion of control and aspect-oriented programming. It can be used to develop any or all tiers of an application. The document proposes an architecture for an e-commerce website that integrates these three frameworks, with Spring handling the business layer, Struts the presentation layer, and Hibernate the data access layer. This modular approach allows for clear separation of concerns and reduces complexity in application development.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
This document introduces and studies the concept of δˆ s-locally closed sets in ideal topological spaces. Some key points:
- A subset A is δˆ s-locally closed if A can be written as the intersection of a δˆ s-open set and a δˆ s-closed set.
- Various properties of δˆ s-locally closed sets are introduced and characterized, including relationships to other concepts like generalized locally closed sets.
- It is shown that a subset A is δˆ s-locally closed if and only if A can be written as the intersection of a δˆ s-open set and the δˆ s-closure of A.
- Theore
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
This document discusses natural language ambiguity and its effect on machine learning. It begins by introducing different types of ambiguity that exist in natural languages, including lexical, syntactic, semantic, discourse, and pragmatic ambiguities. It then examines how these ambiguities present challenges for computational linguistics and machine translation systems. Specifically, it notes that ambiguity is a major problem for computers in processing human language as they lack the world knowledge and context that humans use to resolve ambiguities. The document concludes by outlining the typical process of machine translation and how ambiguities can interfere with tasks like analysis, transfer, and generation of text in the target language.
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
This document describes the implementation of an I2C slave interface using Verilog HDL. It introduces the I2C protocol which uses only two bidirectional lines (SDA and SCL) for communication. The document discusses the I2C protocol specifications including start/stop conditions, addressing, read/write operations, and acknowledgements. It then provides details on designing an I2C slave module in Verilog that responds to commands from an I2C master and allows synchronization through clock stretching. The module is simulated in ModelSim and synthesized in Xilinx. Simulation waveforms demonstrate successful read and write operations to the slave device.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
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-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
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-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
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The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
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Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
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Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
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This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
A Comparative Study of Low Cost Solar Based Lighting System and Fuel Based Lighting System for Remote off Grid Location in India
1. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep.-Oct. 2013 pp-3049-3052
ISSN: 2249-6645
www.ijmer.com
A Comparative Study of Low Cost Solar Based Lighting
System and Fuel Based Lighting System for Remote off
Grid Location in India
Biswajit Biswas1, Sujoy Mukherjee2
12
Department of AEIE, Murshidabad College of Engineering & Technology, India,
ABSTRACT: A number of villages in India is yet to be electrified due to its location. At the same time it is also important
to mention that grid connection to those areas is very expensive and time consuming. The source of lighting in those areas
are conventional fuel based lighting system i.e. mainly kerosene based lantern. It has immense health hazard and
environmental impact. To meet the energy demand of the off grid locations in India, solar energy can play vital role. The aim
of the present study is to design an efficient and low cost solar based lighting system for the off grid location in India. The
solar based lighting system was compared to the kerosene based lantern and found much efficient as far as lighting flux is
concerned. The cost of the solar based system and payback period is also studied. The payback period definitely indicates
the opportunity to utilize solar based lighting system for off grid locations in India.
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, LED Lighting, Payback Period, Single Diode Model, Solar Cell
I.
Introduction
Energy is the integral part of life. Energy demand increases day by day but it is a big challenge to distribute energy
in usable form in all part of the country. It is found that, around 25,000 villages are located in remote and inaccessible areas
and hence could not be electrified through conventional grid extension in India. But, it is essential to provide energy to those
people who are living in off grid area. At the same time it is very much expensive to connect those areas though grid
connection because of their inaccessible geographical location. The concept of mini grids is advantageous in some remote
areas to provide sustainable, reliable electricity and cost effective electricity [1]. But this concept is also a long term process
to meet the energy demand of the remote locations. To overcome this problem, it is beneficial to generate off grid power to
meet the minimum energy requirement using available alternative sources of energy. The Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy (MNRE) in India is implementing the ‘Remote Village Electrification Program’ (RVEP) to electrify such remote
villages by installing solar photovoltaic (PV) home lighting systems in all the states. It is found that solar home lighting
system in the remote village can influence the standard of living of people very significantly in the remote areas. It also
reduces the expenditure on kerosene of the households of all income groups due to solar home lighting system [4]. A study
in the household sector of Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu reveals that the consumption pattern of energy sources
wholly depends upon the availability of the energy sources, and the level of income of the people [2]. It is found that
decentralized energy planning (DEP) is one of the options for meeting the rural and small scale energy needs in a reliable,
affordable and environmentally sustainable way. The main aspect of the energy planning at a decentralized level is to prepare
an area based DEP to meet energy needs and development of alternate energy sources at least cost to the economy and
environment [3]. In the rural area, domestic household sector accounts for nearly 75 percent of the energy use in rural areas
[5]. In a study it is found that the employment of a solar lighting system of 3 W lamp and battery backup can successfully be
used for small scale lighting applications in remote areas that are far away from the power grid. [6]. A study to quantify the
energy saving potential possible with changing in illumination schemes, it found that the adoption of LED lighting scheme
has huge energy saving potential, and reasonable payback period [8].
