Creating student's profile using blockchain technology. V. Juričić, M. Radošević and E. Fuzul
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia
SECRY - Secure file storage on cloud using hybrid cryptographyALIN BABU
Final project presentation of Final year B.tech CSE Project APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University.
About the project
Cloud computing has now become a major trend, it is a new data hosting technology that is very popular in recent years. In this project, we are developing an web application that can securely store the files to a cloud server. We proposes a system that uses hybrid cryptography technique to securely store the data in cloud. The hybrid approach when deployed in cloud environment makes the remote server more secure and thus, helps the users to fetch more trust of their data in the cloud. For data security and privacy protection issues, the fundamental challenge of separation of sensitive data and access control is fulfilled. Cryptography technique translates original data into unreadable format. This technique uses keys for translate data into unreadable form. So only authorized person can access data from cloud server.
We provide a cloud storage that uses multiple crypotraphic technique which is known by hybrid cryptography. The product provides confidentiality by using security for both upload and download. The data will be secured since we use multi level security techniques and multiple servers for storage.
Nhận viết luận văn Đại học , thạc sĩ - Zalo: 0917.193.864
Tham khảo bảng giá dịch vụ viết bài tại: vietbaocaothuctap.net
Download luận văn đồ án tốt nghiệp ngành công nghệ thông tin với đề tài: Kỹ thuật giấu tin văn bản trong hình ảnh dựa trên hàm modulus, cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo
SECRY - Secure file storage on cloud using hybrid cryptographyALIN BABU
Final project presentation of Final year B.tech CSE Project APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University.
About the project
Cloud computing has now become a major trend, it is a new data hosting technology that is very popular in recent years. In this project, we are developing an web application that can securely store the files to a cloud server. We proposes a system that uses hybrid cryptography technique to securely store the data in cloud. The hybrid approach when deployed in cloud environment makes the remote server more secure and thus, helps the users to fetch more trust of their data in the cloud. For data security and privacy protection issues, the fundamental challenge of separation of sensitive data and access control is fulfilled. Cryptography technique translates original data into unreadable format. This technique uses keys for translate data into unreadable form. So only authorized person can access data from cloud server.
We provide a cloud storage that uses multiple crypotraphic technique which is known by hybrid cryptography. The product provides confidentiality by using security for both upload and download. The data will be secured since we use multi level security techniques and multiple servers for storage.
Nhận viết luận văn Đại học , thạc sĩ - Zalo: 0917.193.864
Tham khảo bảng giá dịch vụ viết bài tại: vietbaocaothuctap.net
Download luận văn đồ án tốt nghiệp ngành công nghệ thông tin với đề tài: Kỹ thuật giấu tin văn bản trong hình ảnh dựa trên hàm modulus, cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo
Scaling your logging infrastructure using syslog-ngPeter Czanik
This talk was presented at All Things Open: https://allthingsopen.org/talk/scaling-your-logging-infrastructure/
Event logging is important not only for IT security and operations, but also for business decisions. The syslog-ng application is an enhanced logging daemon, with a focus on central log collection. It collects logs from many different sources, processes and filters them and finally it stores them or routes them for further analysis.
From this session you will learn (using examples from syslog-ng) why and how to parse important information from incoming messages, and how to route logs, feeding downstream systems using arbitrary formats. We will also discuss how the client – relay – server architecture can solve scalability problems. Also, I will present some of the recently introduced “Big Data” destinations of syslog-ng, which can help to scale your infrastructure even further.
WANT CODING just visit----------http://bit.ly/image_javaproject
Steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place, by hiding information in other information. Many different carrier file formats can be used, but digital images
are the most popular because of their frequency on the Internet. For hiding secret information in
images, there exists a large variety of stenographic techniques some are more complex than others and all of them have respective strong and weak points.
Blockchain-based protocol of autonomous business activity for multi-agent sys...eraser Juan José Calderón
Blockchain-based protocol of autonomous business activity for
multi-agent systems consisting of UAVs.
Aleksandr Kapitonov, Sergey Lonshakov, Aleksandr Krupenkin and Ivan Berman
Abstract— This article describes a method of organizing the
communication protocol, which allows agents of the multiagent system (MAS) to make decisions about their actions.
Plan activities and interact with each other to perform tasks
of modern industrial and business processes based on cyberphysical systems. The main attention is paid to those multiagent systems, where autonomous agents — robots or smart
things — participate in business processes among people, and
their activities are organized in an unreliable and unknown
environment. The article shows, how to organize a communication system between agents in a peer-to-peer network using
the decentralized Ethereum Blochchain technology and smart
contracts. The architecture of protocol of autonomous business
activity, based on this communication method is given. As a result, the experience of implementation an autonomous economic
system with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is described.
Index Terms— MAS, cyber-physical systems, Ethereum
Blockchain, smart contracts, ROS, AIRA, P2P network, UAV.
Scaling your logging infrastructure using syslog-ngPeter Czanik
This talk was presented at All Things Open: https://allthingsopen.org/talk/scaling-your-logging-infrastructure/
Event logging is important not only for IT security and operations, but also for business decisions. The syslog-ng application is an enhanced logging daemon, with a focus on central log collection. It collects logs from many different sources, processes and filters them and finally it stores them or routes them for further analysis.
From this session you will learn (using examples from syslog-ng) why and how to parse important information from incoming messages, and how to route logs, feeding downstream systems using arbitrary formats. We will also discuss how the client – relay – server architecture can solve scalability problems. Also, I will present some of the recently introduced “Big Data” destinations of syslog-ng, which can help to scale your infrastructure even further.
WANT CODING just visit----------http://bit.ly/image_javaproject
Steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place, by hiding information in other information. Many different carrier file formats can be used, but digital images
are the most popular because of their frequency on the Internet. For hiding secret information in
images, there exists a large variety of stenographic techniques some are more complex than others and all of them have respective strong and weak points.
