A Conceptual Approach towards Utilization of Technological Advancement for Coral Reef Conservation at India by Jebarathnam Prince Prakash Jebakumar in Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography
Jackson 2008 Ecological extinction and evolution discussionLoretta Roberson
This document summarizes a college course paper on ecological extinction in marine ecosystems. It examines factors like overexploitation, pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change across different marine systems including estuaries, coastal seas, continental shelves, the open ocean, and coral reefs. Through data review and case studies, it finds evidence that overfishing and human pollution have degraded these ecosystems, causing population declines and extinctions. The document concludes by recommending more sustainable fisheries, improved coastal pollution controls, and actions to mitigate climate change in order to reduce threats of ecological extinction in oceans.
The main threats to coral reefs include coral bleaching from global climate change, diseases affecting corals and other reef organisms, coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish and other predators, invasive species, overfishing, engineering practices that damage reefs such as port construction, coral mining, and destruction from other construction activities. These threats stress and damage corals, reducing coral cover and biodiversity and degrading vital reef ecosystems.
The document discusses several biogeochemical cycles including the nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, potassium cycle, and sulfur cycle. For each cycle it describes the major processes and transformations that elements undergo as they move through biotic and abiotic components of the Earth system. These include atmospheric, soil, water, and organism components. Key processes discussed are nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, weathering, mineralization, assimilation, and decomposition. The slow movement of phosphorus through soils and oceans is also noted.
Sandy beaches are dynamic ecosystems that serve as a buffer between land and sea. They are home to a variety of organisms adapted to changing environmental conditions. Sandy beaches are composed of particles such as quartz and carbonate sands that are transported by water. Beaches support a high density of microorganisms, meiofauna, and macrofauna adapted to periodic submersion and exposure. However, human activities like recreation, pollution, and mining threaten sandy beach ecosystems around the world.
The document discusses India's marine environment and efforts taken under Agenda 21. It notes that marine ecosystems support habitats like coral reefs and mangroves. Various human activities like pollution, mining, and construction threaten these environments. The government has established regulations and agencies to manage coastal zones and marine resources sustainably. Key programs evaluate coastal waters, integrate management of coastal areas, and assess living resources beyond 70 meters depth. Overall the government has made progress in protecting the marine environment through legislation and research programs.
Marine Fertilization and Carbon SequestrationIslam Md Jakiul
This case study examines the effects of bottom trawling on deep ocean floors. It finds that bottom trawling directly impacts fish populations and seabed communities by modifying physical properties of sediments, chemical exchanges, and sediment fluxes. Through repeated trawling, the morphology of continental slopes is gradually altered as the seafloor becomes smoother over time. Trawling also reduces habitat heterogeneity and complexity, potentially affecting biodiversity. Large sediment volumes can be redistributed downslope through trawling activities, comparable to effects of forest clear-cutting on land. Tight regulations are needed to minimize impacts of deep sea mining and protect unique hydrothermal vent ecosystems and their biodiversity. Natural iron fertilization can also effectively sequester carbon in
The document discusses coastal resource management and sustainability. It defines coastal resources as the intersection of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, including beaches, coral reefs, mangrove forests, and coastal communities. These resources are important for marine sanctuaries, reef monitoring, mangrove reforestation, seaweed farming, and aquaculture. The document recommends both soft engineering approaches like mangrove planting, dune stabilization, coral growth, and beach nourishment as well as hard engineering through seawalls, breakwaters, groynes, and gabions to conserve these coastal areas for future generations.
Jackson 2008 Ecological extinction and evolution discussionLoretta Roberson
This document summarizes a college course paper on ecological extinction in marine ecosystems. It examines factors like overexploitation, pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change across different marine systems including estuaries, coastal seas, continental shelves, the open ocean, and coral reefs. Through data review and case studies, it finds evidence that overfishing and human pollution have degraded these ecosystems, causing population declines and extinctions. The document concludes by recommending more sustainable fisheries, improved coastal pollution controls, and actions to mitigate climate change in order to reduce threats of ecological extinction in oceans.
The main threats to coral reefs include coral bleaching from global climate change, diseases affecting corals and other reef organisms, coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish and other predators, invasive species, overfishing, engineering practices that damage reefs such as port construction, coral mining, and destruction from other construction activities. These threats stress and damage corals, reducing coral cover and biodiversity and degrading vital reef ecosystems.
The document discusses several biogeochemical cycles including the nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, potassium cycle, and sulfur cycle. For each cycle it describes the major processes and transformations that elements undergo as they move through biotic and abiotic components of the Earth system. These include atmospheric, soil, water, and organism components. Key processes discussed are nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, weathering, mineralization, assimilation, and decomposition. The slow movement of phosphorus through soils and oceans is also noted.
Sandy beaches are dynamic ecosystems that serve as a buffer between land and sea. They are home to a variety of organisms adapted to changing environmental conditions. Sandy beaches are composed of particles such as quartz and carbonate sands that are transported by water. Beaches support a high density of microorganisms, meiofauna, and macrofauna adapted to periodic submersion and exposure. However, human activities like recreation, pollution, and mining threaten sandy beach ecosystems around the world.
