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CUBISM Katie Reily Stacey Klonowski “ Girl with Mandolin” 1910 - Picasso

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Science and Art <ul><li>Science was rapidly changing </li></ul><ul><li>Old notions of matter, time, and space are shattered </li></ul><ul><li>Albert Einstein, Max Planck, and Neils Bohr introduced a new theory of the atom </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Bohr introduced Quantum theory </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Everything is broken down into a “quanta” of energy. </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Einstein introduced Special Theory of Relativity </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Changed three dimensional space </li></ul></ul></ul>

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What is Cubism? <ul><li>First abstract art style </li></ul><ul><li>Used simple shapes </li></ul><ul><li>Ignored color in beginning </li></ul><ul><li>Lacks elements of light, atmosphere, and space </li></ul><ul><li>Gave depth and richness to painting </li></ul><ul><li>Overlapping Fragments </li></ul><ul><li>Reality of objects in space, reality of flat painted surface </li></ul>

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“ Accordionist” Picasso 1911

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What is Cubism…? Continued <ul><li>Disregard physical laws of nature. </li></ul><ul><li>Spatial relationships without traditional perspective </li></ul><ul><li>Light and shade not used to convey depth </li></ul><ul><li>Figures broken down into jagged planes of color </li></ul><ul><li>Figures broken down into more than one location in space. </li></ul><ul><li>Two major phases: analytical and synthetic </li></ul>

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“ Violin and Pitcher” Braque 1910

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How did Cubism get its name? <ul><li>Cubism got its name from remarks from the painter Henri Matisse and critic Louis Vauxcelles. </li></ul><ul><li>They saw Braque’s work &quot;Houses at L'Estaque&quot; and mocked it saying “everything is broken down into cubes.” </li></ul>

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Cubism Influence <ul><li>Post Impressionism – Gauguin – greatly influence Pablo Picasso </li></ul><ul><li>Impressionist – Cezanne – greatly influenced George Braque </li></ul><ul><li>African Influence – greatly influenced Picasso’s early works </li></ul><ul><li>Direct reaction to Fauvism </li></ul>

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African Influence African Mask 1900 “ Three Women” Picasso 1908

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Gauguin Influence “ Mandolina with Flowers” Gauguin 1883 “ Composition with Skull” Picasso 1907

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Cezanne Influence “ Monte Sainte-Victoire” 1904 Cezanne “ Fishing Boats” 1909 Braque

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Analytic Cubism (1909-1911) <ul><li>First Cubism phase </li></ul><ul><li>Monochromatic colors (tans, browns, grays, creams, greens, blues) </li></ul><ul><li>Based on reducing natural forms to basic geometrical parts. </li></ul><ul><li>Focused more on intellect than emotion </li></ul>

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Synthetic Cubism (1912-1919) <ul><li>Grew out of analytical </li></ul><ul><li>Wider use of color </li></ul><ul><li>Wider use of materials </li></ul><ul><li>Papier Colle introduced </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Type of collage </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Appealing and easier to interpret </li></ul><ul><li>Less intricate </li></ul><ul><li>Added substances like sand to paint to make it appear thicker </li></ul>

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Analytic vs. Synthetic <ul><li>Based on intellect </li></ul><ul><li>Monochromatic color palette </li></ul><ul><li>Reduce object to basic geometric shapes </li></ul><ul><li>Linear construction </li></ul><ul><li>Less intricate </li></ul><ul><li>More color </li></ul><ul><li>More appealing </li></ul><ul><li>Collage </li></ul><ul><li>Objects less recognizable </li></ul><ul><li>Less shading </li></ul><ul><li>Added substance to paint </li></ul>

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Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) <ul><li>Spanish painter and sculptor </li></ul><ul><li>Took the sculpture approach which lead to creation of Cubism </li></ul><ul><li>Stated forms and volumes in basic simplicity </li></ul>

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1907 - Picasso “ Les Demoiselles d’Avignon”

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“ The Guitar Player” 1910 Picasso

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“ Ma Jolie” (Woman with Zither or Guitar) 1911 Picasso

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“ Girl with Mandolin” 1910 - Picasso

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“ Glass and Bottle of Suze” Picasso 1912

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“ Woman in an Arm Chair” 1913 Picasso

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“ Still-life with Fruit-dish on a table” 1915 Picasso

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George Braque (1882-1963) <ul><li>French painter </li></ul><ul><li>Saw solid reality of objects </li></ul><ul><li>Impressionist, Fauvist, then Cubist </li></ul><ul><li>Painted mainly scenery </li></ul><ul><li>Introduced faux bois. (The appearance of stenciling in his paintings) </li></ul>

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“ Fruit Dish” 1909 Braque

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“ Bottle and Fishes” 1910 Braque

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“ Violin and Candlestick” 1910 Braque

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“ Bottle, newspaper, pipe, and glass” 1913 Braque

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“ Fruit Dish, Ace of Clubs” 1913 Braque

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“ Still Life on a Table: Gillete” 1914 Braque

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Braque and Picasso <ul><li>Worked together until end of synthetic cubism </li></ul><ul><li>Thought more about forging language of cubism than about aesthetic value of subject. </li></ul><ul><li>Common concern for accurate representation of reality </li></ul><ul><li>Always relied on intuition </li></ul><ul><li>Limited role of light </li></ul><ul><li>Reduced palette to neutral range of grays </li></ul><ul><li>Work could not be differentiated in early Cubism </li></ul><ul><li>Braque and Picasso split in 1914 at the start of WWI </li></ul>

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“ Man with Guitar” 1911 Braque “ Ma Jolie” 1911 Picasso

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Juan Gris (1887-1927) <ul><li>Spanish painter </li></ul><ul><li>Six years younger than Braque and Picasso </li></ul><ul><li>Mostly synthetic cubism </li></ul><ul><li>Used bright colors unlike Braque and Picasso </li></ul><ul><li>Also known as a True Cubist </li></ul>

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“ Portrait of Picasso” 1912 Gris

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“ Guitar on a Chair” 1913 Gris

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“ The Guitar” 1913 Gris

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Cubism Influence on Later Art <ul><li>WWI ended </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Purists </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Dadaists </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Surrealists </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>All branched off of Cubism </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Conclusion <ul><li>Picasso, Gris, and Braque are the three main Cubists </li></ul><ul><li>African art, Gauguin, and Cezanne are major influences </li></ul><ul><li>Simplified objects by cutting them down into geometric shapes and showing them from different angles and planes </li></ul><ul><li>Two major phases, analytic and synthetic </li></ul>

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THE END