The document is a curriculum guide for teaching Mother Tongue (MT) from grades 1 to 10 under the Philippines' K to 12 Basic Education Program. It lays out the framework and principles for implementing Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE), which uses the student's mother tongue as the primary language of instruction. The goals are to develop literacy and higher-order thinking skills in the first language in order to facilitate learning of additional languages like Filipino and English, as well as academic subjects. Key aspects covered include developing oral proficiency in the first language before introducing reading and writing, drawing on student's prior knowledge, and creating a classroom environment that values student's home language and culture.