Blockchain-based protocol of autonomous business activity for multi-agent sys...eraser Juan José Calderón
Blockchain-based protocol of autonomous business activity for
multi-agent systems consisting of UAVs.
Aleksandr Kapitonov, Sergey Lonshakov, Aleksandr Krupenkin and Ivan Berman
Abstract— This article describes a method of organizing the
communication protocol, which allows agents of the multiagent system (MAS) to make decisions about their actions.
Plan activities and interact with each other to perform tasks
of modern industrial and business processes based on cyberphysical systems. The main attention is paid to those multiagent systems, where autonomous agents — robots or smart
things — participate in business processes among people, and
their activities are organized in an unreliable and unknown
environment. The article shows, how to organize a communication system between agents in a peer-to-peer network using
the decentralized Ethereum Blochchain technology and smart
contracts. The architecture of protocol of autonomous business
activity, based on this communication method is given. As a result, the experience of implementation an autonomous economic
system with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is described.
Index Terms— MAS, cyber-physical systems, Ethereum
Blockchain, smart contracts, ROS, AIRA, P2P network, UAV.
USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY FOR E-LEARNING.
A.V. TOLBATOV, S.V. AGADZHANOVA, O.B. VIUNENKO
Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy
V.A. TOLBATOV
Sumy State University, Sumy.
Annotation. This article introduces the main principles of the Blockchain focusing on its potential for the e-learning. It
explains how this technology may both disrupt institutional norms and empower learners. It proposes one of scenarios for the
application of the Blockchain in an education context, based on the current state of technology development and deployment.
Blockchain is a modern information technology, providing creation of growing lists of data sequences. A separate
parts of the chain are called «blocks, which are linked using cryptography. Each component of the system remembers the
previous one, unauthorized changes are immediately blocked. The blockchain works as a decentralized register that stores data
on the Internet with an open access to the public.
Blockchain can be implemented within the automated management systems of individual higher education institutions
or groups of educational institutions. Each user who wants to store his personal and financial data as safe as possible, and to
provide a reliable information on his qualifications, can use blockchain technologies
EUNICERT: ETHEREUM BASED DIGITAL CERTIFICATE VERIFICATION SYSTEMIJNSA Journal
The fake certificate is a special global problem in today's digital age. Thousands of universities and educational institutions around the world do not exist but can release hundreds of millions of fake degrees. Verifying the integrity of qualifications is a real challenge for today's employers. Applying the anti-data
modifying properties of blockchain technology, this study proposes a solution issuing and verifying digital certificates called EUniCert to solve this problem. By changing the design and integrating new consensus algorithm used in Ethereum platform into the Unicoin network that was used to verify and store the information related to the issued digital certificate, the EUniCert improves the latency to validate transactions as well as the number of verified blocks in the blockchain network compared to the previous solution that we have proposed. We implement a simple blockchain system to illustrate the management operation of the digital certificates on the ethereum platform. Besides, we conduct a simulation to evaluate the performance of our proposal compared with the previous system. The result is that the average latency decreases by 3.27 times as well as the number of verified blocks increases by 11% compared with the previous system.
EUNICERT: ETHEREUM BASED DIGITAL CERTIFICATE VERIFICATION SYSTEMIJNSA Journal
The fake certificate is a special global problem in today's digital age. Thousands of universities and educational institutions around the world do not exist but can release hundreds of millions of fake degrees. Verifying the integrity of qualifications is a real challenge for today's employers. Applying the anti-data modifying properties of blockchain technology, this study proposes a solution issuing and verifying digital certificates called EUniCert to solve this problem. By changing the design and integrating new consensus algorithm used in Ethereum platform into the Unicoin network that was used to verify and store the information related to the issued digital certificate, the EUniCert improves the latency to validate transactions as well as the number of verified blocks in the blockchain network compared to the previous solution that we have proposed. We implement a simple blockchain system to illustrate the management operation of the digital certificates on the ethereum platform. Besides, we conduct a simulation to evaluate the performance of our proposal compared with the previous system. The result is that the average latency decreases by 3.27 times as well as the number of verified blocks increases by 11% compared with the previous system.
AN EVALUATION OF SECURITY IN BLOCKCHAIN-BASED SHARING OF STUDENT RECORDS IN H...IJNSA Journal
Blockchain has recently taken off as a disruptive technology, from its initial use in cryptocurrencies to wider applications in areas such as property registration and insurance due to its characteristic as a distributed ledger which can remove the need for a trusted third party to facilitate transactions. This spread of the technology to new application areas has been driven by the development of smart contracts – blockchain-based protocols which can automatically enforce a contract by executing code based on the logic expressed in the contract. One exciting area for blockchain is higher education. Students in higher education are ever more mobile, and in an ever more agile world, the friction and delays caused by multiple levels of administration in higher education can cause many anxieties and hardships for students as well as potential employers who need to examine and evaluate student credentials. Distance learning as a primary platform for higher education promises to open up higher education to a wider range of learners than ever before. Blockchain-based storage of academic credentials is being widely studied due to the advantages it can bring. As with any network-based system, blockchain comes with a number of security and privacy concerns. Blockchain needs to meet several security-related requirements to be widely accepted: decentralization; confidentiality; integrity; transparency; and immutability. Researchers have been busy devising schemes to ensure that such requirements can be met in blockchain-based systems. Several types of blockchain-specific attacks have been identified: 51% attacks; malicious contracts; spam attacks; mining pools; targeted DDoS attacks; and others. Real-world attacks on blockchain-based systems have been seen on cryptocurrency sites. In this paper, we will evaluate the specific privacy and security concerns for blockchain-based systems used for academic credentials as well as suggested solutions. We also examine the issues for academic credentials which are stored “off-chain” in such systems (as is often the case). In this case, a Distributed File System (DFS) implemented with a peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture is often the choice for the storage of the academic credentials since it matches the decentralized nature of blockchain. Blockchain then contributes much to the usefulness of such a DFS, making it in turn a good match for a P2P DFS such as IPFS.