Hence conjugation of LED as a means of illumination with solar photovoltaic system will give a highly efficient
system as alternative lighting for remote inaccessible areas in India. The scheme will definitely improve the lighting energy
utilization pattern in the remote off grid location and hence the standard of living of the people.
II.
Sources of lighting energy in off grid area in India
A huge no of remote villages are not connected yet with grid connection to meet the energy demand of that
locations. This is mainly due to inaccessibility of the areas due to geographically backward location. The main means of
lighting in those areas is burning fossil fuels. A very few number of people uses solar energy for lighting. In the present
study it is found that solar energy is one of the important resources to meet the lighting energy demand of households with
low initial investment and payback period. Our study is based on the solar energy utilization as highly efficient lighting
system in a cost effective manner.
III.
Sun as source of energy
Sun is the source of all energy in this universe. The energy received from the sun is in the form of radiation. The
intensity of solar radiation available on the earth surface varies significantly with seasonal change. The intensity of solar
radiation is measured in watt per square metre. The available energy from sun can be converted into usable energy by solar
thermal application or by solar photovoltaic application. In the present study, concentration is given towards use of solar
www.ijmer.com
3049 | Page
2. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep.-Oct. 2013 pp-3049-3052
ISSN: 2249-6645
photovoltaic cell to directly convert the solar energy into usable electrical energy and hence to meet the lighting demand of
remote off grid areas.
www.ijmer.com
IV.
Design of low cost domestic lighting system for off grid area
The schematic design for the domestic lighting system is shown in the figure. The main objective of the design is to
provide lighting energy with very low cost as a large section of the people in remote areas belongs to economically backward
section. It comprises of a solar cell array, solar charger, a battery backup system, LED as scheme of illumination.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the system designed
4.1 Solar cell array
PV cells are grouped in larger units called PV panels which are further interconnected in a parallel-series
configuration to form PV arrays. Each of these cells is basically a p-n junction capable of converting solar energy into
electrical energy. The conventional technique to model solar cell is to establish mathematical expressions based on the
equivalent circuits of the cell. Circuit of a single diode model of solar cell is shown in Fig 2 [9]. In single diode model, there
is a current source parallel to a diode. The current source represents light generated current, which varies linearly with solar
irradiation. This is the simplest and most widely used model as it offers a good compromise between simplicity and
accuracy.
Figure 2: single diode model of solar cell
From the Fig.2 the following equations can be written to mathematically describe the model of the solar cell:
𝐼 = 𝐼 𝑝ℎ − 𝐼 𝐷 − 𝐼 𝑠ℎ
𝐼 𝐷 = 𝐼 𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑝
𝐼 𝑠ℎ =
(𝑉+𝑅 𝑠 𝐼)
𝑅 𝑠ℎ
𝑞(𝑉 𝐷 +𝑅 𝑠 𝐼)
𝑁𝐾𝑇
𝐼 = 𝐼 𝑝ℎ − 𝐼 𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑝
−1
(1)
(2)
(3)
𝑞(𝑉 𝐷 +𝑅 𝑠 𝐼)
𝑁𝐾𝑇
−1 −
(𝑉+𝑅 𝑠 𝐼)
𝑅 𝑠ℎ
(4)
In these equations, Iph is the photo current, Is is the reverse saturation current of the diode, q is the electron charge,
VD is the voltage across the diode, K is the Boltzmann's constant, T is the junction temperature, N is the ideality factor of the
diode, and Rs and Rsh are the series and shunt resistors of the cell, respectively. In the present work a solar cell
specifications are mentioned in Table 1.