The document discusses India's marine environment and efforts taken under Agenda 21. It notes that marine ecosystems support habitats like coral reefs and mangroves. Various human activities like pollution, mining, and construction threaten these environments. The government has established regulations and agencies to manage coastal zones and marine resources sustainably. Key programs evaluate coastal waters, integrate management of coastal areas, and assess living resources beyond 70 meters depth. Overall the government has made progress in protecting the marine environment through legislation and research programs.
Marine Fertilization and Carbon SequestrationIslam Md Jakiul
This case study examines the effects of bottom trawling on deep ocean floors. It finds that bottom trawling directly impacts fish populations and seabed communities by modifying physical properties of sediments, chemical exchanges, and sediment fluxes. Through repeated trawling, the morphology of continental slopes is gradually altered as the seafloor becomes smoother over time. Trawling also reduces habitat heterogeneity and complexity, potentially affecting biodiversity. Large sediment volumes can be redistributed downslope through trawling activities, comparable to effects of forest clear-cutting on land. Tight regulations are needed to minimize impacts of deep sea mining and protect unique hydrothermal vent ecosystems and their biodiversity. Natural iron fertilization can also effectively sequester carbon in
The document discusses coastal resource management and sustainability. It defines coastal resources as the intersection of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, including beaches, coral reefs, mangrove forests, and coastal communities. These resources are important for marine sanctuaries, reef monitoring, mangrove reforestation, seaweed farming, and aquaculture. The document recommends both soft engineering approaches like mangrove planting, dune stabilization, coral growth, and beach nourishment as well as hard engineering through seawalls, breakwaters, groynes, and gabions to conserve these coastal areas for future generations.
Marine and coastal ecosystems are diverse and complex systems. The marine ecosystem is the largest ecosystem on Earth, covering over 70% of the planet's surface. It contains a variety of habitat types, from coral reefs and kelp forests to deep sea and open ocean environments. Coastal ecosystems like mangroves, sandy shores, and estuaries exist at the interface between land and sea. These ecosystems support a high level of biodiversity but are threatened by rising sea levels and ocean acidification due to climate change. Careful management is needed to protect these important ecosystems.
The marine environment is highly variable in space and time. It experiences multiple ecosystems based on factors like seasons, ocean domains, and climate patterns. The characteristics of the marine environment are determined by various climatic, physical and biogeochemical forcings. The environment can be divided into pelagic and benthic zones, each with different subzones defined by factors like depth, light availability, and sediment composition. Special ecosystems also exist like those around hydrothermal vents which rely on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. Plankton and benthic organisms distribution is influenced by environmental variability and limiting factors in different zones.
The document summarizes the major zones and realms of the marine environment. It describes how the ocean is divided into the pelagic and benthic realms. The pelagic realm is further divided into zones based on depth and light penetration, including the epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, and hadal zones. Organisms in each zone have adapted to the available light and pressure conditions. The benthic realm includes the intertidal zone, sublittoral zone, bathyal zone, abyssal zone, and hadal zone based on depth and distance from shore. Organisms in different zones have evolved to survive the available resources
Critical Issues of Sustainability Associated with Quarry Activities-Crimson P...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
Critical Issues of Sustainability Associated with Quarry Activities by Nwachukwu MA*, Ojeaga K and Gilbert Chinelo in Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science
This document describes various habitats found in saltwater ecosystems. It discusses horizontal and vertical zonation patterns. Horizontally, coastal habitats near the shore are distinguished from open ocean habitats further from land. Coastal habitats include intertidal zones, sandy and rocky shores, mudflats, salt marshes, mangroves, estuaries, kelp forests, seagrass meadows, and coral reefs. Vertically, benthic habitats at the sea bottom are distinguished from pelagic habitats in the water column above. Benthic zones include the littoral, bathyal, abyssal, and hadal zones, while pelagic zones are the epipelagic, mesop
Marine resources are things from the ocean that organisms need to survive and include fresh water, minerals, energy sources, and food. The document outlines various types of marine resources and how they are used. It also discusses conservation efforts like regulating exploitation and accurately estimating demand and supply to ensure sustainable use of resources like fisheries. Major threats to marine environments are also listed, such as pollution from waste, garbage, oil, and increased acidity from carbon dioxide.
1. The document discusses various types of aquatic ecosystems including estuaries, mangrove swamps, coral reefs, rocky shores, sandy beaches, and barrier islands. It describes the key features and organisms found in each.
2. Coastal ecosystems like estuaries and mangrove swamps provide many important ecological services including habitat, nurseries for marine life, and protection from storms. They also have economic value through fisheries, recreation, and tourism.
3. Coral reefs have exceptionally high biodiversity but are very vulnerable to threats like bleaching from rising water temperatures, ocean acidification, pollution, and destructive fishing practices. Widespread damage to coral reefs could have serious ecological and economic
Marine ecosystems are distributed on-shore and off-shore.
The on-shore ecosystems are very typical ecosystems subjected to the everlasting action of oceanic waves and tides.
The life of on-shore ecosystems are always under the dynamic impact of various factors including human interventions.
Gom coral diversity threats and conservation management copyB. BHASKAR
Marine debris such as abandoned fishing nets, plastic traps, ropes and lines are increasingly common on coral reefs in the Gulf of Mannar along the southern coast of Tamil Nadu. Surveys found debris covering around 1,150 square meters of reefs, affecting coral health by causing injury, fragmentation and increasing disease susceptibility. The debris also threatens corals' resilience to climate change impacts. While individuals study debris in some areas, a sustained large-scale effort is needed to effectively monitor and address the growing problem.