Blockchain and its Potential in Education. Cristina Turcu , Cornel Turcu , Iu...eraser Juan José Calderón
Blockchain and its Potential in Education. Cristina Turcu , Cornel Turcu , Iuliana Chiuchișan.
Abstract
The proposed paper presents a literature review regarding the status of integrating the dynamic blockchain technology in the educational field. Blockchain is a relatively new technology and the same is its implementation in education. The emerging need in this area of research, which still is in its infancy, is justified by the possible use cases; some of these cases are in piloting phase, while others have already been adopted by educational institutions. This paper focuses on extending knowledge about blockchain and on identifying the benefits, risks and the associated challenges regarding the successful implementation of blockchain-based solutions in the field of education, fully in line with standards and guidelines for quality assurance.
The Path and Thinking of Education Reform Driven by Blockchain Technology Lip...eraser Juan José Calderón
The Path and Thinking of Education Reform Driven by Blockchain Technology
Liping Li.
Abstract.
Blockchain is changing the ideas and patterns of global finance, business and public management. In the field of education and teaching, bock chain also shows good application prospects. In order to study the path and method of the application of block chain technology in education reform, this paper analyzes the core technology of the block chain and its advantage in education and teaching, combining with teaching practice, this paper explains the application of block chain in educational innovation in many ways such as block chain transcript, learning certification, individualized learning, learning ledger, teaching resource management, monitoring and evaluation of teaching quality, etc. The article also gives the framework of the block chain teaching platform and puts forward some problems and thoughts of the block chain application used in education and teaching.
Benefits of blockchain for universitiesCeline George
The value and credibility of university certificates or degrees play a vital role in acquiring a decent well-paid job. Technological advancement creates a short distance from the employer to its right employee. It is the duty of the educational institution to provide their students identity in a trusted and cross-platform mode so that the students can produce it anywhere confidently without any insecurity feeling.
Blockchain Architecture to Higher Education Systems de Palanivel Kuppusamy del Department of Computer Science de la Pondicherry University.
ABSTRACT:
The blockchain is an emerging technology that serves as an immutable ledger, which allows transactions to take place in a decentralized manner. It has become a publicly available infrastructure for building decentralized applications and achieving interoperability. Blockchain-based applications ensure transparency and trust between all parties involved in the interaction. The blockchain also makes blockchain technology-based services interest to the education sector. Nowadays, educational organizations focus on online education and propose to create a system based on educational smart contracts in a public ledger. This public ledger will be shared between major offline educational institutes around the world. From a software architecture perspective, blockchain enables new forms of distributed software architectures across a large network of untrusted participants. The objective of this article is to apply blockchain technology in learning solutions and to propose a blockchain architecture to e-Learning solutions in Higher Education Systems. The proposed architecture exploits the benefits of the blockchain and offering security, anonymity, longevity, integrity, transparency, immutability and global ecosystem simplification, in order to create a globally trusted higher education credit system.
The presentation gives a general introduction to blockchain technology, examines currently deployed uses in education, considers future scenarios for development, as well as gives recommendations to European policymakers on how to support blockchain initiatives in education.
Delivered by Anthony F. Camilleri & Alex Grech for an internal seminar at the European Commission in Brussels on 08.02.2018
Use of Blockchain in Education: A Systematic Literature Review. Hafiza Yumna,...eraser Juan José Calderón
Use of Blockchain in Education: A Systematic Literature Review.
Hafiza Yumna, Muhammad Murad Khan, Maria Ikram y Sabahat Ilyas
Abstract. Blockchain technology enables the formation of a distributed record of a digital event in decentralized manner where data and related transactions are not under the control of any third party. This technology was early used for value transfer but now it has vast range of applications in different fields such as healthcare, banking, internet of things and many others. In the field of education, it also provides numerous opportunities for decentralized management of records in educational institutions in an interoperability manner. The main objective of this research is to highlight the existing issues related to the educational institutes and to find suitable blockchain features that could resolve them. We have adopted a systematic literature review approach for the identification and the extraction of relevant information from the shortlisted studies. This study describes existing issues in three aspects physical, digital and financial. The results of the analysis shows that the manipulation risk, difficulty in verification and exchanging record between institutions are the major issues faced by the educational institutions. This study, then explores blockchain features including decentralization, traceability and consensus mechanism that can be used to address the issues related to the educational institution. Finally, due to unique and underlying technology, it has still some technical challenges and boundaries along with immutability feature, disclosure of personal privacy and scalability issue also discussed in this study.
