The document is an industrial training report submitted by Paras Pratap during their internship at C&S Electric Ltd. It includes an introduction to the company profile, details about the training such as the plant layout and processes, and information about ring main units (RMUs) including their parts, features, types, and the tank assembly process. The report provides an overview of the internship experience and lessons learned about medium voltage switchgear manufacturing.
This document discusses transformer protection. Transformers are critical and expensive components that require protection to limit damage from faults. Protection methods include Buchholz relays, which detect gases from arcing; pressure relays, which detect pressure waves from arcing; and thermal relays, which monitor hot spot temperatures. Protection aims to quickly isolate transformers under abnormal conditions like faults, overloads, or overvoltages to prevent failures and simplify repairs.
The document describes the 132kV Vaishali substation of the Uttar Pradesh Power Transmission Corporation Limited. It discusses the key components of the substation including transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, capacitor banks, relays, and more. The substation receives power from two incoming 132kV lines and distributes it to various outgoing 33kV feeders serving the local area. Diagrams are provided to illustrate the layout and components that make up the substation.
This document is a report on a 6-week industrial training completed by Shubham Patel at the 220/132/33 KV substation in Barahuwa, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It provides an overview of the substation, including its equipment like transformers ranging from 160MVA to 40MVA, incoming and outgoing transmission lines, and components within the substation like busbars, circuit breakers, protective relays, and current and voltage transformers. The report also discusses the selection of substation sites and provides a definition and overview of different types of substations.
Uttar pradesh power corparation ltd. training report19saurabh89
The document provides details about a 220/132 kV substation in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. It discusses the key components of the substation including transformers, bus bars, insulators, circuit breakers, metering equipment, and protection systems. Specifically, it notes that the main bus is connected to various transmission lines and has a total capacity of 320 MVA for 132 kV. Transformers step down the voltage from 220 kV to 132 kV and 33 kV. Various feeders transmit power from the substation to surrounding areas. Protection, metering, capacitors, and other equipment are also described.
1. The document discusses the equipment used in a 33/11 kV substation, including busbars to connect generators and feeders, insulators to support conductors and confine current, circuit breakers to open circuits during faults, protective relays to detect faults and trip circuit breakers, instrument transformers to step down voltages and currents for metering, meters for monitoring circuit quantities, transformers to step down transmission voltages to distribution levels, capacitor banks to improve power factor, isolating switches to disconnect parts of the system, and lightning arrestors to protect equipment from lightning strikes.
2. A 33/11 kV substation is an important link between the transmission and distribution networks that transforms power from higher transmission voltages to
A training report on 132 KV GSS, BHADOTI, sawai madhopurdilkhush009
The document provides an overview of the Rajasthan State Electricity Board (RSEB) in India and describes its evolution over time. Some key points:
- RSEB was established in July 1957 to reliably supply electricity to the state of Rajasthan when its electricity capacity was very low.
- In 2000, RSEB was unbundled into separate companies for generation, transmission, and distribution of power.
- It discusses the various substations under RSEB/RRVPNL including the 132KV GSS Bhadoti substation, its equipment, layout, and incoming/outgoing feeders.
The load dispatch center monitors and controls the power system to ensure reliable power supply. It collects data using a SCADA system and oversees elements like generators, transformers, and transmission lines. The load dispatch center performs economic and secure operation of the power system, and works to restore power lines after faults. It is responsible for functions like load forecasting, outage monitoring, voltage regulation, load scheduling, and coordination between grids.
This document summarizes a study on the electricity distribution system, substation operations, and maintenance at DESCO. It provides an overview of DESCO and Bangladesh's power sector, describes the supply chain and infrastructure from generation to consumers. It then details the key equipment at substations, such as transformers and circuit breakers, and the maintenance procedures. It also discusses DESCO's goals like increasing access to electricity and reducing losses, as well as their plans to expand operations to meet rising demand.
This document discusses transformer protection. Transformers are critical and expensive components that require protection to limit damage from faults. Protection methods include Buchholz relays, which detect gases from arcing; pressure relays, which detect pressure waves from arcing; and thermal relays, which monitor hot spot temperatures. Protection aims to quickly isolate transformers under abnormal conditions like faults, overloads, or overvoltages to prevent failures and simplify repairs.
The document describes the 132kV Vaishali substation of the Uttar Pradesh Power Transmission Corporation Limited. It discusses the key components of the substation including transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, capacitor banks, relays, and more. The substation receives power from two incoming 132kV lines and distributes it to various outgoing 33kV feeders serving the local area. Diagrams are provided to illustrate the layout and components that make up the substation.
This document is a report on a 6-week industrial training completed by Shubham Patel at the 220/132/33 KV substation in Barahuwa, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It provides an overview of the substation, including its equipment like transformers ranging from 160MVA to 40MVA, incoming and outgoing transmission lines, and components within the substation like busbars, circuit breakers, protective relays, and current and voltage transformers. The report also discusses the selection of substation sites and provides a definition and overview of different types of substations.
Uttar pradesh power corparation ltd. training report19saurabh89
The document provides details about a 220/132 kV substation in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. It discusses the key components of the substation including transformers, bus bars, insulators, circuit breakers, metering equipment, and protection systems. Specifically, it notes that the main bus is connected to various transmission lines and has a total capacity of 320 MVA for 132 kV. Transformers step down the voltage from 220 kV to 132 kV and 33 kV. Various feeders transmit power from the substation to surrounding areas. Protection, metering, capacitors, and other equipment are also described.
1. The document discusses the equipment used in a 33/11 kV substation, including busbars to connect generators and feeders, insulators to support conductors and confine current, circuit breakers to open circuits during faults, protective relays to detect faults and trip circuit breakers, instrument transformers to step down voltages and currents for metering, meters for monitoring circuit quantities, transformers to step down transmission voltages to distribution levels, capacitor banks to improve power factor, isolating switches to disconnect parts of the system, and lightning arrestors to protect equipment from lightning strikes.
2. A 33/11 kV substation is an important link between the transmission and distribution networks that transforms power from higher transmission voltages to
A training report on 132 KV GSS, BHADOTI, sawai madhopurdilkhush009
The document provides an overview of the Rajasthan State Electricity Board (RSEB) in India and describes its evolution over time. Some key points:
- RSEB was established in July 1957 to reliably supply electricity to the state of Rajasthan when its electricity capacity was very low.
- In 2000, RSEB was unbundled into separate companies for generation, transmission, and distribution of power.
- It discusses the various substations under RSEB/RRVPNL including the 132KV GSS Bhadoti substation, its equipment, layout, and incoming/outgoing feeders.
The load dispatch center monitors and controls the power system to ensure reliable power supply. It collects data using a SCADA system and oversees elements like generators, transformers, and transmission lines. The load dispatch center performs economic and secure operation of the power system, and works to restore power lines after faults. It is responsible for functions like load forecasting, outage monitoring, voltage regulation, load scheduling, and coordination between grids.
