Creating inclusive mobile applications - NUX Leeds
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The slides from a talk I did at NUX Leeds in July 2017. The talk discusses reasons why we should make our mobile applications inclusive; as well as ways in which companies can consider inclusion in research, design and development.
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Creating inclusive mobile applications - NUX Leeds
- 1. Creating inclusive mobile applications Rebecca Topps Twitter: @beckytopps #nuxuk / #a11y
- 2. Reasons to make our mobile apps inclusive Inclusive user research Testing mobile apps Mobile accessibility guidelines What I’m going to cover
- 3. “Apps are usually much simpler than websites because they are so concise and all those which are accessible with voice-over usually have what you need available straight away…”
- 5. Uber – Taxi bookings Santander – Banking Ocado – Shopping
- 6. “Digital inclusion, or rather, reducing digital exclusion, is about making sure that people have the capability to use the internet to do things that benefit them day to day.” - Gov.uk
- 7. Why should we make our mobile apps inclusive?
- 8. In the UK around 81 per cent of UK adults, and 91 per cent of 18–44 year olds own a smartphone. Deloitte Mobile Consumer report - https://www.deloitte.co.uk/mobileuk/assets/pdf/Deloitte-Mobile- Consumer-2016-There-is-no-place-like-phone.pdf
- 9. Around 11.2 million people in the UK have some type of disability
- 10. More than 1 billion of people worldwide have a long term disability
- 11. Visual – Blindness, low vision and colour blindness Hearing – Hearing loss Motor – Arthritis, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis Cognitive – Down’s syndrome, aspergers, dyslexia and learning difficulties Types of impairments – Long term
- 12. Visual – Forgotten glasses or glare when using a device in bright sunlight Hearing – Communicating in a noisy environment Motor – Broken wrist or carrying a child Cognitive – Tiredness, stress or a hangover Types of impairments - Temporary
- 13. Struggling to view a phone screen due to sun glare When the website isn’t optimised for mobile and you can’t use pinch zoom
- 14. When your iPhone home button breaks – Assistive touch accessibility settings Forgetting your headphones when you want to watch videos on Facebook
- 15. Can anyone share another difficulty they’ve encountered when using a mobile phone?
- 17. Include users with a range of abilities when conducting user testing sessions
- 18. Build your own database of users Colleagues can ask friends and family Contact local disability charities and organisations Promote on social media Work with your participant recruitment team or external supplier
- 19. What devices do you currently use? Do you use any assistive technology? How often do you use your mobile phone? What apps do you use? Would you be okay travelling to our offices? Preferred format for tasks/agreement for recording Questions to ask users
- 20. