Credit Rating; Credit Cards; Mutual Funds; Advance Banking and Insurance; Merchant Banking Services; Unit VI : Venture Capital, Factoring for Failing and Bill Discounting
The global securities market has been constantly evolving over the years to serve the needs of traders. Traders require markets that are liquid, with minimal transaction and delay costs, in addition to transparency and assured completion of the transaction. Based on these core requirements, a handful of securities market structures have become the dominant trade execution structures in the world. In this article, we'll take a look at some of the most popular market structures currently in use.
In this presentation we will deal with Insurance organizations, their operational structure, insurer’s function and key business terms used in this sector.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
The Financial services sector in India is blooming and has become one of the lucrative areas to professionalism. The sector has undergone metamorphosis since 1990. Indian economy got liberalized during 1991 and the financial sector was kept open for private and foreign players. During the late eighties, the financial services industry in India was dominated by commercial banks and other financial institutions governed by the Central Government. The economic liberalization has brought in a complete transformation in the Indian financial services industry. Prior to the economic liberalization, the Indian financial service sector was characterized by various other factors, which was related to the growth of this sectorThe term Financial services in its broader sense refers to ― mobilizing and allocation of savings‘‘. It is identified as all those activities involved in the process of converting savings into investment. Financial services also include FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES such as Merchant Bankers, Venture capitalists, Commercial banks, Insurance Companies etc.
The global securities market has been constantly evolving over the years to serve the needs of traders. Traders require markets that are liquid, with minimal transaction and delay costs, in addition to transparency and assured completion of the transaction. Based on these core requirements, a handful of securities market structures have become the dominant trade execution structures in the world. In this article, we'll take a look at some of the most popular market structures currently in use.
In this presentation we will deal with Insurance organizations, their operational structure, insurer’s function and key business terms used in this sector.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
The Financial services sector in India is blooming and has become one of the lucrative areas to professionalism. The sector has undergone metamorphosis since 1990. Indian economy got liberalized during 1991 and the financial sector was kept open for private and foreign players. During the late eighties, the financial services industry in India was dominated by commercial banks and other financial institutions governed by the Central Government. The economic liberalization has brought in a complete transformation in the Indian financial services industry. Prior to the economic liberalization, the Indian financial service sector was characterized by various other factors, which was related to the growth of this sectorThe term Financial services in its broader sense refers to ― mobilizing and allocation of savings‘‘. It is identified as all those activities involved in the process of converting savings into investment. Financial services also include FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES such as Merchant Bankers, Venture capitalists, Commercial banks, Insurance Companies etc.
,
cost of capital
,
bond
,
preferred stock
,
factors influencing cost of capital determination
,
cost of new common stock
,
cost of debt components
,
cost of preferred stock
,
components of cost of capital
One of the oldest forms of business financing, factoring is the cash-management tool of choice for many companies. Factoring is very common in certain industries, such as the clothing industry, where long receivables are part of the business cycle.
The chapter comprises of Primary Market - Its Role and Functions; Issue of Capital - Methods of Issuing Securities in Primary Market, Intermediaries in New Issue Market - Merchant Bankers, Underwriters, Brokers, Registrars and Managers Bankers; Pricing of Issue - Book Building, Green Shoe Option, Procedure for New Issues and SEBI Guidelines for Issue in Primary Market.
The primary market is where securities are created. It's in this market that firms sell (float) new stocks and bonds to the public for the first time. An initial public offering, or IPO, is an example of a primary market.
These trades provide an opportunity for investors to buy securities from the bank that did the initial underwriting for a particular stock.
An IPO occurs when a private company issues stock to the public for the first time.
Companies and government entities sell new issues of common and preferred stock, corporate bonds and government bonds, notes, and bills on the primary market to fund business improvements or expand operations. Although an investment bank may set the securities' initial price and receive a fee for facilitating sales, most of the funding goes to the issuer. Investors typically pay less for securities on the primary market than on the secondary market.
A rights offering (issue) permits companies to raise additional equity through the primary market after already having securities enter the secondary market. Current investors are offered prorated rights based on the shares they currently own, and others can invest anew in newly minted shares.
Companies can raise capital at relatively low cost, and the securities so issued in the primary market provide high liquidity as the same can be sold in the secondary market almost immediately.