This document summarizes a study on the electricity distribution system, substation operations, and maintenance at DESCO. It provides an overview of DESCO and Bangladesh's power sector, describes the supply chain and infrastructure from generation to consumers. It then details the key equipment at substations, such as transformers and circuit breakers, and the maintenance procedures. It also discusses DESCO's goals like increasing access to electricity and reducing losses, as well as their plans to expand operations to meet rising demand.
Report on industrial summer training on 220 kv substationAshutosh Srivastava
The document is a report submitted by Ashutosh Srivastava detailing his 6-week summer training at the 220/132 kV substation in Barahuwa, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It includes sections on the equipment found at a typical 220kV substation such as busbars, isolators, circuit breakers, transformers, and instrument transformers. It also discusses the selection of suitable substation sites and provides an overview of Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited, the organization responsible for electricity transmission and distribution in Uttar Pradesh.
132 kv gss summer training report from CPWD vidhyadar nagar jaipurramesh kumawat
This document provides a summary of a training report submitted for a degree in electrical engineering. It describes the key equipment and components at the 132kV Grid Sub Station (GSS) in Jaipur, including incoming 132kV feeders, outgoing 33kV feeders, lightning arrestors, bus bars, isolators, insulators, the control room, power line carrier communication systems, current transformers, capacitive voltage transformers, circuit breakers, and relays. The training at the grid substation helped improve the author's theoretical understanding of electrical power transmission and distribution, and allowed them to observe maintenance activities and remote control of equipment from the control room.
The document provides an overview of the 33/11kV Phidim substation located in Phidim, Panchthar district, Nepal. It was established in 2058 BS by Nepal Electricity Authority. The substation steps down electricity from the national 33kV grid to 11kV to supply power to local areas. It is responsible for controlling energy exchange, load shedding, fault analysis and improving the transmission system. The substation layout, single line diagram, and organizational structure are presented. Key equipment used includes transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, lightning arrestors, and insulators.
This document provides information about the construction, components, testing, operation, protection and maintenance of a 132kV switchyard. It includes details about the bus bars, circuit breakers, current transformers, potential transformers, wave traps, isolators, control and protection schemes. The key components of the switchyard are described along with their ratings and testing procedures. The operational modes and protection philosophy are also summarized.
PPT ON SUMMER TRAINING FROM UPPCL 132/33 KV SUB STATIONSwatantra SwAt
The document discusses the key components and operations of a 132/33kV grid substation located in Allahabad, India. It provides details on the location, equipment capacities, transformer types, protection devices, and sequencing of components for incoming and outgoing feeders. The substation aims to safely transform and distribute electricity to consumers while protecting equipment from faults using devices like circuit breakers, relays, and earthing systems. Practical experience at the substation enhanced the trainee's theoretical understanding of power transmission and distribution.
PPT ON 220KV Grid sub-station at Gandhi nagar, Jagatpura, Jaipur
It's very easy ppt for electrical engineering & EC engineering student for training of gss.
you can see my ppt on Slidshare...
Operational description of 400kv switchyard NTPC Ramagundam RSTPSPradeep Avanigadda
400 KV Switchyard of Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station is the most vital switching station in the southern Grid. 2600 MW of Bulk Power generated by three 200 MW Units and four 500 MW Units of NTPC Ramagundam is evacuated for supplying to the southern states.
Switchyard consists of four 400 KV busbars fed by 7 Nos. of generators, 10 Nos. of 400 KV feeders, 3 Nos of 220 KV feeders and two nos. of 132 Kv feeders as shown in the single line diagram of 400 Kv switch yard.
In addition to the above, four nos. of Tie Transformers, five nos. of Auto transformers, two nos. of Shunt Reactors and one Bus reactor are provided.
This document provides information about a 132/33 kv sub-station, including a single line diagram and descriptions of its main components. It discusses the transformer, types of transformers, lightning arresters, relays, circuit breakers and their operating principles. The transformer uses electromagnetic induction to transfer energy between coils. Lightning arresters protect equipment from surges, while relays and circuit breakers detect faults and interrupt current flow to protect circuits.
This document discusses various control strategies for power sharing in AC microgrids, including droop control approaches. It provides details on several types of droop control methods and their advantages and drawbacks. Specifically, it describes conventional droop control based on frequency-power (P/f) and voltage-reactive power (Q/V) drooping characteristics. It also discusses voltage-power droop and frequency-reactive power boosting control for microgrids with resistive lines, as well as complex line impedance-based droop control methods.
This document provides an overview of the key components of a 132kV substation, including: circuit breakers, protective relays, lightning arresters, bus bars, switches, the control room, transformers, power line carrier communication (PLCC), and remote terminal units (RTU). It describes the basic functions of these components in powering homes and businesses safely and efficiently.
1) Differential protection compares currents flowing into and out of a protected zone. A difference indicates an internal fault. Modern relays use microprocessors to compare currents.
2) Differential protection is applied to transformers by taking the transformation ratio into account. Ratios of current transformers (CTs) on the high voltage and low voltage sides must match the transformer ratio.
3) Restricted earth fault protection monitors residual current to protect transformer windings against earth faults, providing coverage where overcurrent protection is insufficient.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a 33/11 kV substation in Uttar Pradesh, India. It discusses the key components of the substation including transformers, circuit breakers, insulators, and earthing systems. The substation steps down power from 33 kV to 11 kV and distributes it to nearby areas. Earthing is an important consideration in substation design for safety and preventing potential gradients. Transformers, circuit breakers, and other equipment are discussed in terms of their functions and specifications at this particular substation.
Nowadays, it is very important to maintain voltage level. Controlling of that voltage is also important. This Presentation contains methods of voltage control.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on a summer training at a 132/33 kV sub-station in Allahabad, India. It discusses key equipment used in sub-stations including transformers, protection devices like Buchholz relays and silica gel breathers, cooling equipment, and other critical infrastructure like circuit breakers, capacitor banks, potential and current transformers, isolators, and insulators. It also describes the functions of this equipment and why they are important components of the power distribution system.
The document discusses the components and functions of a 220kV substation in Sikar, India. It describes the key elements such as transformers, circuit breakers, bus bars, protective relays, and their purposes. The substation receives power from multiple incoming feeders and distributes it to various outgoing feeders to supply electricity at different voltages.
A brief about 33kv Substation........
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want some help in your ppt or in any project visit..
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1. The document describes a 220kV substation in Firozabad, including its layout and main equipment.
2. The substation has a panel section containing control and relay panels, and a switchyard section with components like circuit breakers, isolators, transformers and lightning arrestors.
3. Key equipment discussed include transformers, current and voltage transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, lightning arrestors, wave traps and protective relays like Buchholz relays.