Keywords: Blockchain, Education, Systematic Review
The Blockchain and Kudos: A Distributed System for Educational Record, Reputa...eraser Juan José Calderón
The Blockchain and Kudos: A Distributed System for Educational Record, Reputation and Reward
Mike Sharples and John Domingue
Abstract. The 'blockchain' is the core mechanism for the Bitcoin digital payment system. It embraces a set of inter-related technologies: the blockchain itself as a distributed record of digital events, the distributed consensus method to agree whether a new block is legitimate, automated smart contracts, and the data structure associated with each block. We propose a permanent distributed record of intellectual effort and associated reputational reward, based on the blockchain that instantiates and democratises educational reputation beyond the academic community. We are undertaking initial trials of a private blockchain or storing educational records, drawing also on our previous research into reputation management for educational systems. Keywords: Blockchain · Reputation management · Self-determined learning · e-portfolios · Records of achievement
Running head BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY BEYOND CRYPTOCURRENCY1B.docxtoddr4
Running head: BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY: BEYOND CRYPTOCURRENCY
1
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY: BEYOND CRYPTOCURRENCY
7
Block-chain Technology: Beyond Crypto-currency
Christophe Bassono
University of Nebraska Omaha
CYBR-4360-860-Foundation of IA
Assignment: Semester Project Presentation
Block-chain Technology: Beyond the Crypto-currency
Contents
Contents
2
Abstract
3
Introduction
3
Fundamentals of Block-chain Technology
4
Application of Block-chain Beyond Crypto-currency
5
Future of Block-chain
8
Conclusion
8
Abstract
Block-chain is relatively new; therefore, a representative research sample is presented that spans over the last couple of years from the earlier literature addressing the field. The different usage types of Block-chain, as well as the digital ledger methods, applications, challenges privacy, and security issues, are examined. The technology constitutes two distinct components including block and transaction. Block refers to the collection of data, transaction recording, as well as other related details such as the creation of timestamp, correct sequence, et cetera. Blockchain which is the digital technology fundamental for crypto-currency has managed to bring forth a novel revolution through the provision of a mechanism that can be used for peer-to-peer transactions (P2P). The blockchain is a globally accepted ledger that is capable of achieving numerous new applications beyond transaction verification. Bitcoin that is progressively gaining awareness around the world is a vital example of Blockchain in practice. The block-chain technology is still at the stage of building up and is expected to be full-blown in the next few years. Introduction
The predominant goal of this proposal is to outline the literature on the functionality of Block-chain and other techniques of the digital ledger in several different spheres of influence beyond its use to crypto-currency and to come up with an appropriate conclusion. The technology of block-chain is relatively new; therefore, a representative research sample is presented that spans over the last couple of years from the earlier literature addressing the field. The different usage types of Block-chain, as well as the digital ledger methods, applications, challenges privacy, and security issues, are examined. However, the main focus of this proposal is to determine the most auspicious for future application of Block-chain beyond crypto-currency.
Block-chain is the technology that facilitates the system of Bitcoin crypto-currency, which is also regarded to be important in the formation of the backbone that guarantees privacy and security of several applications in different areas such as the eco-system of the Internet of Things. The block-chain technology has also been successfully applied in the industrial and the educational sectors (Pilkington, 2016). A Proof-of-Work, which is a mathematical challenge, guarantees the security of the chain-block by maintaining the transactions of the digital le.
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for educationeraser Juan José Calderón
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education
Guang Chen1,2, Bing Xu1
, Manli Lu1 and Nian-Shing Chen3*
Abstract
Blockchain is the core technology used to create the cryptocurrencies, like bitcoin. As part of the fourth industrial revolution since the invention of steam engine, electricity, and information technology, blockchain technology has been
applied in many areas such as finance, judiciary, and commerce. The current paper focused on its potential educational applications and explored how blockchain technology can be used to solve some education problems. This article first introduced the features and advantages of blockchain technology following by exploring some of the current blockchain applications for education. Some innovative applications of using blockchain technology were proposed, and the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology for education were also discussed.
Keywords: Blockchain, Educational evaluation, Instructional design, Learning is earning
Similar to Creating student's profile using blockchain technology. V. Juričić, M. Radošević and E. Fuzul (20)
Evaluación de t-MOOC universitario sobre competencias digitales docentes medi...eraser Juan José Calderón
Evaluación de t-MOOC universitario sobre competencias
digitales docentes mediante juicio de expertos
según el Marco DigCompEdu.
Julio Cabero-Almenara
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
cabero@us.es
Julio Barroso--‐Osuna
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
jbarroso@us.es
Antonio Palacios--‐Rodríguez
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
aprodriguez@us.es
Carmen Llorente--‐Cejudo
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
karen@us.es
REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONIS...eraser Juan José Calderón
Proposal for a
REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION
LEGISLATIVE ACTS
Predicting Big Data Adoption in Companies With an Explanatory and Predictive ...eraser Juan José Calderón
Predicting Big Data Adoption in Companies With an Explanatory and Predictive Model
Predecir la adopción de Big Data en empresas con un modelo explicativo y predictivo. @currovillarejo @jpcabrera71 @gutiker y @fliebc
Ética y Revolución Digital
Revista Diecisiete nº 4 2021. Investigación Interdisciplinar para los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
PANORAMA
Ética y Derecho en la Revolución Digital
Txetxu Ausín y Margarita Robles Carrillo
artículoS
¿Cuarta Revolución Industrial? El reto de la digitalización y sus consecuencias ambientales y antropológicas
Joaquín Fernández Mateo
Hacia una ética del ecosistema híbrido del espacio físico y el ciberespacio
Ángel Gómez de Ágreda y Claudio Feijóo
Aprendizaje-Servicio y Agenda 2030 en la formación de ingenieros de la tecnología inteligente
Angeles Manjarrés y Simon Pickin
Tecnología Humanitaria como catalizadora de una nueva arquitectura de Acción Exterior en España: Horizonte 2030
Raquel Esther Jorge Ricart
Revolución digital, tecnooptimismo y educación
Ricardo Riaza
Desafíos éticos en la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial a los sistemas de defensa
Juan A. Moliner González
notas y colaboraciones
Hacerse viral: las actividades artísticas y su respuesta ante los retos que impone la transformación digital
Marta Pérez Ibáñez
Salud digital: una oportunidad y un imperativo ético
Joan Bigorra Llosas y Laura Sampietro-Colom
El futuro digital del sector energético
Beatriz Crisóstomo Merino y María Luz Cruz Aparicio
Innovación y transformación digital en las ONG. La visión de Acción contra el Hambre
Víctor Giménez Sánchez de la Blanca
El impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la Sociedad y su aplicación en el sector financiero
María Asunción Gilsanz Muñoz
La ética en los estudios de ingeniería
Rafael Miñano Rubio y Gonzalo Génova Fuster
An ethical and sustainable future of work
David Pastor-Escuredo, Gianni Giacomelli, Julio Lumbreras y Juan Garbajosa
Los datos en una administración pública digital - Perspectiva Uruguay
María Laura Rodríguez Mendaro
Ciudades y digitalización: construyendo desde la ética
David Pastor-Escuredo, Celia Fernandez-Aller, Jesus Salgado, Leticia Izquierdo y María Ángeles Huerta
#StopBigTechGoverningBigTech . More than 170 Civil Society Groups Worldwide O...eraser Juan José Calderón
#StopBigTechGoverningBigTech: More than 170 Civil Society Groups Worldwide Oppose Plans for a
Big Tech Dominated Body for Global Digital Governance.