The primary market is an important source for mobilisation of savings in an economy. Funds are mobilised from commoners for investing in other channels. It leads to monetary resources being put into investment options.
Chances of price manipulation in the primary market are considerably less when compared to the secondary market. Such manipulation usually occurs by deflating or inflating a security price, thereby deliberately interfering with fair and free operations of the market.
The primary market acts as a potential avenue for diversification to cut down on risk. It enables an investor to allocate his/her investment across different categories involving multiple financial instruments and industries.
It is not subject to any market fluctuations. The prices of stocks are determined before an initial public offering, and investors know the actual amount they will have to invest.
Presentation on "Capital Market"
1.definition and characteristics
2.function and players
3.importance/role and types
4.factor and structure
5.reforms and development
This analysis is an important tool used to optimize the capital structure for highest earnings for shareholders
It helps in understanding the sensitivity of EPS at given level of Earning before Interest & Tax under different sources of financing
It helps in analyzing how capital structure decision is important to raise the value of firm
An optimal financing structure minimizes the cost of capital and maximizes the earnings
Earning Per Share under different Capital structure plans
Plan 1 ( Only Equity Shares )
EPS = (EBIT (1−Tax rate))/(No. of Outstanding Shares)
Plan 2 ( Equity Shares & Debt )
EPS = ((EBIT −Interest) (1−Tax rate))/(No. of Outstanding Shares)
Plan 3 (Equity, Debt & Preference Shares)
EPS = ((EBIT −Interest) (1−Tax rate)−Pref. Dividend)/(No. of Outstanding Shares)
Plan 4 (Equity shares & Preference Shares)
EPS = (EBIT (1−Tax rate)−Pref. Dividend)/(No. of Outstanding Shares)
Thank You For Waching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
,
cost of capital
,
bond
,
preferred stock
,
factors influencing cost of capital determination
,
cost of new common stock
,
cost of debt components
,
cost of preferred stock
,
components of cost of capital
One of the oldest forms of business financing, factoring is the cash-management tool of choice for many companies. Factoring is very common in certain industries, such as the clothing industry, where long receivables are part of the business cycle.
The chapter comprises of Primary Market - Its Role and Functions; Issue of Capital - Methods of Issuing Securities in Primary Market, Intermediaries in New Issue Market - Merchant Bankers, Underwriters, Brokers, Registrars and Managers Bankers; Pricing of Issue - Book Building, Green Shoe Option, Procedure for New Issues and SEBI Guidelines for Issue in Primary Market.
The primary market is where securities are created. It's in this market that firms sell (float) new stocks and bonds to the public for the first time. An initial public offering, or IPO, is an example of a primary market.
These trades provide an opportunity for investors to buy securities from the bank that did the initial underwriting for a particular stock.
An IPO occurs when a private company issues stock to the public for the first time.
Companies and government entities sell new issues of common and preferred stock, corporate bonds and government bonds, notes, and bills on the primary market to fund business improvements or expand operations. Although an investment bank may set the securities' initial price and receive a fee for facilitating sales, most of the funding goes to the issuer. Investors typically pay less for securities on the primary market than on the secondary market.
A rights offering (issue) permits companies to raise additional equity through the primary market after already having securities enter the secondary market. Current investors are offered prorated rights based on the shares they currently own, and others can invest anew in newly minted shares.
Companies can raise capital at relatively low cost, and the securities so issued in the primary market provide high liquidity as the same can be sold in the secondary market almost immediately.
The primary market is an important source for mobilisation of savings in an economy. Funds are mobilised from commoners for investing in other channels. It leads to monetary resources being put into investment options.
Chances of price manipulation in the primary market are considerably less when compared to the secondary market. Such manipulation usually occurs by deflating or inflating a security price, thereby deliberately interfering with fair and free operations of the market.
The primary market acts as a potential avenue for diversification to cut down on risk. It enables an investor to allocate his/her investment across different categories involving multiple financial instruments and industries.
It is not subject to any market fluctuations. The prices of stocks are determined before an initial public offering, and investors know the actual amount they will have to invest.