The document is a presentation on the Liluah 132/33/25 KV substation in West Bengal. It includes acknowledgments, a single line diagram of the substation, and sections covering various equipment found at the substation like electrical busbars, protective relay schemes, lightning protection, isolators, capacitor banks, powerline carrier communication, batteries, earth transformers, traction transformers, station service transformers, and power transformers. Technical specifications are provided for some of the major equipment.
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated switch that protects electrical circuits from damage caused by overload or short circuit. It detects faults and interrupts the electrical current to prevent damage. Unlike fuses, circuit breakers can be reset to resume operation after tripping. There are many types for different voltage applications, from small household breakers to large high voltage breakers that protect power grids. They operate by detecting faults, using mechanisms like springs or compressed air to quickly open contacts and interrupt the current, and different techniques to extinguish any electric arc formed upon opening.
This document is a seminar report on circuit breakers presented by Gaurav Gangwar to partially fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electrical Engineering. The report provides an introduction to circuit breakers and their purpose in protecting electrical systems from overcurrents. It describes various types of circuit breakers and how they operate, discussing elements like thermal and magnetic trip mechanisms. The report also covers topics like National Electrical Code requirements, circuit breaker ratings, types of overcurrents, and short circuits.
Report on industrial summer training on 220 kv substationAshutosh Srivastava
The document is a report submitted by Ashutosh Srivastava detailing his 6-week summer training at the 220/132 kV substation in Barahuwa, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It includes sections on the equipment found at a typical 220kV substation such as busbars, isolators, circuit breakers, transformers, and instrument transformers. It also discusses the selection of suitable substation sites and provides an overview of Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited, the organization responsible for electricity transmission and distribution in Uttar Pradesh.
132 kv gss summer training report from CPWD vidhyadar nagar jaipurramesh kumawat
This document provides a summary of a training report submitted for a degree in electrical engineering. It describes the key equipment and components at the 132kV Grid Sub Station (GSS) in Jaipur, including incoming 132kV feeders, outgoing 33kV feeders, lightning arrestors, bus bars, isolators, insulators, the control room, power line carrier communication systems, current transformers, capacitive voltage transformers, circuit breakers, and relays. The training at the grid substation helped improve the author's theoretical understanding of electrical power transmission and distribution, and allowed them to observe maintenance activities and remote control of equipment from the control room.
The document provides an overview of the 33/11kV Phidim substation located in Phidim, Panchthar district, Nepal. It was established in 2058 BS by Nepal Electricity Authority. The substation steps down electricity from the national 33kV grid to 11kV to supply power to local areas. It is responsible for controlling energy exchange, load shedding, fault analysis and improving the transmission system. The substation layout, single line diagram, and organizational structure are presented. Key equipment used includes transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, lightning arrestors, and insulators.
This document provides information about the construction, components, testing, operation, protection and maintenance of a 132kV switchyard. It includes details about the bus bars, circuit breakers, current transformers, potential transformers, wave traps, isolators, control and protection schemes. The key components of the switchyard are described along with their ratings and testing procedures. The operational modes and protection philosophy are also summarized.
PPT ON SUMMER TRAINING FROM UPPCL 132/33 KV SUB STATIONSwatantra SwAt
The document discusses the key components and operations of a 132/33kV grid substation located in Allahabad, India. It provides details on the location, equipment capacities, transformer types, protection devices, and sequencing of components for incoming and outgoing feeders. The substation aims to safely transform and distribute electricity to consumers while protecting equipment from faults using devices like circuit breakers, relays, and earthing systems. Practical experience at the substation enhanced the trainee's theoretical understanding of power transmission and distribution.
PPT ON 220KV Grid sub-station at Gandhi nagar, Jagatpura, Jaipur
It's very easy ppt for electrical engineering & EC engineering student for training of gss.
you can see my ppt on Slidshare...
Operational description of 400kv switchyard NTPC Ramagundam RSTPSPradeep Avanigadda
400 KV Switchyard of Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station is the most vital switching station in the southern Grid. 2600 MW of Bulk Power generated by three 200 MW Units and four 500 MW Units of NTPC Ramagundam is evacuated for supplying to the southern states.
Switchyard consists of four 400 KV busbars fed by 7 Nos. of generators, 10 Nos. of 400 KV feeders, 3 Nos of 220 KV feeders and two nos. of 132 Kv feeders as shown in the single line diagram of 400 Kv switch yard.
In addition to the above, four nos. of Tie Transformers, five nos. of Auto transformers, two nos. of Shunt Reactors and one Bus reactor are provided.
This document provides information about a 132/33 kv sub-station, including a single line diagram and descriptions of its main components. It discusses the transformer, types of transformers, lightning arresters, relays, circuit breakers and their operating principles. The transformer uses electromagnetic induction to transfer energy between coils. Lightning arresters protect equipment from surges, while relays and circuit breakers detect faults and interrupt current flow to protect circuits.
This document discusses various control strategies for power sharing in AC microgrids, including droop control approaches. It provides details on several types of droop control methods and their advantages and drawbacks. Specifically, it describes conventional droop control based on frequency-power (P/f) and voltage-reactive power (Q/V) drooping characteristics. It also discusses voltage-power droop and frequency-reactive power boosting control for microgrids with resistive lines, as well as complex line impedance-based droop control methods.
This document provides an overview of the key components of a 132kV substation, including: circuit breakers, protective relays, lightning arresters, bus bars, switches, the control room, transformers, power line carrier communication (PLCC), and remote terminal units (RTU). It describes the basic functions of these components in powering homes and businesses safely and efficiently.
1) Differential protection compares currents flowing into and out of a protected zone. A difference indicates an internal fault. Modern relays use microprocessors to compare currents.
2) Differential protection is applied to transformers by taking the transformation ratio into account. Ratios of current transformers (CTs) on the high voltage and low voltage sides must match the transformer ratio.
3) Restricted earth fault protection monitors residual current to protect transformer windings against earth faults, providing coverage where overcurrent protection is insufficient.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a 33/11 kV substation in Uttar Pradesh, India. It discusses the key components of the substation including transformers, circuit breakers, insulators, and earthing systems. The substation steps down power from 33 kV to 11 kV and distributes it to nearby areas. Earthing is an important consideration in substation design for safety and preventing potential gradients. Transformers, circuit breakers, and other equipment are discussed in terms of their functions and specifications at this particular substation.
Nowadays, it is very important to maintain voltage level. Controlling of that voltage is also important. This Presentation contains methods of voltage control.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on a summer training at a 132/33 kV sub-station in Allahabad, India. It discusses key equipment used in sub-stations including transformers, protection devices like Buchholz relays and silica gel breathers, cooling equipment, and other critical infrastructure like circuit breakers, capacitor banks, potential and current transformers, isolators, and insulators. It also describes the functions of this equipment and why they are important components of the power distribution system.
The document discusses the components and functions of a 220kV substation in Sikar, India. It describes the key elements such as transformers, circuit breakers, bus bars, protective relays, and their purposes. The substation receives power from multiple incoming feeders and distributes it to various outgoing feeders to supply electricity at different voltages.