Not only in developing countries but also in the US and EU, calls for stronger regulation of Big Tech
are rising. At the precise point when we should be shaping global norms to regulate Big Tech, plans
have emerged for an ‘empowered’ global digital governance body that will evidently be dominated
by Big Tech. Adding vastly to its already overweening power, this new Body would help Big Tech
resist effective regulation, globally and at national levels. Indeed, we face the unbelievable prospect
of ‘a Big Tech led body for Global Governance of Big Tech’.
PACTO POR LA CIENCIA Y LA INNOVACIÓN
8 de febrero de 2021.
El conocimiento y la innovación son esenciales para mantener y mejorar el bienestar social y el crecimiento
económico. La competitividad y la productividad del tejido económico depende, casi en exclusiva, de la
cantidad de conocimiento avanzado incorporado por la actividad productiva y, por ende, de su continua
renovación. La investigación en las ciencias naturales, sociales y humanas es fuente de valores y
enriquecimiento cultural.
Desigualdades educativas derivadas del COVID-19 desde una perspectiva feminis...eraser Juan José Calderón
Desigualdades educativas derivadas del COVID-19 desde una perspectiva feminista. Análisis de los discursos de profesionales de la educación madrileña.
Melani Penna Tosso * Mercedes Sánchez SáinzCristina Mateos CasadoUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, España
Objetivos: Especificar las principales dificultades percibidas por las profesoras y los departamentos y equipos de orientación en relación con la atención a las diversidades en la actual situación de pandemia generada por el COVID-19. Exponer las prácticas educativas implementadas por dichas profesionales para disminuir las desigualdades. Visibilizar desigualdades de género que se dan en el ámbito educativo, relacionadas con la situación de pandemia entre el alumnado, el profesorado y las familias, desde una perspectiva feminista. Analizar las propuestas de cambio que proponen estas profesionales de la educación ante posibles repeticiones de situaciones de emergencia similares.
Resultados: Los docentes se han visto sobrecargados por el trabajo en confinamiento, en general el tiempo de trabajo ha tomado las casas, los espacios familiares, el tiempo libre y los fines de semana. Las profesionales entrevistadas se ven obligadas a una conexión permanente, sin limitación horaria y con horarios condicionados por las familias del alumnado. Se distinguen dos períodos bien diferenciados, en que los objetivos pasaron de ser emocionales a académicos. Como problemática general surge la falta de coordinación dentro los centros educativos.
Método: Análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas a través de la metodología de análisis crítico de discurso.
Fuente de datos: Entrevistas
Autores: Melani Penna Tosso, Mercedes Sánchez Sáinz y Cristina Mateos Casado
Año: 2020
Institución: Universidad Complutense de Madrid
País al que refiere el análisis: España
Tipo de publicación: Revista arbitrada
"Experiencias booktuber: Más allá del libro y de la pantalla"
Maria Del Mar Suárez
Cristina Alcaraz Andreu
University of Barcelona
2020, R. Roig-Vila (Coord.), J. M. Antolí Martínez & R. Díez Ros (Eds.), XARXES-INNOVAESTIC 2020. Llibre d’actes / REDES-INNOVAESTIC 2020. Libro de actas (pp. 479-480). Alacant: Universitat d'Alacant. ISBN: 978-84-09-20651-3.
Recursos educativos abiertos (REA) en las universidades españolas. Open educational resources (OER) in the Spanish universities. Gema Santos-Hermosa; Eva Estupinyà; Brigit Nonó-Rius; Lidón París-Folch; Jordi Prats-Prat
Pensamiento propio e integración transdisciplinaria en la epistémica social. ...eraser Juan José Calderón
Pensamiento propio e integración
transdisciplinaria en la epistémica social
Arlet Rodríguez Orozco.
Resumen. La educación evoluciona en la vida del estudiante
(ontogenia) y en la vida del sistema escolar (filogenia). Estas
rutas pueden consolidar la continuidad o producir un cambio en la formación del pensamiento propio como estrategia
pedagógica. La experiencia que expongo sucedió durante los
ciclos 2015-1 y 2016-1 al dictar la materia Epistemología de
la Investigación a nivel licenciatura en Estudios Sociales y Gestión Local en la unidad enes (unam) de Morelia. He basado la
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Creating student's profile using blockchain technology. V. Juričić, M. Radošević and E. Fuzul
1. Creating student’s profile using blockchain
technology
V. Juričić, M. Radošević and E. Fuzul
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia
vedran.juricic@ffzg.hr, matea.radosevic@ffzg.hr, efuzul@gmail.com
Blockchain technology offers advantages such as
integrity, anonymity, credibility and independence of
the institution and time because of its decentralized
nature. One of the current areas for tackling
challenges and potential application of blockchain
technology is education. Higher education is a
complex system with various challenges that could be
potentially improved by introducing this technology.
This paper shows a brief overview of current systems,
their current state and a direction of their
development, but also proposes specific guidelines and
upgrades for current systems, that would enhance
them and, consequently, the area of education. It also
proposes blockchain integration levels in higher
education that, combined with data extraction, can
expand and deepen the area of education for the
benefit of institutions, employers and students.
Keywords - blockchain; data extraction; education;
student's profile
I. INTRODUCTION
Blockchain is an emerging technology that is based on
decentralized and anonymous architecture which
confronts current technological systems and the usual
network topologies. It is based on a distributed ledger, i.e.
a database on a peer-to-peer protocol [11]. Blockchain
technology records a series of transactions between nodes
in the network, grouping data into blocks and using
special cryptographic methods to create an infinite array
of blocks. The technology is anonymous and protects its
user’s identity, unchangeable and trustworthy due to its
decentralized architecture.