This document discusses aquatic biodiversity and different marine and freshwater ecosystems. It describes the key producers, consumers, and larger organisms in aquatic environments. Some of the ecosystems highlighted include estuaries, mangrove forests, coral reefs, lakes, rivers, and wetlands. The document also notes threats to certain ecosystems like coral reefs and overfished areas.
C5.02: The Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network: data for decisions -...Blue Planet Symposium
Ocean acidification describes the changes in seawater chemistry that result from the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide by the ocean. The changes this century are predicted to have profound impacts on marine ecosystems with potential flow-on effects to economic and environmental services the ecosystems provide, including fisheries and aquaculture, coastal protection, and tourism. The Global Ocean Acidification - Observing Network (GOA-ON) has been developed in response to the widespread concern of the impacts of ocean acidification. The network is an internationally coordinated effort, combining ‘bottom up’ collaboration by the research community with ‘top down’ encouragement and support from a range of international bodies and organisations, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO-IOC), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The aim is to provide chemical and biological data from local to global scales that can be used to improve understanding of ocean acidification conditions and ecosystem responses, and to provide uniformly collected and quality-controlled data to assist policy making through research products and model-based projections of ecosystem responses. Capability development is a key aspect of the network. The status and future plans of the GOA-ON initiative will be described – providing the opportunity for additional involvement in its implementation.
The document provides an overview of ecology, focusing on marine benthic environments and zonation of coral reefs. It defines key ecological terms like organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere. It then describes the different zones of the marine benthic environment, including the littoral, sublittoral, bathyl, abyssal, and hadal zones. Finally, it discusses coral reefs, including the symbiotic relationship between corals and algae, types of corals, conditions required for coral reef growth, zonation patterns in coral reefs, and various human impacts.
The document discusses the marine ecosystem and its various components. It describes the pelagic and benthic divisions of the marine environment. The pelagic division includes the neritic and oceanic zones, while the benthic division encompasses the littoral and deep-sea systems. It also discusses the five major kingdoms found in the ocean - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Metaphyta and Metazoa. Additionally, it examines the key components of the marine ecosystem including plankton organisms, zooplankton, nekton community, benthos organisms, coral reefs and mangrove swamps. Finally, it outlines some problems facing marine ecosystems such as natural and
The document discusses various aquatic ecosystems including lakes, rivers, estuaries, and oceans. It describes the key physical characteristics and biological adaptations that allow organisms to thrive in different aquatic environments. Lakes can be formed through geological or non-geological processes. Aquatic life is richest in shallow waters near shorelines. Rivers flow into seas forming estuaries with mixing of freshwater and saltwater. Oceans have vast benthic communities on the seafloor and unique hydrothermal vent and coral reef ecosystems. Primary productivity in aquatic environments is governed by light and nutrient availability.
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems made up of calcium carbonate structures secreted by coral polyps. They support enormous biodiversity and provide goods and services valued at $30 billion annually, including fisheries that support one billion people and tourism that generates billions for economies like those of Florida and Australia. However, coral reefs are severely threatened by bleaching due to rising water temperatures, pollution, sedimentation, poison fishing, and careless tourism. Conservation efforts include supporting marine protected areas, reducing plastic use, and inspiring others to protect coral reefs for future generations.
The document provides information about marine ecology and the ocean environment. It begins by outlining the objectives and essential question, which is to explain the features of marine ecology and how the ocean is divided into different zones. It then describes the 8 key features of marine ecology, including the ocean's size, depth, salinity, nutrient levels, and circulation. It also outlines the horizontal zones of the ocean including the coastal, neretic, and oceanic zones. Finally, it details the vertical zones from the neuston to the abyssal zone and defines the benthic zone at the ocean floor.
This document provides a summary of key concepts about ocean water and ocean life:
1) Ocean water is complex, containing dissolved salts, metals, and gases that allow life to evolve special adaptations like symbiosis.
2) Major sources of ocean salts include chemical weathering of continents and volcanic eruptions.
3) Ocean life is divided into plankton, nekton, and benthos based on how they move and where they live.
4) Factors like sunlight, distance from shore, and water depth define distinct marine life zones in the oceans.
This document provides an overview of marine and freshwater ecosystems. It discusses key abiotic factors such as temperature and salinity. It also describes different zones within marine ecosystems like the oceanic zone. Freshwater ecosystems are divided into lentic, lotic, and wetlands. Important biotic components of ecosystems include producers like algae, consumers such as animals, and decomposers such as bacteria and fungi. Autotrophs fix carbon to produce organic compounds while heterotrophs rely on autotrophs for food.
Sand mining is becoming an environmental issue as demand increases. It can damage habitats, lower water tables, pollute water, and destabilize river banks. Several mitigation measures can be taken, including selecting less impactful mining areas, limiting mining depths, excluding sensitive zones, seasonal restrictions, monitoring ecosystems, and restoration efforts. However, illegal sand mining in India operates constantly without regulation, destroying habitats and infrastructure.