A brief about 33kv Substation........
like and share.................
want some help in your ppt or in any project visit..
https://www.fiverr.com/dawachya
1. The document describes a 220kV substation in Firozabad, including its layout and main equipment.
2. The substation has a panel section containing control and relay panels, and a switchyard section with components like circuit breakers, isolators, transformers and lightning arrestors.
3. Key equipment discussed include transformers, current and voltage transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, lightning arrestors, wave traps and protective relays like Buchholz relays.
The document is a presentation on the Liluah 132/33/25 KV substation in West Bengal. It includes acknowledgments, a single line diagram of the substation, and sections covering various equipment found at the substation like electrical busbars, protective relay schemes, lightning protection, isolators, capacitor banks, powerline carrier communication, batteries, earth transformers, traction transformers, station service transformers, and power transformers. Technical specifications are provided for some of the major equipment.
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated switch that protects electrical circuits from damage caused by overload or short circuit. It detects faults and interrupts the electrical current to prevent damage. Unlike fuses, circuit breakers can be reset to resume operation after tripping. There are many types for different voltage applications, from small household breakers to large high voltage breakers that protect power grids. They operate by detecting faults, using mechanisms like springs or compressed air to quickly open contacts and interrupt the current, and different techniques to extinguish any electric arc formed upon opening.
This document is a seminar report on circuit breakers presented by Gaurav Gangwar to partially fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electrical Engineering. The report provides an introduction to circuit breakers and their purpose in protecting electrical systems from overcurrents. It describes various types of circuit breakers and how they operate, discussing elements like thermal and magnetic trip mechanisms. The report also covers topics like National Electrical Code requirements, circuit breaker ratings, types of overcurrents, and short circuits.
AUTOMATED PRODUCTION OF MCB REPORT (Repaired) (1)Ankit Kumar
This document provides an overview of an internship project on automating the production of miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) at Havells India Ltd. in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh. It discusses the company background, the need for MCBs, their components and assembly process. The project involves automating various stages of MCB production including spot welding, knob assembly, and testing using sensors to increase productivity and quality.
Summer Training project report in C&S Electric Ltd.Anil Dhankhar
1. The document analyzes brand awareness and acceptability of Wintrip MCB amongst retailers in the NCR region of India.
2. A survey was conducted with 170 retailers to understand brand awareness, quality perceptions, pricing, sales service and payment preferences for Wintrip MCB.
3. The analysis found high brand awareness, with retailers rating the quality and sales service of Wintrip MCB as excellent. However, some improvements were recommended such as increasing marketing, guarantee, and supply timeliness.
Today we are not talking about checking by manufacturers, this article (How to Check the Quality of MCB Circuit Breaker PDF) is about helping you, the buyer, check the quality of the MCB electrical before its delivery. This will be different from routine check and final confirmation check and some manufacturers may be not keen to provide this information. The checking includes:
Appearance examination
External and internal main material inspection
Mechanical operation
Performance inspection
1) Delay test-1.13In
2) Delay test-1.45In
3) Delay test-2.55In
4) Instantaneous test
5) Power-frequency withstand voltage test
With a list of tests carried out above, you can decide if this batch of breakers is qualified or not, if unqualified, inform the factory regarding the points which should be improved.
Manufacturers can't hide anything from you once you know how to check the quality of MCB circuit breaker. It is best to appoint the material for key parts in the contract! And also remember: you always get what you pay for!
For more useful manuals, please visit www.miniature-circuit-breaker.com!
The document provides information about an industrial training report completed by Paras Pratap at C&S Electric Ltd. It includes an introduction to the company, which is a leading manufacturer of electrical equipment in India. It then discusses the trainee's experience, including an overview of the plant layout and processes, an introduction to ring main units produced by C&S, and details about tank assembly and testing procedures.
Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs) provide overcurrent protection in electrical circuits. MCBs have replaced traditional fuses in many applications. MCBs have three main components: a thermal unit to sense overloads, a magnetic unit to sense short circuits, and arc chutes to suppress arcs. When too much current flows, the bimetal in the thermal unit bends and trips the circuit. For short circuits, a magnetic field trips the circuit. MCBs can be reset by flipping the switch after a fault is corrected, while fuses must be replaced. MCBs are more compact, reusable, and provide easier fault identification than fuses.
MCB stands for Miniature Circuit Breaker. It is a manually or automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. It detects fault conditions and interrupts current flow, unlike a fuse which must be replaced after operating. MCBs protect individual appliances up to large high voltage circuits for cities. They automatically switch off circuits during abnormal network conditions like overloads or faults. MCBs are more sensitive to overcurrent than fuses but can be reset to resume operation, while an advantage of fuses is they are less costly than MCB systems.
The document is a product catalogue from Novatek Electro that describes several microcontroller-based protection and automation devices. It includes:
1) Introductions of Novatek Electro and its research, design, and manufacturing capabilities for innovative microcontroller devices.
2) Descriptions of several single phase and three phase voltage monitoring relays that protect loads from voltage fluctuations and provide additional functions.
3) Details of timing relays and a multifunctional programmable timer that can automate processes based on time, light, and voltage conditions.
We are an ISO 9001:2008 certified company, Consisting of highly experienced specialists in the field of engineering in Microprocessor Based Devices as well as engineers of control and safe operation of all types of electric circuits and power systems. In addition NOVATEK-ELECTRO has number of research workers, scientists with Ph.D. degree, research engineers and specialists in precise electronics, laser technology, etc.
Faisal is an electrical engineer seeking a challenging role to further develop his extensive technical skills. He has over 3 years of experience in leadership roles with multinational companies, including currently working as an electrical engineer at an 84 MW power plant. His areas of expertise include grid station protection, instrumentation, and maintenance.
Delta RPI M10A Three Phase Commercial InverterShane Arnold
This document provides information on Delta's 10kW grid-connect PV inverter. Key details include:
- Delta offers a 5-year warranty as the world's largest power electronics company.
- The inverter has a transformerless design, dual MPP trackers, wide voltage range, high efficiency rating, and IP65 protection.
- Delta is a leading manufacturer of power electronics with over 40 years of experience and global operations.
- The document provides specifications for the inverter's inputs, outputs, monitoring capabilities, certifications and dimensions.
High-Tension (HT) substations play a pivotal role in electricity transmission, serving as crucial nodes in power distribution networks. These substations step up voltages for efficient long-distance transmission and step them down for local distribution. Through state-of-the-art equipment and meticulous maintenance, HT substations ensure reliable and uninterrupted power supply to meet the growing energy demands of modern society.
IRJET- Multi-Level Inverter for Solar On-Grid System DesignIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the design of a multi-level inverter for a solar on-grid system to provide clean and sustainable energy from photovoltaic systems.