Network anonymity is achieved due to lack of
exposure of private data in the network and by using
encryption to identify and authenticate users. The network
of trust marks blockchain technology as the unmistakable
true source of information. Cryptographic methods
involved in block creation as well as in linking blocks
make each blockchain transaction stable and immutable.
The consensus algorithms presented in the blockchain
maintain functionality and truthfulness of the network by
rewarding their users who contribute and validate
transactions. Decentralization is a great advantage of
blockchain technology compared to current systems,
because it removes a central unit or central node in a
network that maintains, monitors, and most frequently
charges network usage services. Centralized systems
generally control all streams of information within the
network and user data, and the stability and functionality
of the entire system depends on the main central node.
Blockchain works on a series of equally important nodes
that maintain the network and in a case of a failed node,
the network is not compromised. Copies of the database,
i.e. ledger, are distributed to all nodes of the network and
can be accessed at any time to see the last state of the
database.
Many states, institutions and organizations have
launched blockchain initiatives and are developing their
own technology that will potentially improve the current
one [1]. Although blockchain technology is mostly
connected of cryptocurrencies, it can be applied to a lot of
different areas.
II. BLOCKCHAIN SYSTEMS IN EDUCATION
As a very promising technology, blockchain has found
high-quality applications in the field of education. Today's
systems and networks in the field of education have
largely been centralized, have full control over their
students' knowledge and are largely bureaucratized and
nonautomated. Blockchain systems applied in the field of
education offer a turn of ownership. Due to its
characteristic of equality in the network nodes and the
exclusion off a central node, students would have full
independence of their personal data. It will allow total
independence of the students towards the institution and
with complete control over their data. Data stored on the
blockchain is permanently recorded and encrypted using
cryptographic methods to ensure integrity, immutability
through hash functions, authenticity and anonymity.
The blockchain's potential in education goes much
further, opening the student’s opportunity of anonymity
over their personal data, independence of institution,
immutability of records of official documents and
certificates with a complete confidence in the truthfulness
and infallibility due to networks architecture. With the
emphasis that the student manages all his data. Blockchain
opens up a new approach to education. Using this
technology, it is possible to reduce the administrative
costs and the cost of the study since most of
administrative work would be automatized. It also opens
an opportunity for a different approach in paying tuition
and gives opportunities for more customized and online
studies. [22][25]
MIPRO 2019, May 20-24, 2019, Opatija Croatia
521
2. Although it is currently in its experimental beginnings,
the potential of the distributed education system does not
remain unnoticed. Many universities, organizations and
companies are launching their own blockchain initiatives
and exploring the benefits and applications in the field of
education [14][18]. There are numerous publications
addressing the potential applications and a large number
of projects and co-operations in the field of education.
The most up to date university project is Blockcert, an
open-source software developed by Media Lab at MIT
university and the Learning Machine company [2][21].
The project seeks to expand existing systems and create a
universal software that is applicable to all educational
institutions which issue certificates. The Blockcert system
allows educational institutions to issue academic
certificates and give users full control of their own official
documents and personal data. Such system offers the
sovereignty and independence of a third party after the
issuance of the certificate since all data is written on a
blockchain. User data as well as all other documents are
the exclusive property of the user and the user can make
decisions about sharing his personal data. Without
questioning absolute truthfulness of the data provided by
the systems such as Blockcert, the user does not need to
provide insight into a range of other private data to
support the integrity of the certificate. Since every
transaction on a blockchain has two anonymous parties
who are participating in transaction, personal identity does
not need to be revealed since it is connected with the
participants public key.
Blockert is currently based on Bitcoin blockchain,
using unique identifiers to store the hash of a certificate,
or to be more precisely bash of certificates. This allows
systems to store any kind of certificate or any kind of data
to the blockchain because it is not storing document, but
only its hash. Previously Blockcert delivered certificates
to all attendees of a workshop by hashing document
content and then hashing the group of documents which is
known as the Merkle root. The institution issues a
certificate through its own system which, upon issuance,
records the evidence on the blockchain about the specific
certificate, data about the person to whom the certificate
was issued and the time it was issued. After the issuance,
the user and all the third parties with whom the user
wishes to share the obtained certificate can verify the
certificate through the Blockcert verification system.
Blockcert allows users to control and retrieve certificates
through a mobile application. Blockcert creates an
opportunity for institutions to deliver and safely store all
official documents in an easy way without the risk of
forgery or document loss, all while not exposing private
user data.
Currently, only the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, the University of Nicosia and the University
of Birmingham research center develop their own systems
based on the Blockcert specifications. The University of
Nicosia is the first university based on blockchain
architecture [9]. Besides offering a degree program on
cryptocurrencies and providing students with tuition fees
in cryptocurrencies, they offer a free online course and
issue academic certificates on the blockchain. For the
students who successfully complete the course, the faculty
issues a digital certificate that is recorded on the
blockchain. Every certificate is separately hashed and then
included in the index document. Afterwards, the index
document is hashed and its hash is placed on the
blockchain.
Sony Corporation and Sony Global Education have
developed a certification education system using
blockchain technology. The system is used to authenticate,
share and store documents generated through education
[10]. Woolf University is the first university completely
based on blockchain technology [19].
The technical capabilities of each system differ
depending on various factors such as selecting platforms,
tokens, etc.
III. IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL
The current development of blockchain technology in
education is mostly focused towards issuing academic
certificates to ensure integrity, trust and availability
regardless of institution or time. Furthermore, in
combination with a variety of available services, issuing
certification can be further improved.
Systems that offer biometric identification, protect
copyrights, archive documents [15][16][17], etc. surely
open question just how broad and applicable area in which
technology together with education comes in, and to the
which extent we can apply blockchain technology and the
all benefits it can bring.