The document discusses potential threats to the Great Barrier Reef, including increased sediment and nutrient levels from agriculture as well as impacts from global warming. While these threats have concerned some, the author argues that the evidence shows the reef is in good condition overall and that the threats have been exaggerated. The author also expresses concerns about bias and lack of open debate in the scientific process around the reef's conservation.
This document provides information on marine science and marine biodiversity. It discusses the four main branches of marine science - physical, chemical, geological and biological oceanography. It also outlines threats to marine biodiversity such as pollution, overfishing, and climate change. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving marine ecosystems and biodiversity through policies, sustainable practices, and developing marine biotechnology and natural products from marine sources.
Marine and coastal ecosystems are diverse and complex systems. The marine ecosystem is the largest ecosystem on Earth, covering over 70% of the planet's surface. It contains a variety of habitat types, from coral reefs and kelp forests to deep sea and open ocean environments. Coastal ecosystems like mangroves, sandy shores, and estuaries exist at the interface between land and sea. These ecosystems support a high level of biodiversity but are threatened by rising sea levels and ocean acidification due to climate change. Careful management is needed to protect these important ecosystems.
The marine environment is highly variable in space and time. It experiences multiple ecosystems based on factors like seasons, ocean domains, and climate patterns. The characteristics of the marine environment are determined by various climatic, physical and biogeochemical forcings. The environment can be divided into pelagic and benthic zones, each with different subzones defined by factors like depth, light availability, and sediment composition. Special ecosystems also exist like those around hydrothermal vents which rely on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. Plankton and benthic organisms distribution is influenced by environmental variability and limiting factors in different zones.
The document summarizes the major zones and realms of the marine environment. It describes how the ocean is divided into the pelagic and benthic realms. The pelagic realm is further divided into zones based on depth and light penetration, including the epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, and hadal zones. Organisms in each zone have adapted to the available light and pressure conditions. The benthic realm includes the intertidal zone, sublittoral zone, bathyal zone, abyssal zone, and hadal zone based on depth and distance from shore. Organisms in different zones have evolved to survive the available resources
Critical Issues of Sustainability Associated with Quarry Activities-Crimson P...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
Critical Issues of Sustainability Associated with Quarry Activities by Nwachukwu MA*, Ojeaga K and Gilbert Chinelo in Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science
This document describes various habitats found in saltwater ecosystems. It discusses horizontal and vertical zonation patterns. Horizontally, coastal habitats near the shore are distinguished from open ocean habitats further from land. Coastal habitats include intertidal zones, sandy and rocky shores, mudflats, salt marshes, mangroves, estuaries, kelp forests, seagrass meadows, and coral reefs. Vertically, benthic habitats at the sea bottom are distinguished from pelagic habitats in the water column above. Benthic zones include the littoral, bathyal, abyssal, and hadal zones, while pelagic zones are the epipelagic, mesop
Marine resources are things from the ocean that organisms need to survive and include fresh water, minerals, energy sources, and food. The document outlines various types of marine resources and how they are used. It also discusses conservation efforts like regulating exploitation and accurately estimating demand and supply to ensure sustainable use of resources like fisheries. Major threats to marine environments are also listed, such as pollution from waste, garbage, oil, and increased acidity from carbon dioxide.
1. The document discusses various types of aquatic ecosystems including estuaries, mangrove swamps, coral reefs, rocky shores, sandy beaches, and barrier islands. It describes the key features and organisms found in each.
2. Coastal ecosystems like estuaries and mangrove swamps provide many important ecological services including habitat, nurseries for marine life, and protection from storms. They also have economic value through fisheries, recreation, and tourism.
3. Coral reefs have exceptionally high biodiversity but are very vulnerable to threats like bleaching from rising water temperatures, ocean acidification, pollution, and destructive fishing practices. Widespread damage to coral reefs could have serious ecological and economic
Marine ecosystems are distributed on-shore and off-shore.
The on-shore ecosystems are very typical ecosystems subjected to the everlasting action of oceanic waves and tides.
The life of on-shore ecosystems are always under the dynamic impact of various factors including human interventions.
Gom coral diversity threats and conservation management copyB. BHASKAR
Marine debris such as abandoned fishing nets, plastic traps, ropes and lines are increasingly common on coral reefs in the Gulf of Mannar along the southern coast of Tamil Nadu. Surveys found debris covering around 1,150 square meters of reefs, affecting coral health by causing injury, fragmentation and increasing disease susceptibility. The debris also threatens corals' resilience to climate change impacts. While individuals study debris in some areas, a sustained large-scale effort is needed to effectively monitor and address the growing problem.
This document discusses aquatic biodiversity and different marine and freshwater ecosystems. It describes the key producers, consumers, and larger organisms in aquatic environments. Some of the ecosystems highlighted include estuaries, mangrove forests, coral reefs, lakes, rivers, and wetlands. The document also notes threats to certain ecosystems like coral reefs and overfished areas.