2) A key component of grid-connected photovoltaic systems is the inverter, and multi-level inverters offer benefits like lower total harmonic distortion.
3) The proposed system includes maximum power point tracking to optimize solar panel output, a boost converter, and a three-level cascaded H-bridge inverter to integrate solar energy into the grid in a efficient manner.
Vipindas K.M has over 5 years of experience in testing and commissioning electrical relays and equipment in oil and gas refineries and power plants. He holds a diploma in electrical engineering and has worked on projects in India, Tanzania, and Uganda commissioning equipment from manufacturers such as Areva, BHEL, Schneider, and EFACEC. He is proficient in testing and configuring numerical relays such as Micom, Sepam, and SEL and has completed several substation commissioning projects.
TRANSFORMER FAULT DETECTION AND MONITORINGIRJET Journal
This document describes a project to detect and monitor faults in power transformers using sensors and GSM technology. The system measures four parameters - oil level, temperature, open circuit, and short circuit. Sensors detect faults and send SMS alerts to responsible personnel. The aim is to reduce response time for faults to protect transformers and maintain power stability. When faults are detected, the controlling unit can automatically shut down power.
MV Switchgear provides centralized control and protection of medium-voltage power equipment and circuits in industrial, commercial, and utility installations involving generators, motors, feeder circuits, and transmission and distribution lines.
Mr. Sethumadhavan is an electrical engineer with over 5 years of experience in power system testing, commissioning, protection and retrofitting of substations, cement plants, refineries, and power plants. He is currently working as an electrical engineer at Reliance Refineries Limited in Jamnagar, where he coordinates with vendors on testing activities and commissions switchgear panels. He has previously worked as a relay testing and commissioning engineer for Nissi Engineering Solutions, where he tested and commissioned protection relays and panels from various vendors on multiple projects.
Syed Abra Ul Haq is an electrical engineer with over 5 years of experience in the cement industry. He is currently working as an electrical engineer at Dalmia Cement responsible for electrical maintenance and the 132/11kV switchyard. He has a Master's degree in Electrical Power Systems and is seeking new opportunities as an electrical engineer. He has experience planning, operating, and maintaining electrical systems including switchyards, motors, drives, and more at cement plants in India and Saudi Arabia.
The document describes the RM6 gas insulated ring main unit (GIS RMU) product line. Key points include:
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C&S Electric Summer Training Report
1. 1 | P a g e
AN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
PARAS PRATAP
REG.No. (11/IEE/066)
At
C&S ELECTRIC LTD
MV DIVISION
GREATER NOIDA
(UTTAR PRADESH)
Submitted to
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY
GREATER NOIDA
2. 2 | P a g e
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
It is certified that the Industrial Training report is a work of Paras Pratap Reg.No. 11/IEE/066
from Gautam Buddha University (Greater Noida) who carried out the work in C&S Electric
Ltd.(MV Division) Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh).
DR.YOGESH KUMAR CHAUHAN
(HEAD OF DEPARTMENT)
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
4. 4 | P a g e
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is always a pleasure to remind the fine people in the engineering program for their sincere
guidance I received to uphold my practical as well as theoretical skills in engineering.
Firstly I would like to thank Dr.Yogesh Kumar Chauhan (HOD) and Mr.Rupendra Kumar
Pachauri Electrical Engineering for the positive attitude they showed for my work, always
allows me to question them and giving prompts replies for my uncertainties in all the fields
including educational, social and managerial work.
I express my immense pleasure and deep sense of gratitude to Mrs.Niyati Singh(C&S Electric)
and C&S Employees for spending there valuable time with me and also helped me in completion
of task.
Finally, I would also like to thanks Mr.Shailash Srivastav (HR) C&S Electric for giving me this
opportunity and guiding me during the course of the training.
5. 5 | P a g e
CONTENTS
Chapter no Topic Page no.
1 Introduction
Company Profile 6
2 About the Training
Plant layout 9
General plant layout
Process of store
Introduction to Ring main unit 14
Parts of RMU
Features of RMU
Types of RMU-Indoor &Outdoor
Types of welding 20
Tank assembly 23
Components of tank assembly
Working of components
Testing
Leak Detection Test 31
Final assembly of RMU 33
Components of RMU
Working of components
Final RMU
3 Conclusion 45
4 Reference 46
6. 6 | P a g e
Introduction
Company profile:-
C&S Electric Ltd. is amongst the leading suppliers of electrical equipment in India and is India’s
largest exporter of industrial switchgear. Its wide range of electrical and electronic products find
application in power generation, distribution, control, protection and final consumption. C&S
Electric is amongst the top 4 players in the LV switchgear business & the market leader in the
Power Busbar Business. In addition the company also has product offerings for MV switchgear,
Energy Efficient Lighting solutions and Diesel Generating Sets. C&S Electric along with Solar
EPC business also has an electrical contracting business which performs turnkey solutions for
industrial and commercial electrification, substations and power plants. C&S Electric was also
the 2nd company in India to design and execute a grid connected solar PV power plant in India.
7. 7 | P a g e
We are pleased to introduce ourselves as one of India’s foremost manufacturers of electrical
equipment for power generation, distribution, protection and control. We have 20 manufacturing
units in and around Delhi employing about 4000 people including 500 qualified engineers. We
also export our products to more than 74 countries around the globe. A sizeable portion of our
turnover is exported to USA, Europe, Russia Kenya, Brazil, Malaysia, Middle East, Australia
and other countries.
C&S Electric Ltd., through its 100% owned subsidiary, C&S Electric International BV
incorporated in “The Netherlands” have acquired Eta-com Group of Companies having offices in
Boom-Belgium and Horsham RH 13 5BB-Great Britain.
SPECIALITIES:-
Market leader in busbar business with dominating market share in India. C&S is amongst the
largest exporters of electrical switchgear products from India. 4000+employees and million of
satisfied customers, Over 24% CAGR for last 10 years
Website
http://www.cselectric.co.in
Industry
Electrical/Electronic Manufacturing
Type
Privately Held
Headquarters
222 Okhla Industrial Estate Phase 3 New Delhi, New Delhi 110020India
Company Size
1001-5000 employees
Founded
1966
9. 9 | P a g e
General Plant Lay-out:-
Gate entry process
Store (Incoming)
M.R.N (Material Receipt Note/ Inspection Note)
I.Q.C (Incoming Quality Check/Control)
Sampling Norms (Check)
M.R.N Clearance & back to store
10. 10 | P a g e
General Plant Lay-out:-
GATE ENTRY PROCESS
STORE
MRM (MATERIAL RECEIPT CUM INSPECTION NOTE)
IQC (INCOMING QUALITY CHECK
SAMPLING NORMS
CHECK
MRM CLEARANCE & BACK TO STORE
GATE ENTRY
STORE
RAW MATERIAL
11. 11 | P a g e
Store:-
Bill, Order No
Gate check
Store
Rejected Rack
Ok
Store Rack
(Put location)
Stored in Computer
Product
Manufacturing
Material Receive
Note
Quality
Check
12. 12 | P a g e
I.Q.C (Incoming Quality Control) :-
Customer Requirement Based
purchase Order (P.O)
Material Receive
Verified By store
M.R.N Generated By store against
System Generated (ERP)
13. 13 | P a g e
Income Quality
Inspection of the components received against
Particular M.R.N on Drawing
OK Not OK
Store (Stock) (Rejected) R.G.N
(Rejection
Generating
Note)
14. 14 | P a g e
INTRODUCTION OF RING MAIN UNIT:-
Ring Main Unit is enabled to install on medium voltage distribution network and mainly used for
protection of transformers in compact substations. It is used for medium voltage distribution in
compact substations, small buildings, and residential housing complex, large Shopping malls,
airports, wind power, etc. comprising medium voltage networks.