Presentation on "Capital Market"
1.definition and characteristics
2.function and players
3.importance/role and types
4.factor and structure
5.reforms and development
This analysis is an important tool used to optimize the capital structure for highest earnings for shareholders
It helps in understanding the sensitivity of EPS at given level of Earning before Interest & Tax under different sources of financing
It helps in analyzing how capital structure decision is important to raise the value of firm
An optimal financing structure minimizes the cost of capital and maximizes the earnings
Earning Per Share under different Capital structure plans
Plan 1 ( Only Equity Shares )
EPS = (EBIT (1−Tax rate))/(No. of Outstanding Shares)
Plan 2 ( Equity Shares & Debt )
EPS = ((EBIT −Interest) (1−Tax rate))/(No. of Outstanding Shares)
Plan 3 (Equity, Debt & Preference Shares)
EPS = ((EBIT −Interest) (1−Tax rate)−Pref. Dividend)/(No. of Outstanding Shares)
Plan 4 (Equity shares & Preference Shares)
EPS = (EBIT (1−Tax rate)−Pref. Dividend)/(No. of Outstanding Shares)
Thank You For Waching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Similar to Credit Rating; Credit Cards; Mutual Funds; Advance Banking and Insurance; Merchant Banking Services; Unit VI : Venture Capital, Factoring for Failing and Bill Discounting
Fund raising basics by Vipul Thakkar- Haribhakti (Jan 2012)GetEvangelized
This deck was presented by Vipul Thakkar (Haribhakti) at the first module of the funding Clinic series initiated by TiE Mumbai's Investor Forum in Jan 2012
This presentation covers Merchant Banking History; Categories; Services provided by them; Methods of placement; underwriting; Issue management & SEBI guidelines.
Similar to Credit Rating; Credit Cards; Mutual Funds; Advance Banking and Insurance; Merchant Banking Services; Unit VI : Venture Capital, Factoring for Failing and Bill Discounting (20)
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Sales Management – The Sales Organization
– Determining Sales Related Marketing Policies – Sales
Functions and Policies – International Sales Management
– Personal Selling.
Sales Planning – Sales Budgets – Estimating Market
Potential and Forecasting Sales – Sales Quotes – Sales &
Cost Analysis, Sales Force Management: Hiring and Training Sales
Personnel – Time and Territory Management –Compensating Sales Personnel – Motivating the Sales Force
– Leading the Sales Force – Evaluating Sales Force
Performance.
Marketing Logistics - Distribution as Marketing Mix
Element – Distribution Resource Planning – Marketing
Channel Integration – Channel Management – Nature of
Marketing Channels – Evaluating Channel Performance-
Specialized Techniques in selling – Tele Marketing – Web
Marketing
Distribution Cost Analysis: Managing Channel Conflicts –
Channel Information Systems – Wholesaling – Retailing –
Ethical And Social Issues in Sales and Distribution
Management.
Introduction to Consumer Behaviour; Consumer Behaviour
and Marketing Strategy; Consumer Involvement – Levels
of involvement, and Decision Making
Consumer Decision Process – Stages in Decision Process,
Information Search Process; Evaluative Criteria and
Decision Rules, Consumer Motivation – Types of Consumer
Needs, Ways of Motivating Consumers. Information
Processing and Consumer Perception.
Consumer Attitudes and Attitude Change; Influence of
Personality and Self Concept on Buying Behaviour,
Psychographics and Lifestyles, Impuse Buying.
Diffusion of Innovation and Opinion Leadership, Family
Decision Making, Influence of Reference Group
Industrial Buying Behaviour– Process and factors, Models
of Consumer Behaviour – Harward Seth, Nicosia, E& D,
Economic Model; Introduction to Consumer Behaviour
Audit; Consumer Behaviour Studies in India
Introduction to Consumer Behaviour; Consumer Behaviour
and Marketing Strategy; Consumer Involvement – Levels
of involvement, and Decision Making
Consumer Decision Process – Stages in Decision Process,
Information Search Process; Evaluative Criteria and
Decision Rules, Consumer Motivation – Types of Consumer
Needs, Ways of Motivating Consumers. Information
Processing and Consumer Perception.
Consumer Attitudes and Attitude Change; Influence of
Personality and Self Concept on Buying Behaviour,
Psychographics and Lifestyles, Impuse Buying.