C5.02: The Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network: data for decisions -...Blue Planet Symposium
Ocean acidification describes the changes in seawater chemistry that result from the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide by the ocean. The changes this century are predicted to have profound impacts on marine ecosystems with potential flow-on effects to economic and environmental services the ecosystems provide, including fisheries and aquaculture, coastal protection, and tourism. The Global Ocean Acidification - Observing Network (GOA-ON) has been developed in response to the widespread concern of the impacts of ocean acidification. The network is an internationally coordinated effort, combining ‘bottom up’ collaboration by the research community with ‘top down’ encouragement and support from a range of international bodies and organisations, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO-IOC), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The aim is to provide chemical and biological data from local to global scales that can be used to improve understanding of ocean acidification conditions and ecosystem responses, and to provide uniformly collected and quality-controlled data to assist policy making through research products and model-based projections of ecosystem responses. Capability development is a key aspect of the network. The status and future plans of the GOA-ON initiative will be described – providing the opportunity for additional involvement in its implementation.
The document provides an overview of ecology, focusing on marine benthic environments and zonation of coral reefs. It defines key ecological terms like organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere. It then describes the different zones of the marine benthic environment, including the littoral, sublittoral, bathyl, abyssal, and hadal zones. Finally, it discusses coral reefs, including the symbiotic relationship between corals and algae, types of corals, conditions required for coral reef growth, zonation patterns in coral reefs, and various human impacts.
The document discusses the marine ecosystem and its various components. It describes the pelagic and benthic divisions of the marine environment. The pelagic division includes the neritic and oceanic zones, while the benthic division encompasses the littoral and deep-sea systems. It also discusses the five major kingdoms found in the ocean - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Metaphyta and Metazoa. Additionally, it examines the key components of the marine ecosystem including plankton organisms, zooplankton, nekton community, benthos organisms, coral reefs and mangrove swamps. Finally, it outlines some problems facing marine ecosystems such as natural and
The document discusses various aquatic ecosystems including lakes, rivers, estuaries, and oceans. It describes the key physical characteristics and biological adaptations that allow organisms to thrive in different aquatic environments. Lakes can be formed through geological or non-geological processes. Aquatic life is richest in shallow waters near shorelines. Rivers flow into seas forming estuaries with mixing of freshwater and saltwater. Oceans have vast benthic communities on the seafloor and unique hydrothermal vent and coral reef ecosystems. Primary productivity in aquatic environments is governed by light and nutrient availability.
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems made up of calcium carbonate structures secreted by coral polyps. They support enormous biodiversity and provide goods and services valued at $30 billion annually, including fisheries that support one billion people and tourism that generates billions for economies like those of Florida and Australia. However, coral reefs are severely threatened by bleaching due to rising water temperatures, pollution, sedimentation, poison fishing, and careless tourism. Conservation efforts include supporting marine protected areas, reducing plastic use, and inspiring others to protect coral reefs for future generations.
The document provides information about marine ecology and the ocean environment. It begins by outlining the objectives and essential question, which is to explain the features of marine ecology and how the ocean is divided into different zones. It then describes the 8 key features of marine ecology, including the ocean's size, depth, salinity, nutrient levels, and circulation. It also outlines the horizontal zones of the ocean including the coastal, neretic, and oceanic zones. Finally, it details the vertical zones from the neuston to the abyssal zone and defines the benthic zone at the ocean floor.
This document provides a summary of key concepts about ocean water and ocean life:
1) Ocean water is complex, containing dissolved salts, metals, and gases that allow life to evolve special adaptations like symbiosis.
2) Major sources of ocean salts include chemical weathering of continents and volcanic eruptions.
3) Ocean life is divided into plankton, nekton, and benthos based on how they move and where they live.
4) Factors like sunlight, distance from shore, and water depth define distinct marine life zones in the oceans.
This document provides an overview of marine and freshwater ecosystems. It discusses key abiotic factors such as temperature and salinity. It also describes different zones within marine ecosystems like the oceanic zone. Freshwater ecosystems are divided into lentic, lotic, and wetlands. Important biotic components of ecosystems include producers like algae, consumers such as animals, and decomposers such as bacteria and fungi. Autotrophs fix carbon to produce organic compounds while heterotrophs rely on autotrophs for food.
Sand mining is becoming an environmental issue as demand increases. It can damage habitats, lower water tables, pollute water, and destabilize river banks. Several mitigation measures can be taken, including selecting less impactful mining areas, limiting mining depths, excluding sensitive zones, seasonal restrictions, monitoring ecosystems, and restoration efforts. However, illegal sand mining in India operates constantly without regulation, destroying habitats and infrastructure.
The document discusses potential threats to the Great Barrier Reef, including increased sediment and nutrient levels from agriculture as well as impacts from global warming. While these threats have concerned some, the author argues that the evidence shows the reef is in good condition overall and that the threats have been exaggerated. The author also expresses concerns about bias and lack of open debate in the scientific process around the reef's conservation.
This document provides information on marine science and marine biodiversity. It discusses the four main branches of marine science - physical, chemical, geological and biological oceanography. It also outlines threats to marine biodiversity such as pollution, overfishing, and climate change. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving marine ecosystems and biodiversity through policies, sustainable practices, and developing marine biotechnology and natural products from marine sources.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on the impact of climate change on coral reefs. It begins with an introduction to coral reefs, their structure and importance. It then discusses several threats from climate change, including increased sea surface temperatures causing coral bleaching, ocean acidification weakening coral skeletons, and rising sea levels submerging some reefs. The document presents two case studies, one on the relationship between bleaching and mortality in Kenya, finding varying impacts across coral taxa. The second examines accelerating bleaching in the Caribbean linked to rising sea temperatures. Overall, the seminar highlights the threats climate change poses to coral reef ecosystems and their biodiversity.