The concept of RMU is offering a choice of other switch-fuse combination or circuit breaker
with relay for protection of the transformer
RMU Parts:-
Protection Relay – operated by battery 1/2aa 3.6v
Current Transformer
Potential Transformer
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
Monometer
Constant - Green (gas not leaking)
Red - Slowly Down (Gas Leaking)
Battery
Command Input
15. 15 | P a g e
Features:
SF6 gas insulation & current interruption – No fire hazard
Maintenance free & sealed for life contact system
Outdoor installation
Robust construction
Tee-off circuit breaker with integral protection system
Low cost cable termination
Fully extendable options
Motorized mechanism
RMU is a compact ring main unit combining all MV functional units to enable to supply and
protect transformers on the secondary distribution network.
RMU can be supplied in various and different configurations suitable for most switching
applications in 12/17.5/24 kV distribution networks.
Technology
1. Metal enclosed unit for Indoor installation and type tested.
2. Insulated by SF6 Gas.
3. Maintenance free and easy installation.
4. Independent of climate.
5. ON-OFF-Earth, three position load break switch.
16. 16 | P a g e
6. Recyclable materials used.
Durability and usefulness
1. Metal enclosed tank is hermetically sealed; it means this is Independent of environmental
effects such as dirt, small insects, moisture and so on.
2. Load break switch operating is possible in the front of Ring Main Unit.
3. All switching operations can be made safely to personnel because of interlocking system that
operates automatically according to the switch position by the operator.
4. No requirement of recharging SF6 gas until its service life.
5. Remote operation available in case of using motor operating mechanism and FRTU.
6. HRC power fuse will trip the mechanism automatically by a fuse striker pin connected to
mechanism in the event of fault happening.
Safety
1. Approachable and operable safely in the presence of power in the cables.
2. Clear indication of operation status via mimic diagram on front panel.
3. Fully automatic interlocking system.
- Operation is only possible in case door is totally closed.
- Fuse compartment is only accessible when Load break
Switch is earthed.
- Voltage detector to check whether cables are lined or not.
4. Rupture disk is designed to protect devices in case of Emergency like gas expansion.
5. Internal arc withstand is tested for the operator safety in case of accident current occur.
(21kA/1s, without SF6 Gas)
Saving cost
1. No maintenance is required other than replacement of HRC Power Fuse after installation.
2. Compact design that requires minimum space to install and operate locally is main advantage
especially where the space is limited.
3. No additional costs for replacement because of long service life.
17. 17 | P a g e
4. Materials can be recycled after the end of its service life.
CB type RMU (LCL)
RMU offers a choice of solutions to make 2, 3 or 4 directional connections with line protection
by 630A CB, with network switching by switch-disconnectors with integrated power supply
telecontrol device.
1. L: LBS (Load Break Switch)
Three position Load Break Switch below 630A with disconnecting and earthing switch
2. C: VCB (Vacuum Circuit Breaker)
200A vacuum circuit-breaker for transformer protection 400/630A circuit-breaker for feeder
protection
3. Cable bushing horizontal in front
1. Ring S/W Earth operation
2. Circuit Breaker operation
3. Ring S/W operation
4. Pressure gauge
5. Earth S/W operation
6. Name plate
7. Voltage Indicator
8. Disconnector S/W operation
9. Cable compartment
18. 18 | P a g e
PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION PANEL – INDOOR
SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION PANEL – INDOOR
-OUTDOOR
INDOOR – GC
These units are suitable for indoor installation and can be made extensible on each side. Quick
break and air break is facilitated with the help of the manual i.e. fault making load breaking
switches, which are also known as RMUS. In order to control an incoming/outgoing 11 KV
feeder cable, these units come with allied bus bars and connections. These units are suitable for
11 KV systems.
Outdoor - GCT
These units are suitable for outdoor application and can be used as freestanding units. For
connections to industrial and commercial sites, these units are used in transformer substations,
distribution switchboards and ring distribution networks. Multiple panel switchboards are formed
by direct coupling of extensible ring switches; air insulated metering units and circuit breakers.
This process does not require accessing gas insulated chambers or additional cabling.
19. 19 | P a g e
Tank welding:-
Indoor ring main unit
Outdoor ring main unit
With canopy structure
Canopy Structure
In outdoor ring
main unit an anti-
theft security
system is provided
to protect it from
thieves and a
hardcover is
provided and
corrosion free
.and a canopy
structure to
protect it from
rain, snow etc.
20. 20 | P a g e
Types of welding:-
Mig(metal inert gas):-
MIG welding is an abbreviation for Metal Inert Gas Welding. It is a process developed in the
1940’s, and is considered semi-automated. This means that the welder still requires skill, but that
the MIG welding machine will continuously keep filling the joint being welded.
MIG welders consist of a handle with a trigger controlling a wire feed, feeding the wire from a
spool to the weld joint. The wire is similar to an endless bicycle brake cable. The wire runs
through the liner, which also has a gas feeding through the same cable to the point of arc, which
protects the weld from the air.
Stud Welding :-
Stud welding is a technique similar to flash welding where a fastener or specially formed stud is
welded onto another metal part, typically a base metal or substrate. The fastener can take
different forms, but typically fall under threaded, unthreaded or tapped. The bolts may be
automatically fed into the spot welder. Weld nuts generally have a flange with small nubs that
melt to form the weld. Weld studs are used in stud welding systems.
21. 21 | P a g e
TIG welding (tungsten inert gas welding):-
Is a manual welding process that requires the welder to use two hands to weld. What separates
TIG welding from most other welding processes is the way the arc is created and how the filler
metal is added! When TIG Welding one hand is used for holding the TIG torch that produces the
arc and the other hand is to add the filler metal to the weld joint. Because two hands are required
to weld; TIG welding is the most difficult of the processes to learn, but at the same time is the
most versatile when it comes to different metals. This process is slow but when done right it
produces the highest quality weld! TIG welding is mostly used for critical weld joints, welding
metals other than common steel, and where precise, small welds are needed.