In the case of issuing official records on a blockchain,
current systems can expand their functionality and in
combination with other technologies could enable much
more features. There are three main processes involved in
issuing a certificate: institution issuing a document by
recording it on a blockchain, verification of a document,
and sharing the document with all interested parties.
A diagram of components and their interconnections
in an educational environment in Blockcert system is
shown in figure 1.
Figure 1. Components of a blockchain in an educational environment
Figure 1 shows a blockchain that is used by certain
university, its students and employers. The university
issues students’ diplomas, uses hashed certificates and
then adds them to the blockchain. Employers, who also
522
3. have access to this blockchain, can use it to search and
verify students’ diplomas.
But blockchain technology offers much more than just
easier verification of diplomas. Technology is regularly
new, but its benefits are proved in many fields, although it
requires certain adjustments, not just in technical aspects
but also in management and organizational aspects. Our
proposal for improvements in educational institutions is
based on multiple various dimensions and each is
discussed in a separate section.
A. Division to courses
In most educational systems the only proof of
fulfillment is the final diploma. However, during the years
of studying, students acquire different key performance
indicators which in sum result in a degree and the
aforementioned document representing it, the diploma. In
order to allow students a more modular approach to
education, the diploma may be deconstructed down to a
smaller collection of key performance indicators, i.e.
grades and ECTS points. If the diploma is deconstructed
and students have the ability to retrieve only aspects of it,
it would allow a more flexible educational system.
One of the problems in the mentioned approach is the
increase of issued documents which the faculty must
handle. However, by introducing modern blockchain
systems the problem would be solved through automation,
all while keeping the integrity of certificates.
To reiterate, the certificate is an evidence of
individual’s learning. The first, almost logical, upgrade to
current systems could be the dissection of a degree down
to individual courses. The courses are constituent units of
the curriculum whose successful graduation results in a
diploma. By using blockchain technology or systems such
as Blockcert, the process can be improved by recording
and grouping certificates of all successfully passed
courses instead of delivering a single diploma. Systems
that function on the principle of saving hash to blockchain
can generate any form of certificate because the
blockchain does not record the contents of the document,
but only their hash and thus is primarily used for
verification.
For each course, the system would generate a new
certificate that would be recorded on the blockchain and
sent to the student. The user interface would consist of a
series of passed certifications, i.e. courses. Certificates
would be generated similar to the current system, bashed
or in the index document, but with additional data that
could be grouped.
B. Employer benefits
By recording the courses, it is possible to gain a deeper
insight into the knowledge gained during the course of the
study and create a student profile by listing all the courses
and grouping them into categories. The course categories
can refer to semesters, years or levels of study, and issuing
a certificate for each course would open a possibility for
the validation of a specific subject. Another possibility
would be grouping the course as a defined set of
knowledge that the student has acquired through the study
and as a factor in assessing the knowledge of the particular
area. With the extension of the system, employers would
receive, apart from the diploma itself, information on the
passed courses.
In this way, the employment process could be more
improved. Adding a course to a student profile would
allow the search of required courses, i.e. the required
courses or category of courses for the required position,
and thus the better filtering of potential employees. In
addition, students who are in the process of acquiring a
diploma or have not completed a degree, but have a
number of passed courses, this would allow qualification
on positions based on acquired knowledge, despite the
lack of a diploma. It could also be a potential motivation
for more active students. Such an approach would yield a
more just system.
Furthermore, splitting diplomas into smaller objects
can go much further and the student profile can be
elaborated in more detail. Courses are comprised of
conditions and activities that the student must successfully
pass in order to pass the course. Courses can thus be
divided by the formal obligations that the student
performs through the semester. A number of smaller units
such as presence, assignments, performance ratings, home
works can bring a much wider picture of the quality of the
acquired knowledge. All of the above-mentioned
conditions in the course represent the total of knowledge
gained through the study. Although these course units are
already defined as a set of obligations and requirements in
the course, they can be always be reevaluated, reused on
other courses and further dissected.
C. Data ownership
In a system without a central authority, students are
becoming rightful owners of their data. Applying
blockchain technology in a field of education is a step to a
more privacy-oriented system. Private data is no longer
collected and contained and there is no central point where
data can be exposed. All the data in the blockchain is
associated with user’s public key and only way it can be
accessed is through a linked private key. Private key is in
a exclusive ownership/property of a student and without
its private data remains encrypted to all third parties.
Current systems [2][9] are not recording student’s
personal data on a blockchain but only hash values of a
certificate. Due to this one-way function it is impossible to
retrieve original information. In blockchain terminology
public key stands for public address which is linked to a
student’s identity. Once a certificate has been issued and
recorded on a blockchain, the student holds all means of
controlling the certificate. The university no longer has to
hold any information about the student. Once a hash value
is stored on a blockchain and student has received his
certificate, university could crease to exist but the student
will still be able to verify his acquired knowledge. The
right to be forgotten is the most difficult part regarding
blockchain technology since once the data has been
hashed and stored on the blockchain, it cannot be
removed. However, the student is the sole owner of the
private key needed to unlock and access the data, therefore
all private and personal data covered via the GDPR
directive is truly and solely owned by the individual.
523
4. D. Introducing smart contracts
One of the most important features of blockchain
architecture are smart contracts, which enable an
extension of its functionality. Smart contract is an
executable program that is triggered when system’s state
satisfies contract’s conditions or requirements [12].
Although they are not so present in the most of current
education systems, their implementation greatly shortens
administrative tasks and increases level of trust in the
entire education system. Along with the current proposals,
by introducing smart contracts, it is possible to deliver all
the previous items by fulfilling the conditions.
Specifically, the diploma could be delivered to the student
after the passing of all courses or by obtaining the required
ETCS score. The smart contracts in education could be
triggered after the fulfillment of all conditions required
from the course, without any need for manual revision. As
an example, students would automatically receive a
certificate upon acquiring a positive grade in the final
exam, attending 80% of lectures and completing 25
exercises defined by the course.