This powerpoint presentation deals with the types of coastal/marine pollution, its causes and sources, coastal pollution in the world, coastal pollution in India, causes of coastal pollution in India and its impacts.
A SHORT REVIEW ON THE RECENT PROBLEM OF RED TIDE IN JAKARTA BAY: EFFECT OF RE...Repository Ipb
This document provides a summary of red tide (harmful algal blooms) and its effects on fish and humans. It discusses that red tide occurs when certain algae species grow rapidly and form visible patches near the water's surface. Red tide is linked to eutrophication and environmental conditions like nutrients, light, and temperature. The direct effects of red tide on fish include damaging gills and organs through toxins, which can cause fish mortality. The indirect effect is low oxygen from algae respiration. Red tide toxins in filter feeding animals like fish or mussels can also harm humans if consumed.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS - CORAL REEFS. It contains: what are coral reefs, the development of corals, growth rates, polyps and algae, reef formation, fringing reefs, barrier reefs, atolls, threats to coral.
International journal of applied sciences and innovation vol 2015 - no 1 - ...sophiabelthome
Seagrasses act as important carbon sinks, trapping carbon for thousands of years and reducing the impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. They photosynthesize, removing carbon dioxide from water and oceans. However, seagrass meadows are declining globally at a rate four times faster than rainforests. While terrestrial forests receive more attention as carbon sinks, seagrasses also store large amounts of "blue carbon" and provide valuable ecosystem services. There is a need to increase awareness of seagrasses and protect these threatened coastal habitats.
The document discusses marine defaunation, or the loss of animal life in the oceans caused by human activity. Some key points:
- Marine defaunation began much later than terrestrial defaunation, only intensifying in the last century with industrial fishing and coastal development. However, human impacts on marine wildlife are increasing rapidly.
- Few marine animal species have gone completely extinct compared to land animals, but populations of many species have declined greatly. Local extinctions where species disappear from parts of their range have been common.
- While extinction rates remain lower than on land currently, marine extinction rates may be approaching a transition point similar to what occurred during the industrial revolution on land, with rates set
TME Paper on Seagrasses & Global Climate ChangeMatthew Highnam
Global climate change is negatively impacting sea grass populations through increased water temperatures, sea level rise, and degraded water quality. Sea grasses are highly threatened by these changes for two key reasons: they require a certain level of light for photosynthesis, and they can be outcompeted by algae and phytoplankton when water conditions decline. The loss of sea grasses has cascading negative effects, as they play a vital role in sediment stabilization, nutrient filtration, and providing nursery habitats for many species. Case studies show that sea grass beds help prevent coastal ecosystem collapse by reducing algal blooms and eutrophication when excess nutrients enter the water. As climate change continues, extreme efforts are needed to protect these
IRREVERSIBLE? Climate Change, Fisherfolks, and the Coastal Communitymeih
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on coastal communities and fisheries in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines has extensive coastlines and coastal populations that are highly dependent on marine fisheries for food and livelihood. Climate change is expected to negatively impact coral reefs, fisheries, and coastal resources through rising sea levels, increased temperatures, and more extreme weather. This will threaten food security and biodiversity in the Philippines. The document also discusses observed shifts in species ranges and abundances due to ocean warming globally.
2011 nutrient enrichment caused by marine cageearambulm3
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the influence of marine cage aquaculture on coral reef communities in turbid waters near Penghu Islands, Taiwan. The study found that levels of ammonium, nitrite, and chlorophyll a released from fish cages distinguished the area closest to the cages (Impact Zone 1) from areas further away (Impact Zone 2 and the reference zone). Coral communities closest to the cages were dominated by stress-tolerant coral species while areas further away supported more diverse coral morphologies. The results suggest that nutrient enrichment from the fish cages is deteriorating suitable habitat for coral reef organisms at the study site.
Coastal aquaculture is having an adverse impact on the environment due to intensive shrimp culture. several other factors are also getting affected due to intensive coastal aquaculture.
This document summarizes a presentation on climate change and coral reefs. It discusses the basics of coral biology and ecology, how climate change is the main threat to corals through coral bleaching. Local threats like nutrient pollution can also negatively impact corals by lowering their resilience and recruitment. Recent mass bleaching events in 2014-2017 have caused severe damage to coral reefs worldwide. Long term solutions to address climate change are still needed to reverse its impacts on coral reef ecosystems.
The degradation of Philippine marine life and coastal ecosystems like coral reefs and mangroves is outlined. The Philippines has extensive coastline and marine resources but coral reefs have over 70% damage from threats like blast fishing, while mangrove areas have declined sharply from 500,000 hectares to just 117,000 hectares due to activities like aquaculture and development. Specific areas of concern are discussed like the Tubbataha Reef, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that suffered damage when a US naval ship ran aground in the reef in 2013.
Tropical Coastal Environment processes and hazardsAnonymousNetizen
Coral reefs and mangroves are important tropical coastal environments that are characterized by warm temperatures between 20-30°C. Coral reefs are formed from calcium carbonate secreted by coral polyps and fuse together, while mangroves are salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that thrive in intertidal coastal waters. Sediments in these environments originate from skeletal remains, non-skeletal carbonate and algae, as well as terrigenous sources. Their transport and accumulation is influenced by physical processes like currents and biological factors such as roots and burrowing crabs. Reef and mangrove sediments undergo reworking through wave action, bioturbation and feeding activities.