22. 22 | P a g e
Dye Penetrant Inspection:-
Dye penetrant inspection (DPI), also called liquid penetrant inspection (LPI) or penetrant
testing (PT), is a widely applied and low-cost inspection method used to locate surface-breaking
defects in all non-porous materials (metals, plastics, or ceramics). The penetrant may be applied
to all non-ferrous materials and ferrous materials; although for ferrous components magnetic-
particle inspection is often used instead for its subsurface detection capability. LPI is used to
detect casting, forging and welding surface defects such as hairline cracks, surface porosity,
leaks in new products, and fatigue cracks on in-service components.
23. 23 | P a g e
Tank Assembly:-
1ts1dc both side PTC bushing ac
Components of Tank assembly:-
1. 3 Pole Structure (Vacuum Circuit Breaker)
2. Switches (Customers)
3. Isolators (Bushes)
Isolate between phases and body
4. Bus bars
5. Tank
6. Chassis
7. Mechanism
3-POLE STRUCTURE ISFG
SWITCH
ISFG
SWITCH ISOLATOR OR BUSHING
24. 24 | P a g e
Vacuum Circuit Breaker:-
A vacuum circuit breaker is such kind of circuit breaker where the arc quenching takes place in
vacuum. The technology is suitable for mainly medium voltage application. For higher voltage
vacuum technology has been developed but not commercially viable. The operation of opening
and closing of current carrying contacts and associated arc interruption take place in a vacuum
chamber in the breaker which is called vacuum interrupter. The vacuum interrupter consists of a
steel arc chamber in the Centre symmetrically arranged ceramic insulators. The vacuum pressure
inside a vacuum interrupter is normally maintained at 10 - 6
bar.
The material used for current carrying contacts plays an important role in the performance of the
vacuum circuit breaker. CuCr is the most ideal material to make VCB contacts.
Advantages of Vacuum Circuit Breaker or VCB
Service life of vacuum circuit breaker is much longer than other types of circuit breakers. There
is no chance of fire hazard as oil circuit breaker. It is much environment friendly than SF6 Circuit
breaker. Beside of that contraction of VCB is much user friendly. Replacement of vacuum
interrupter (VI) is much convenient.
Operation of Vacuum Circuit Breaker
The main aim of any circuit breaker is to quench arc during current zero crossing, by establishing
high dielectric strength in between the contacts so that reestablishment of arc after current zero
becomes impossible. The dielectric strength of vacuum is eight times greater than that of air and
four times greater than that of SF6 gas. This high dielectric strength makes it possible to quench
a vacuum arc within very small contact gap. For short contact gap, low contact mass and no
compression of medium the drive energy required in vacuum circuit breaker is minimum. When
two face to face contact areas are just being separated to each other, they do not be separated
instantly, contact area on the contact face is being reduced and ultimately comes to a point and
then they are finally de-touched. Although this happens in a fraction of micro second but it is the
fact. At this instant of de-touching of contacts in a vacuum, the current through the contacts
concentrated on that last contact point on the contact surface and makes a hot spot. As it is
25. 25 | P a g e
vacuum, the metal on the contact surface is easily vaporized due to that hot spot and create a
conducting media for arc path. Then the arc will be initiated and continued until the next current
zero.
Operational sequence for CB
26. 26 | P a g e
Chassis:-
45 Hardware
Shaft
Axle
Bearing
Small shaft
Mechanism (CD1):-
Closing shaft:-
Changing spring
Closing spring
Push button
Striker
21
27. 27 | P a g e
Adapter
Spangle
Counter
I bolt
After this motor is fitted in the chassis and the work of chassis is complete and the machine goes
to tank assembly.
28. 28 | P a g e
ISFG SWITCH:-
There are two switches:-
Input switch
Output switch
Two Types of Contacts are there:-
Copper
Silver Plated on Copper
There are 3 turns:-
Line Flow – To Flow
Earth - In Maintenance and Fault
Disconnect
Silver Plated for ON Condition
Copper Contact for Grounding
And in middle condition there is off position
Silver Plated copper s used for resistance control.
Operation of 3-Position Load Break Switch
Main Close Open earth
29. 29 | P a g e
TESTING OF VACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKER:-
Parameters r y b
Close time (MS) 42.3 42.5 42.6
Closing synchronism 0.30
(MS) Pass
Contact stroke (mm) 8.55 8.66 9.28
Velocity 1(m/s) 1.22 1.29 1.22
Velocity 2(m/s) 1.11 1.13 1.08
Max. Coil current 4.23 0.2
30. 30 | P a g e
Parameters r y b
Open time (MS) 35.70 35.70 35.60
Open syn. (MS) 0.10
Contact stroke (mm) 8.55 8.66 9.08
Over travel open (mm) 1.18 1.05 0.63
Over travel time open (MS) 8.40 6.80 5.30
Over rebound (mm) 0.69 0.52 0.55
Velocity 1(m/s) 0.32 0.50 0.36
Velocity 2(m/s) 0.79 0.91 0.76
Max. Coil current c1 c2 c3
0.26 2.31
31. 31 | P a g e
LEAK DETECTION TEST:-
Leak Detection & Gas Filling Machine
This is the best & largest machine in the South Asia in terms of size of the test chamber &
accuracy of Mass Spectrometer used to detect leakages in Ring Main Unit Tanks. The machine
will detect a leak of 6X10-6 mbar l/s at 300mbar, 100% Helium. The process is fully automated
with predefined cycle of evacuation, leak testing with Helium, purging with Nitrogen and then
filling of SF6 & leak testing with SF6 with no manual intervention.
The machine has a capacity of testing 15-20 tanks per day
18% Helium is used currently in the bag for leakage detection in the helium bag. Helium Gas is
the lightest gas
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Leakage Area in tank Assembly:-
Back cover Welding
Bearing
Bellow
Ext. PTC Welding
PTC Bushing
Tee-off Bushing
Extension Bushing
Protection Sheet
Dilo Valve
Leak not found
Air pressure low
Pressure Switch
Run Welding
Test Welding
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Final Assembly of Ring Main Unit:-
1- Lifting points
2- Cable test bushings compartment
3- Earth switch operating mechanism
4- Switch disconnector operating mechanism
5- Live cables indication neon lamps
6- LBS cable compartment access panel
7- CB spring charger operation shaft
8- Circuit breaker pushbuttons
9- Circuit breaker spring status
10- Pressure indicator
11- Self-powered protection relay
12- VCB cable compartment access panel
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The Enclosure is used for outdoor applications. Manufacturing of this enclosure with GI sheet
and Powder coated. The access is available for Installation of RMU and connection of earthing
from outside of enclosure for customer.Anti-theft door hinge and pad locking facility is available
in this enclosure.