Table 1: Solar cell parameters
Parameters
Values
Maximum Power (Pmax )
5W
Voltage at max. Power (Vmax )
8.8 V
Current at max. Power (Imax )
Short circuit current (Isc )
0.57 A
0.61 A
Open circuit voltage (Voc )
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10 V
3050 | Page
3. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep.-Oct. 2013 pp-3049-3052
ISSN: 2249-6645
www.ijmer.com
4.2 Solar charger
A solar charger is designed to charge a sealed and maintenance fee (SMF) battery during the presence of day light.
It will also limit the current and protect the battery to discharge through the solar cell in absence of day light.
4.3 Battery
The battery is used here to store energy generated in the solar cell and use the same in absence of sunlight i.e.
mainly during the night time. The battery used is a sealed and maintenance free battery of 4 Ah capacities.
4.4 LED as lighting source
LED is a semiconductor device which emits light when connected to power source. Basically it is a PN junction
diode. In forward biased condition it emits energy in the form of light. The collour of the emitted light depends on the
material used to develop the LED. The efficacy of light source is measured in lumens/watt. The efficacy of LED is
compatible with the present light source but the efficiency of LED lighting is very high. As there is no heat developed in
LEDs hence power towards heat will be reduced. The losses taking place will be in driver circuits which account for 10-15%
losses, thus a higher efficiency in the range of 85-90 % can be obtained. It makes LED as an energy efficient source of
lighting of coming days [8]. Power consumption of the designed light system is 3w.
V.
Results
Solar Radiation in watt/sqm
From the study it is found that the developed system can deliver power for four hours per day when the battery is
charged during the day time on a sunny day. The available solar radiation profile for a particular sunny day during 5:00 a.m.
to 5:00 p.m. is shown in Fig.3. From the Fig.3 it is seen that the duration of effective day light is around seven hours to
charge the battery.
1000
800
600
400
200
0
5:00 AM
8:00 AM
11:00 AM
2:00 PM
5:00 PM
Time in Hours
Figure 3: Variation of solar radiation on a sunny day
The scheme of measurement of output LUX of the lighting source has been shown in Figure 4. Lighting source is
placed on different vertical height and measurement of light flux has been taken in two positions namely A and B in the
Figure 4. Position A indicates the lighting flux on the working plane just under the lighting source. It is obvious that this
position will be the maximum LUX point on the working plane. Position B is the point on working plane at some defined
horizontal distances from the maximum LUX point. The vertical distance from source to working plane and horizontal
distance between position A and B on the working plane are 1, 2 and 3 feet respectively.
Figure 4: Illumination measurement in working plane
The output light flux for the designed system at different distances is shown in Table 2. The conventional lighting
system i.e. kerosene based lamp for the remote off grid area is also studied and shown in Table 3. Kerosene lantern is placed
on the working plane to quantify the available lighting flux. The measurement has been taken at 1, 2 and 3 feet distance with
LUX meter facing towards source and LUX meter placed on the working plane. From the comparative study it is clear that
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4. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep.-Oct. 2013 pp-3049-3052
ISSN: 2249-6645
the designed system is much better as far as lighting flux is concern. It is also important to mention that it can avoid the
health hazard on the occupants caused due to burning of fossil fuel.
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Sl. No.
1
2
3
Table 2: Illumination level on the working plane with the designed system
Distance
Illumination level when LUX meter Illumination level when LUX meter
(in feet)
at position A (in LUX)
at position B (in LUX)
1
2
3
125
33
13
30
7
3
Table 3: Illumination level on the working plane with the conventional kerosene lantern
Sl. No.
1
2
3
Distance
(in feet)
1
2
3
Illumination level when LUX meter
at position faced towards the source
(in LUX)
10
5
2
VI.
Illumination level when LUX meter
is placed in working plane (in LUX)
5
2
1
Calculation
Cost of the system designed is around Rs. 700. Now the cost of kerosene based hurricane lantern used in the rural
area for lighting is around Rs. 100. On an average the fuel consumption per household to run a lantern round the year is
around 40 litres. Now the yearly cost of fuel i.e. kerosene in this case is Rs.15X40 = Rs.600 assuming the cost of kerosene
per litre with Government subsidy as Rs. 15. Hence the replacement of kerosene based lantern with solar photovoltaic based
lighting system will demand a reasonable initial investment with payback period of 700/600 = 1.16 year i.e. one year two
months.
VII.
Conclusion
From the present study it can be concluded that the developed lighting system will eliminate the health hazard of
using low intensity kerosene based lighting system in the remote villages in India. At the same time, the study shows the
amount of savings kerosene and the initial investment of the system which reflects a reasonable payback period.
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