This document describes a project on hierarchical architecture for a microgrid system using solar and wind energy sources. It includes an introduction describing distributed power generation and the suitability of renewable sources. Block diagrams and simulations of photovoltaic solar cells and wind power generation are presented. Hardware results show an inverter circuit and rotating solar panels producing 80V output. The conclusion states that renewable sources provide clean energy while reducing pollution.

1. Hierarchical Architecture of
Microgrid
Group Id :- 77286
Prepared by
Prajapati Dixita B. (130800109075)
Rathod shivani S. (130800109083)
Vasavada urvi M. (130800109099)
Guided By
prof. Abhishek M. Patel

2. CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Literature Survey
3. Abstract
4. Project Aim & Objective
5. Block diagram
6. Simulation
7. Results of simulation
8. Circuit diagram & Hardware
9. Conclusion
10. References

3. INTRODUCTION
 The distribution power generation means that power
sources are widely distributed, so that power is generated
close to the place where it’s uses.
 Distribution generation is well suited to the use of some
renewable energy technologies, because they can be located
close to the user & can be installed in small increments to
match the load requirement of the customer.
 In this project the power is distributed by using renewable
sources which are solar and wind.

4. COMBINATION OF SOLAR & WIND
 Solar energy as shown in fig 1.1 carries most value as a
distributed energy source. Distributed energy means
energy produced at or close to the point of use. Distributed
generation typically ranges from 1 kilowatt to 5 megawatt
in capacity. This contrasts with central generation which is
associated with large 500 to 3000 megawatt generating
plants that are usually located at a distance from where
the energy is consumed..
figure 1.1

5. LITERATURE SURVEY
 The literature review was done on the research paper based on
the wind and solar grid integration using ac/dc coverters as a
distributed generation power sources.
 The abstract for the paper defines Renewable Energy
Resources are best practices possible today to stand against
increasingly risk of climate changes and global warming of the
world and the most important sources of such types of
resources of energies can be Wind and Solar energies which are
most the efficient relatively.
Grid Integration of wind-solar renewables using converter
as power sources

6. CONT.
 These clean power resources are used as in Distributed Generation
(DGs) units technology to be defined as newer sources of power,
which are in direct relation with the use of micro and smaller in
capacity power generating units that are installed in distribution part
of each power combined system or all the possible locations that
loads and energy consumers are concentrated.
 solar cells can generate the electricity required in the day while wind
turbines can compensate the needs in the night by wind energy.This
is exclusively where solar cells have gained more important effects
in electricity generation of the world.
 They are consisting of a sort of assembly of different cells together
to form a flat photovoltaic system to absorb the photons and
generate electricity by electrons energized in the circuit.
 The systems for conversion of energy of wind, use Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Generators that are usually installed to
generate electricity.

7. ABSTRACT
The advent of micro grid has enticed a lot of interest in the
research of distribution generation thereby bringing into
existence an intelligent electrical generation networks. It
ensures security, reliability, stability, and sustainable of
energy. Micro grid may include both renewable and non-
renewable energy sources. It has been proven to possess
the promising potential of providing clean, efficient, and
reliable power. The energy sources include solar
photovoltaic, wind, fuel cell, micro turbine, bio- mass micro
hydro. Various architecture of a micro grid are available
and are developed the factors dependable upon availability
of renewable resources, geographical location, load demand.
For effective and efficient operation unlike main grid, it
needs to employ special and control this is so because of
combination of conventional and renewable energy sources.

8. PROJECT AIM AND OBJECTIVES
 The main aim of the project is to attain the full peak electrification
over the nationwide. The system of consisting interconnected power
system creates the most efficient power network but the one of the
major drawback includes the derailment of the rural areas from the
transmitting areas. The rural areas have very less reach ability over the
electrification cables.
 So the usage of microgrid can separate out the areas under such
schemes and are thus protected from full darkness over a specific
period of time.
 The major objectives regarding the architecturing of the microgrid
includes the backup power transmitting system as a solar system and
the wind energy the use of this energy would be quite efficient as the
system reaches the highest efficiency over a minimum time. The most
creative way to bag out the system is to propagate the use of
renewable source of energy or the non convention source of energy.
This system will provide the highest efficacy over a short period of
time.

9. figure 4.1

10. CONT.
 The most creative way to bag out the system is to propagate the use
of renewable source of energy or the non convention source of
energy. This system will provide the highest efficacy over a short
period of time.
 This project focuses on wind and solar as energy sources for
electricity production since they have huge resource potential, this
are accessible with existing technology, are the focus of numerous
current and proposed policies. The three major factors to greater use
of solar and wind electricity are higher costs than many alternative
electricity sources, insufficient transmission, and management of the
variable electricity output from these sources.

11. Block diagrams
figure 5.1

12. SIMULATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
 We had connected six solar cells in series for the creation of a one
line of simulation. The simulation is done in matlab software with
the help of simelectronics.
 There is a direct application of solar cell in simelectronics figure 6.1
 The use of the solar cells are then connected with parallel and an
photovoltaic panel is made. The combination of the solar cells will
create the increase the power as it is the product of voltage and
current we obtained voltage ampere in terms of unit of power
 Simulation of solar cell is in figure 6.2

13. figure 6.1

14. figure 6.2

15. SIMULATION OF WIND POWER
GENERATION
 As frequency exists only in AC system, whenever the
change in DC is pertained, it will remove the frequency
issues. For this purpose the wind simulation is made on the
basis of the above components.
 It includes a step wise Rectifier and inverter. This will
cause the improved efficiency as well as decreased in losses
is obtained.
 Simulation of wind power generation is shown in figure 6.3.

16. WIND POWER GENERATION
figure 6.3

17. SIMULATION RESULT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
figure 7.1

18. SIMULATION RESULT OF THREE PHASE
WIND POWER GENERATION
figure 7.2

19. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF INVERTER
figure 8.1

20. HARDWARE OF THE INVERTER
figure 8.2

21. RELAY CIRCUIT
figure 8.3

22. HARDWARE
OF PROJECT
figure 9.1

23. CONCLUSION
 The renewable energy sources provide the clean and green energy
and also it will reduce the pollutions. Rotating solar cells requires
less floor area. We have also conclude that by the hardware of the
rotating solar cells, the cooling effect will increase and it will
stabilize the efficiency a higher heat reaching. We are getting 80v
output by using rotating solar panels.

24. REFERENCES
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involving products of Bessel functions,” Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp.
529-551, April 1955. (references)
 J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol. 2. Oxford:
Clarendon, 1892, pp.68-73.
 I.S. Jacobs and C.P. Bean, “Fine particles, thin films and exchange anisotropy,” in
Magnetism, vol. III, G.T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271-
350.
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in press.
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Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740-741, August 1987 [Digests 9th Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan,
p. 301, 1982].
 M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science,
1989.
 Chen Jian; Che Yanbo; Zhao Lihua; "Design and research of off-grid wind-solar
hybrid power generation systems" , Power Electronics Systems and Applications
(PESA), 2011 4th International Conference on Date : 8-10 June 2011, page(s): 1-5
 Yuehua Huang; Yang Xu ; Xingchen Zhou ; "Study on wind-solar hybrid generating
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on, 26-28 July 2011, pages: 773 -776

25. Thank you