Enclosure for Outdoor application
Electrical Data:-
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Load Break Switch:-
Standard features
1. Three position load break switch with disconnector and earthing switch
2. Operating mechanism with two separate shaft for load and earthing function
3. Switch position indication for LBS and ES
4. Cable bushing horizontal in front with integrated capacitor for voltage indication
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Optional features
1. Motor operation for load break switch
2. Auxiliary switches
- Load breaks switch position
- Earthing switch position
3. Voltage indicating system
4. Short circuit and earth fault indicator
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Supplied Configuration:-
Operating mechanisms:-
MECHCI1 (M) and MECHCD1 (M) operating mechanism elements Identification
1 -Function label holder
2 -Switch and earth switch status indicator
3 - Lock for "open" earth switch interlocking (optional)
4 - Pressure indicator
5 - Earth switch operation shaft
6 - Earth switch interlocking pin (prevents handle insertion)
7 - Live cables signaling lamps
8 - Lock for "open" switch interlocking (optional)
9 - Switch interlocking pin (prevents lever insertion)
10 - Switch operation shaft
11 – Circuit breaker closing operation pushbutton interlock (optional)
12 – Circuit breaker operation pushbuttons
13 – Circuit breaker status indicator
14 – Circuit breaker spring status indicator
15 – Circuit breaker spring charger operation shaft
16 – Circuit breaker operation counters
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17 – Self-powered protection relay
18 – Protection relay low voltage access panel
19 - Switch or Earth switch manual operation lever
Operating mechanism functional principle
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Circuit Breaker:-
Standard features
1.200 A vacuum circuit-breaker for transformer protection or 630 A vacuum circuit-breakers for
feeder protection
2. Three position disconnecting and earthing switch
3. Switch position indication for CB and DS/ES
4. Cable bushing horizontal in front
5. Interlocking between CB and DS/ES
Optional features
1. Motor operation for circuit breaker
2. Auxiliary switches
- CB position
- Disconnector position
- Earthing switch position
3. Voltage indicating system
Operating mechanism functional principle
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4. Trip coil and close coil
Vacuum interrupter:-
In the closed position, normal current flows through the interrupter. When a fault occurs and
interruption is required, the contacts are quickly separated. The arc drawn between the surfaces
of contact is rapidly moved around the slotted contact surface by self-induced magnetic effects,
preventing gross contact erosion and the formation of hot spot on the surface. The arc burns in an
ionized metal vapor, which condenses on the surrounding metal shield. At current zero they are
extinguishes and vapor production ceases. The metal vapor plasma is very rapidly dispersed,
cooled, recombined, and deionized, and the metal vapor
Products are quickly condensed so that the contacts withstand the transient Recovery voltage.
OCR (Current Relay): CT powered protection relay:-
This relay is self-powered relay by the CT in RMU and can be set with definite time and inverse
time characteristics for short circuit, overload and earth Fault current. Parameter setting can be
done in different user-friendly ways, computer controlled or with HEX switches on the front.
The relay is also provided with a digital memory for the storage of the most recent tripping
values. This relay has proven to be a reliable and widely accepted method of protection in
worldwide distribution networks.
CT (Current Transformer):-
A current transformer (CT) is used for measurement of alternating electric currents. Current
transformers, together with voltage (or potential) transformers (VT or PT), are known
as instrument transformers. When current in a circuit is too high to apply directly to measuring
instruments, a current transformer produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the
current in the circuit, which can be conveniently connected to measuring and recording
instruments. A current transformer isolates the measuring instruments from what may be very
high voltage in the monitored circuit. Current transformers are commonly used in metering
and protective relays in the electrical power industry.
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Voltage indicator lamps (Voltage Detector):-
It is a device to check the presence or absence of voltage in the cables. It is conforming to IEC
standard 61958. Push button type LED voltage indicator is provided and lamp power is supplied
by bushing type capacitive dividers.
Switch-fuse combination:-
Standard features
1. Three position switch-fuse combination with earthing switch
2. Switch position indication for switch fuse combination and earth switch
3. Cable bushing horizontal in front
4. Fuse holder for DIN type fuse-links
5. Fuse-link rating
- 12/17.5kV: max. 100 A, LSIS DIN type fuse-link
- 24kV: max. 75 A, LSIS DIN type fuse-link
6. Automatically tripped to protect from fault current when a fuse is blown
Optional features
1. Motor operation for switch-fuse combination
2. Auxiliary switches
- LBS position
- Earthing switch position
- Fuse blown status
3. Voltage indicating system
4. Trip coil
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Cables connection:-
RMU ID was designed to use separable pre-moulded (screened and unscreened) or thermo
retractile Connectors. The cables and connectors selection is a customer’s responsibility and
must be compatible with RMU ID equipment.
- Screwed Tee connectors or thermo-retractile connectors for 400/630A bushings, which
accommodate Copper or aluminum thermop lastic insulated cables, for Incoming/Outgoing
function.
MRB (Manual Reset Button):-
1. It is a function which resets a circuit breaker manually when a circuit breaker is tripped by
OCR.
2. When a circuit breaker tripped by fault current, a mechanical trip indicator (MRB, Manual
Reset Button) pops out from the main cover and the switch (SDE) which sends control signal
electrically is conducted to output the information occurred from fault circuit breaker.
3. MRB can be operated only by OCR but not by OFF operation of circuit breaker, To re-close a
circuit breaker after a trip, press MRB to reset it for closing.
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EFI (Earth fault indicator):-
EFI can be installed at RMU frame or anywhere customer wants.
1. Single Phase AC supply split core type sensor
2. Automatic resetting function on AC 220~230V3Ph
3. 3Phase
Routine quality check:-
While producing RMU, various routine tests are taken for product capacity.
Tested items are as shown follows.
1. Filling pressure check
2. Tightness check
3. Manual and motor operation check
4. Dielectric check
5. Contact resistance check
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Conclusion
As an undergraduate of Gautam Buddha University. I would like to say that this training
program is an excellent opportunity for us to get to the ground level and experience the things
that we would have never gained through going straight into a job. I am grateful to C&S Electric
Ltd (Greater Noida) for giving us this wonderful opportunity. The main objective of the
industrial training is to provide an opportunity to undergraduates to identify, observe and practice
how engineering is applicable in the real industry. It is not only to get experience on technical
practices but also to observe management practices and to interact with fellow workers. It is easy
to work with sophisticated machines, but not with people. The only chance that an undergraduate
has to have this experience is the industrial training period. I feel I got the maximum out of that
experience. Also I learnt the way of work in an organization, the importance of being punctual,
the importance of maximum commitment, and the importance of team spirit. In my opinion, I
have gained lots of knowledge and experience needed to be successful in a great engineering
challenge, as in my opinion, Engineering is after all a Challenge, and not a Job
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References
Web
C&S Electric Ltd.
Wikipedia
Google images
Switchgear and Power System Protection by Ravindra P Singh
Switchgear Protection and Power Systems by Sunil S Rao