Diffusion of Innovation and Opinion Leadership, Family
Decision Making, Influence of Reference Group
Industrial Buying Behaviour– Process and factors, Models
of Consumer Behaviour – Harward Seth, Nicosia, E& D,
Economic Model; Introduction to Consumer Behaviour
Audit; Consumer Behaviour Studies in India
Introduction to Consumer Behaviour; Consumer Behaviour
and Marketing Strategy; Consumer Involvement – Levels
of involvement, and Decision Making
Consumer Decision Process – Stages in Decision Process,
Information Search Process; Evaluative Criteria and
Decision Rules, Consumer Motivation – Types of Consumer
Needs, Ways of Motivating Consumers. Information
Processing and Consumer Perception.
Consumer Attitudes and Attitude Change; Influence of
Personality and Self Concept on Buying Behaviour,
Psychographics and Lifestyles, Impuse Buying.
Diffusion of Innovation and Opinion Leadership, Family
Decision Making, Influence of Reference Group
Industrial Buying Behaviour– Process and factors, Models
of Consumer Behaviour – Harward Seth, Nicosia, E& D,
Economic Model; Introduction to Consumer Behaviour
Audit; Consumer Behaviour Studies in India
Introduction to Consumer Behaviour; Consumer Behaviour
and Marketing Strategy; Consumer Involvement – Levels
of involvement, and Decision Making
Consumer Decision Process – Stages in Decision Process,
Information Search Process; Evaluative Criteria and
Decision Rules, Consumer Motivation – Types of Consumer
Needs, Ways of Motivating Consumers. Information
Processing and Consumer Perception.
Consumer Attitudes and Attitude Change; Influence of
Personality and Self Concept on Buying Behaviour,
Psychographics and Lifestyles, Impuse Buying.
Diffusion of Innovation and Opinion Leadership, Family
Decision Making, Influence of Reference Group
Industrial Buying Behaviour– Process and factors, Models
of Consumer Behaviour – Harward Seth, Nicosia, E& D,
Economic Model; Introduction to Consumer Behaviour
Audit; Consumer Behaviour Studies in India
Introduction to Consumer Behaviour; Consumer Behaviour
and Marketing Strategy; Consumer Involvement – Levels
of involvement, and Decision Making
Consumer Decision Process – Stages in Decision Process,
Information Search Process; Evaluative Criteria and
Decision Rules, Consumer Motivation – Types of Consumer
Needs, Ways of Motivating Consumers. Information
Processing and Consumer Perception.
Consumer Attitudes and Attitude Change; Influence of
Personality and Self Concept on Buying Behaviour,
Psychographics and Lifestyles, Impuse Buying.
Diffusion of Innovation and Opinion Leadership, Family
Decision Making, Influence of Reference Group
Industrial Buying Behaviour– Process and factors, Models
of Consumer Behaviour – Harward Seth, Nicosia, E& D,
Economic Model; Introduction to Consumer Behaviour
Audit; Consumer Behaviour Studies in India
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
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Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Credit Rating; Credit Cards; Mutual Funds; Advance Banking and Insurance; Merchant Banking Services; Unit VI : Venture Capital, Factoring for Failing and Bill Discounting
2. CREDIT RATING
Credit rating is a symbolic indicator of the current objective
assessment by a rating agency of the relative capability and
willingness of an issuer of a debt program to service the debt
obligations as per the terms of the contract.
For example :- Credit Rating Information Service of India Ltd.
(CRISIL)
Functions of Credit
Rating
Superior Information Low Cost Information
Basis for a Proper Risk
Return Trade Off
Healthy Discipline on
Corporate Borrowers
Formulation of Public
Policy Guidelines on
Institutional
Investment
3. Benefits of Credit Rating
Low cost information
Quick Investment Decision
Sources of Addition Certification
Increase the Investors Populations
Forewarns Risks
Encourages Financial Discipline
Merchant Bankers Job Made Easy
Investors Protection
Foreign Collaborations made Easy
Benefits the Industry as a Whole
5. Types of Rating
Equity Rating
Mutual Fund
Rating
Individual Credit
Rating
Rating of Banks
and Financial
Companies
Sovereign Rating
Rating structured
obligation
6. Credit Rating
Agencies in India
Credit Rating
Information Services
Ltd. (CRISIL)
Information and
Credit Rating Agency
of India (ICRA)
Credit Analysis and
Research (CARE)
7. CREDIT CARD
A credit card is a card or mechanism which enables cardholders
to purchase goods, travel and dine in a hotel without making
immediate payments – 45 days – credit card is a passport to
“safety , convenience, prestige and credit”
Types of
Credit Card
Credit Card
Charge
Card
In-Store
Card
8. New Types of
Credit Cards
Corporate
Credit Card
Business
Card
Smart Card
Debit Card
ATM Card
10. Procedure at the time of purchase at member establishments
A] Member establishment Scrutinizes :-
1. Validity period of the card has not expired.
2. The card has not been warning bulletin. Like card lost/
cancelled.