Employers would also have many benefits. Such an
approach would allow them to search and verify
candidates on a lower level, with precise criteria,
including students who have only passed a certain course,
regardless of their other knowledge or their diploma.
The question is not to what extent it is necessary to
analyze studies and courses and divide them to smaller
units, because technically this is entirely possible. The
question is to determine an ideal level of granularity, in
order to achieve the maximum effectiveness for students
and potential employers.
E. Extraction of skills from courses
The next proposal relates to the extraction of features
or skills that students acquire through the course of
studying. By using machine learning algorithms and
clustering techniques, it would be possible to extract
knowledge and achievements [3] from a particular course
and improve the student profile. Profiles would be much
more individualized by combining the list of formally
acquired skills predefined from the course syllabus, and
the extracted skills from the course syllabus using
machine learning. By combining these factors, it would be
possible to gain insight into the entire student's study and
the competences it has acquired. The process and result
could be further extended by including additional
information dissected from the final grade, such as
percentage of attendance and other performance indicators
defined by the course.
From a perspective of an employer, it would be
possible not only to filter potential employees by courses,
but to search by defining specific sets of knowledge. This
would ease the process of hiring by allowing the search
queries to be more flexible due to the extracted informal
features generated by machine learning algorithms.
The next step in development of technology could
lead in the direction of cognitive skills especially in the
direction of modern cognitive abilities. The current
educational system is rigid and non-adaptive to the
everyday needs defined by potential employers. The
current system within its course syllabus define formal
skills such as mathematical competency, logical
reasoning, etc., while potential employers search for a
combination of skills which also include collaboration and
teamwork efforts, creative thinking, public speaking,
adaptiveness to new situations, etc. [4][5]
The required skills could be extracted by the
aforementioned machine learning algorithms by extending
the data observed in them, specifically by inserting job
descriptions and intersecting them with previous results.
Skills could provide an insight into a different perspective
on access to education, creating a focus not only on
adopted knowledge but on ways of acquiring knowledge.
They could show student skills beyond the courses, and
profiles would gain breadth and individuality in describing
the student.
Blockchain student cognitive profiling, along with all
the features of blockchains such as anonymity, integrity,
independence, offers a different approach to employment
and employee selection, and offer the fullest and widest
approach to education.
F. Extending student’s profiles with different sources
The traditional education system presumes that all
needed competencies and skills may be acquired through
the defined curriculum. However, in practice this proves
wrong in many cases due to many factors, from
bureaucratic problems of changing the curriculum to the
inability to support all the new skills presented. As a
result, students nowadays refer to multiple locations in
order to achieve the most out of their professional
education. Additional sources include extracurricular
studies, private schools and courses and online free
courses which include certification, e.g. the popular online
learning platforms.
By allowing the students to be full owners of their
own data, in this case certificates and diplomas, if all of
the certificates are registered on the blockchain and
implement the same process as mentioned in previous
sections, the final product would be an extensive profile of
students’ skills, courses and education located and owned
by the student and verifiable from the same source - the
blockchain.
Benefits for the employers in such scenarios are
obvious and extend the previously mentioned. A single
source of truth presenting all of the competencies which a
potential employee has presented, a combination of
traditional course outcomes and modern soft skills, would
allow the student to be fully showcased and would greatly
benefit the end-employer in its searching and selection
process.
IV. CONCLUSION
The blockchain technology opens a new to approach to
education widening the possibilities of user protection
data ensuring authenticity and security to various
academic records, transcripts and certificates. With
decentralized access to that kind of valuable information it
becomes truly independent as its issuers and allows open
secured access to it.
524
5. The number of projects and ideas is growing as well as
the number of members and organizations involved and
their mutual co-operation. It is difficult to predict in what
direction and how far technology will be faced with
everyday new implementation and adaptation proposals,
but also on many challenges in terms of scalability,
security, application of different consensus algorithms and
different platforms. Although for the most part the system
of crediting students through blockchain is in the test
phase, the potential for applying this technology in the
field of higher education is limitless considering value of
secured data. Blockchain technology allows students more
flexible education and creates a different approach to
employment and employee selection.
Possibilities of blockchain technology has not yet
reached it’s full potential but it’s decentralized nature,
security and independence are becoming more valued in
various industries and institutions that stress most value on
the authenticity and credibility of certified data.
V. REFERENCES
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Publications Office of the European Union, Joint, Research Centre,
2017.
[2] Blockcerts: The Open Standard for Blockchain Credentials.
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[3] Scheuer, O., & McLaren, B.”Educational data mining”. In N. Seel
(Ed.), Encyclopedia of the sciences of learning. Boston, MA:
Springer, 2012.
[4] Kantar, Rebecca et al. “Constructing cognitive profiles for
simulation-based hiring assessments.” in proceedings of the 11th
International Conference on Educational Data Mining, EDM 2018.
[5] P. Williams, “Does competency-based education with blockchain
signal a new mission for universities”, Journal of Higher Education
Policy and Management, vol. 41. pp. 104–117, January 2019.
[6] J. David Judd, “Cryptocollege: how blockchain can reimagine
higher education”, International Journal on Innovations in Online
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[7] Sharples M., Domingue J., “The blockchain and kudos: a
distributed system for educational record, reputation and reward”.
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technology and its potential applications for education”, Smart
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[9] Academic certificates on the blockchain – UNIC blockchain
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https://digitalcurrency.unic.ac.cy/
[10] Sony Global - Sony develops system for authentication, sharing,
and rights management using blockchain technology. Retrieved
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https://www.sonyged.com/2017/08/10/news/press-blockchain/
[11] S. Nakamoto S. “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system.”,
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[12] A. Morrison, How smart contracts automate digital business,
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technology/how-smart-contracts-automate-digital-business/
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