Status of Phytoplankton Community of Kisumu Bay, Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria, K...theijes
Lake Victoria has undergone remarkable and diverse ecological perturbations which are as a result of physical, chemical and biological processes, together with human activities that take place in the watershed area and within the lake itself. The most observed effects include increases in phytoplankton biomass and frequent algal blooms. In this study species composition, abundance, spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton as well as total phytoplankton biomass of Kisumu Bay, (Winam Gulf), Lake Victoria, Kenya was studied for six months in the wake of climate change. Sampling was done every two weeks using a Van Dorn Water sampler to take water samples and algal cells were counted under an inverted microscope with the help of a Sedge-Wick Rafter Cell in order to determine density. Phytoplankton biomass indicated by chlorophyll-content was determined through cold extraction in acetone and subsequent quantification by spectrophotometry. Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ using respective meters, while plant nutrient levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods following standard methods of APHA 1985 and Gems (1992) Handbook. ANOVA test was used to determine any temporal and spatial variability in the biological factors. Regression and Pearson’s correlation analyses were done to establish relationships between these factors. LSD test was done to determine means which were significantly different. The results indicated that a total of 36 genera of algae belonging to Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Pyrrophyta were present, with dominance of the classes in terms of number of species being in that order. Chroococcus species was the most abundant and its density was significantly different from all the others. Most algal species were more or less homogenously distributed in the bay (p=1.0000) and over the study period (p=1.0000), but their densities varied significantly between different species (p<0.0001). From these results, it can be concluded that the phytoplankton community within the bay is becoming very dynamic and could possibly portray the status in the whole lake. Diatoms are becoming increasingly dominant. There is continual increasing trend in physico-chemical factors. The information obtained from this work contributes to the understanding of ecological changes in the bay in response to climate change and variability and thus the threat to biodiversity. This information is therefore important for ecological and management purposes of the lake and understanding effects of climate change on ecosystem structure, functioning and productivity.
The degradation of natural infrastructure like mangroves, wetlands, and coral reefs in urban coastal areas is a significant and growing problem that disproportionately impacts poor populations. Coastal ecosystems provide important benefits like food, income, and protection from hazards, but around half of these ecosystems have been lost globally since 1900 due to development and land use changes. This is especially pressing in Asia and Africa where populations are rapidly growing in coastal cities and rely heavily on natural resources. Continued degradation of remaining coastal ecosystems from climate change and development could lead to irreversible losses of natural infrastructure protection for tens of millions of vulnerable urban coastal dwellers worldwide.
Environmental Impact of Deep Sea Mining A ChatGPT Analysisijtsrd
Deep Sea mining has emerged as a promising frontier in mineral extraction to meet the increasing global demand for metals and minerals. However, this industrial activity poses significant environmental challenges due to the unique and delicate ecosystems found in the deep sea. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the environmental impacts of deep sea mining, focusing on potential consequences for biodiversity, marine ecosystems, and the overall health of the ocean. By evaluating existing research and studies, we identify the key ecological concerns and discuss potential mitigation strategies to minimize the negative effects of deep sea mining. Manish Verma "Environmental Impact of Deep-Sea Mining: A ChatGPT Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59777.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/59777/environmental-impact-of-deepsea-mining-a-chatgpt-analysis/manish-verma
Similar to Crimson Publishers-A Conceptual Approach towards Utilization of Technological Advancement for Coral Reef Conservation at India (20)
This document summarizes research on the relationship between digestive gases and buoyancy in sharks. It discusses how digestive gases are produced during digestion and how their volume changes with water pressure based on Boyle's law. Video evidence is presented of two shark species (oceanic white tip shark and tiger shark) releasing digestive gases through their oral cavities and cloaca, respectively, in response to changes in depth. The document suggests sharks may be able to control their buoyancy and center of gravity by regulating digestive gas production, transport, and release.
In this study, nutritional profiles and growth performances of yellow mealworm, Tenebriomolitor larvae (TML) were assessed cultivated using common food wastes i.e. watermelon rinds, broilers’ eggshells and banana peels. Nutritional profiles and growth performance of TML were evaluated after 28-day feeding trial. Post-feeding proximate analysis showed significant increment of nutritional contents compared to the control groups; whereby TML demonstrated highest level of crude protein (43.38%±2.71), moisture (9.74%±0.23) and ash (4.40%±0.22) in the group treated with watermelon wastes. On the other hand, TML showed highest level of crude fibre (8.73%±0.05) when treated with broilers’ eggshells; and higher level of crude fat (40.13%±4.66) with banana wastes. Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) contents were also noticed higher in the group treated with banana wastes (4.46%±5.30). In terms of growth performance, TML administrated with watermelon wastes demonstrated superior in specific growth rate (2.50%±0.43) and feed conversion efficiency (0.10%±0.01). Interestingly, TML grown with banana wastes showed highest survival rate (97.5%) among all. In short, TML cultivation using watermelon and banana wastes showed a promising result on nutritional fortification and growth enhancement.