3. The signature of the card holder tallies with the specimen
signature on the credit card.
4. The card has not been tampered within any manner.
B] Merchant proceed :-
1. Obtain the impression of the card with the help of imprinter.
2. Obtain card holder’s signature in the space provided and
check whether signature tallies with signature on the card.
3. Prepare triplicate slips, one for the consumer, keep one copy
for record and forward one copy to the bank.
11. C] Procedure of Reimbursement:-
1. The member can claim reimbursement from the designated
branches of bank.
2. All transactions emanating during the day are consolidated in
the Summation Sheet cum BAR in triplicate.
3. The Summation sheet cum BAR in duplicate along the Banker's
copy of the charge slip should be submitted to the designated
branch for reimbursement.
4. Reimbursement should be obtained within 30 days from the
date of charge slip.
5. The bank after deducting commission credit the amount of
claim to the Member Establishment’s Account .
12. D] Facilities offered to card holders
1. Making purchase/availing of service at any of the member
establishments.
2. Cash withdraw at any of the branches of the issuer/member
affiliated of issuer to meet emergent requirements.
3. Add on facility fro family members.
4. Free credit period ranging from 15 to 45 days.
5. ATM facilities at selected centers.
6. Wide range of insurance facilities like, personal accident
insurance, cover accidental death etc.
13. Benefits of
Credit Cards
Card Holder
Simple to
operate
Convenient
method of
payment
Enjoy limit
Cash Obtained
Overdraft
Facility
Purchasing
Power
Issuers
High profit to
banks
Get new
customer
Reduces
Cheques by
customer
Member
Establishment
No Bad Debts
Speedy
settlements of
bills
Reduce Risk
Offer credit
facility
Increase the
volume of
Business
14. Demerits of
Credit Cards
Card Holder
High service
charges
Purchase
beyond capacity
Issuers
Include High
cost
Frauds
Less utilization
of cards
Member
Establishment
Heavy
Commission to
banks
Delay in
payments
15. Credit Card
Business In India
Andhra Bank
Central Bank
Bank of Baroda
Canara Bank
Bank of India
16. MUTUAL FUNDS
A mutual fund collects the savings from small investors, invest
them in government and other corporate securities and earn
income through interest and dividends, besides capital gains.
SEBI Regulations 1993 defines Mutual Funds as “a fund established
in the form of a trust by a sponsor, to raise monies by the
trustees through the sale of units to the public, under one or
more schemes, for investing in securities in accordance with
these regulations.”
17. Features/ Roles/ Benefits
Mobilizing small savings
Investment avenue
Professional management
Diversified investment
Better liquidity
Reduce Risk
Investment protection
Switching facility
Tax benefits
Low transaction cost
Economic development
Convenience
20. BANKING
“A bank collects money from those who have it to spare or who
are saving it out o f their incomes, and it lends this money to
those who require it”
G. Crother
“Banking means the accepting for the purpose of Indian
Companies lending or investment, of deposit of money from
the public, repayable on demand or otherwise, and withdraw
able by cheque, draft or otherwise.”