Artificial Insemination and its Importance in Marine Crustaceans: A Review by Chandan Haldar*, Shyam Kumar and Raju Ram in crimson publishers: Journal of Marine Biology
Artificial Insemination (AI) is a tool for genetic manipulation in the crustacean stock including shrimp and crabs. It is seen as one of the means for propagating shrimp culture to new areas by controlled reproduction. But there are few studies on the reproduction and embryology of marine crustaceans whereas other groups of freshwater crustaceans have received much attention, and their embryology is better documented. So for the proper development of the marine production it is now necessary to focus on the artificial insemination technique in marine species also. In the current review we have discussed on the different tool and techniques used in artificial insemination of marine crustaceans In future, more number of research and development works must be conducted to increase the production of marine crustaceans by controlled reproduction through artificial insemination.
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Microalgae as a Potential Source of Biofuels and its Current Advances_ Crimson publishers
Microalgae as a Potential Source of Biofuels and its Current Advances by Chandan Haldar*, Raju Ram, Shyam Kumar and Lakan Lal Menna in crimson publishers: Journal of Marine Biology
Sustainable production of renewable energy is passionately debated worldwide since it is progressively understood that first-generation biofuels are primarily produced from food crops. Mostly oilseeds do not contain enough amount of fat content to achieve targets for biofuel production. These concerns have increased the attention in developing second-generation biofuels produced from non-food feed stocks such as microalgae, which potentially offer high-fat content. The advantages of biofuel over fossil fuel are they are less toxic, biodegradable and lower emission greenhouse gases. This article reviews the current status of microalgae use for biodiesel production, including their cultivation, harvesting, and processing. The economic development of the world is hugely dependent on fossil fuel supplies which are constrained not only by partial availability but also generate high levels of pollution.
Because of the limited fossil fuel, concerted efforts have been started to search for alternative bio fuels like biodiesel, bio ethanol and since the diesel is being used massively in industrial commercial, fisheries, agriculture, and other sectors. So, the production and consumption of biodiesel from oil seeds crops have been getting renewed interest in recent years in India to overcome the drawbacks of oil from oilseed crops. Biodiesel produced from micro-algae has several benefits over the above resources due to higher algal biomass and oil yields and the need of non-arable land for its growth. Industrial and municipal wastewaters can be applied for farming of microalgal oil that can be used for the production of biodiesel to entirely displace petro diesel. The micro algal biomass has been reported to yield high oil contents and has the diesel production. Accordingly, a lot of R & D work has been initiated for the growth, harvesting, oil extraction and conversion to biodiesel.
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The document discusses the successful blue revolution of shrimp farming in the state of Gujarat, India. It details how shrimp farming started small in 1991-1992 but has since expanded significantly. A key organization, the Surat Aquaculture Farmers Association (SAFA), was formed in 2005 and has played a major role in the sustainable development of the industry. SAFA now has 200 member farmers and has developed over 2500 hectares of pond area, producing over 18,000 tons of high quality shrimp annually through best practices like site selection, pond construction/preparation, water quality management, health management, and post-harvest handling. The future plans of SAFA include further expanding the blue revolution movement in Gujarat.
This document summarizes research on meiobenthic fauna in India. It discusses how meiobenthic organisms play important roles in marine ecosystems through processes like bioturbation and forming links in the food web. It provides background on the history of meiobenthic research starting in the 18th century. It then reviews studies conducted in India, noting some of the early pioneers of benthic research and more recent works examining meiobenthic diversity along various coasts. The document emphasizes that while many Indian studies focused on ecology, taxonomy was often neglected, and more work is needed to improve species identification and documentation.
Antibacterial Effect of Endophytic Actinomycetes from Marine Algae against Multi Drug Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria by Manoharan N in Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography
Metagenomics to Unlock the Biotechnological Potential of Marine Environments by Michele de Cássia Pereira e Silva in Examines in Marine C Biology & Oceanography
Experimental Study on the Settling Velocity of
Coastal Mud in Quiescent Water: The Case of
Huangmaohai Estuary, South China Sea by Dong XU in Examines in Marine Biology and Oceanography: Open Access
Biocycling of Fractional Fatty Acid Components of Lipids in Mangrove-Benthic Systems, in Midnapore (East) Coast, India by Susanta Kumar Chakraborty in Examines in Marine Biology and Oceanography
A Positive Impact on Coastal and Marine Environment By Implementation of Biofloc System by Amarnath Dogiparti* in Examines in Marine Biology and Oceanography
Bacterial Community Profiling of the Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone Sediments using Cultivation Independent Approach by Baby Divya in Examines in Marine Biology and Oceanography
Life Cycle Analysis for Algae Biofuels- Using Local Situations to Factor in the Cost/Benefit of High-End Products Along with Nutrient Remediation and CO2 Sequestration by John Korstad in Examines in Marine Biology and Oceanography
The document examines various electromagnetic phenomena that were reported as possibly related to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan. It provides a literature review categorized by the type of electromagnetic phenomenon reported, including ionosphere total electron content anomalies detected by GPS networks, disturbances in peak plasma frequencies, ultra-low frequency magnetic field depressions, and very low/low frequency propagation changes. It also includes a table sorting the different electromagnetic anomalies reported according to their timing in relation to the earthquake and tsunami events.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.