The Banking Companies(Regulation) Act, 1949
21. Types of Banks
On the basis of
Reserve Bank
Schedule
Schedule Bank
Non-Schedule
Bank
On the basis of
ownership
Public Sector
Bank
Private Sector
Bank
Cooperative
Banks
On the basis of
Domicile
Domestic Bank
Foreign Bank
On the basis of
Function
Commercial
Bank
Industrial Bank
Agricultural
Bank
Exchange Banks
Central Bank
23. Basic Function
Accepting
Deposit
Saving Deposit
A/c
Fixed Deposit
A/c
Current Deposit
A/c
Recurring
Deposit A/c
Home Loan A/c
Advancing of
Loan
Call Money
Advances
Cash Credit
Overdraft
Discounting Bills
of Exchange
Term Loan
Credit Creation
24. Agency Function
Remittance of Funds
Collection and
Payment of Credit
Instrument
Execution of Standing
orders
Purchase and Sale of
Securities
Collection of dividend
on shares and interest
on debenture
Trustee and Executors
of wills
Representation and
Correspondence
25. General Utility Function
Locker Facility
Travelers' Cheque
Gift Cheques Facility
Letter of Credit
Underwriting contract
Provides Statistical Data
Foreign Exchange
facilities
Merchant Banking Service
Acting As Referee
26. INSURANCE
“Insurance is a contract whereby one person, called insurer,
undertakes in return for the agreed consideration called
premium, to pay to another person called the insured, a sum
of money or its equivalent on specified event.”
“ Insurance is a plan by which large number of people associate
themselves and transfer to the shoulders of all, risks that
attach to individual”
27. Nature or Characteristics of Insurance
1 Sharing or Risk :-
2 Cooperative device :-
3 Evaluation of risk :-
4 Payment on happening event:-
5 Amount of payment :-
6 Large number of insured person :-
7 Insurance is not a gambling:-
8 Insurance is not a charity :-
9 Protecting against risk :-
10 Spreading of risks:-
11 Transfer of Risk :-
12 Ascertaining o flosses :-
13 A contract :-
14 Based upon certain principles :-
15 Institutional set up :-
16 Insurance of pure risk only :-
17 Social device :-
18 Based on mutual good faith :-
19 Regulation under the law :-
20 Wider scope :-
28. Functions of
Insurance
Primary
Function
Provide
protection
Collective
Bearing of risk
Evaluation of
risk
Provide
certainty
against risk
Spreading risks
Secondary
Function
Prevention of
losses
Small capital to
cover larger risk
Contribution
towards
development
Other Function
Means of saving
and investment
Source of
earning foreign
exchange
Promoters
exports
Provides social
security
29. Limitations of Insurance
All the risk cannot be insured
Insurable interest on the subject matter
Impossibility of measurement of real loss
Not possible to insure the risk covered by a single
individual or a small group
Higher premium rate
Moral hazard
Certain rights cannot be insured by private insurers
Unattractive investment
In certain cases cooperation of govt. I necessary
All the pure risks are not insured
30. Scope or
Classification
Nature of
Business
Life insurance
Fire insurance
Marine
insurance
Social insurance
Miscellaneous
insurance
Sickness
Insurance
Death Insurance
Disability
Insurance
Unemployment
Old age
insurance
Business point of
view
Life Insurance
General
Insurance
Risk point of
view
Personal
Insurance
Property
Insurance
Liability
Insurance
Fidelity
Guarantee
31. Principles of
Insurance
Good Faith Indemnity Subrogation
Contract of life and personal
accident insurance
Payment of the whole loss
Surrender of all rights
claims to insurers
Insurer get benefit only to
extent of payment
The insured to provide
facility to the insurer
Insurer entitled to only such
rights as are available to the
insured
Insurable
interest
Cause Proxima
Doctrine of
Contribution
32. MERCHANT BANKING
“Any person who is engaged in the business of issue
management either by making arrangement regarding selling,
buying or subscribing to securities or acting as manager,
consultant, adviser or rendering corporate advisory services in
relation to such issue management.”
33. Difference between Commercial banking and Merchant banking
Commercial banking
• Financing agency
• Retail banking activity
• Collection savings as per
plan and guidelines
Merchant banking
• Financial services
• Whole sale banking
• Handling amount of its own
34. Function and Services of Merchant Banking
1. Corporate counseling:-
2. Project counseling:-
3. Pre-investment studies:-
4. Capital restructuring:-
5. credit Syndication and Project Finance:-
6. Issue management and underwriting:-
7. Portfolio management:-
8. Working capital finance:-
9. Acceptance Credit and Bill Discounting:-
10. Merger, amalgamation and takeovers:-
11. Venture capital:-
12. Leasing financing:-
13. Foreign currency finance :-
14. Fixed deposit broking:-
15. Mutual funds:-
16. Project appraisal:-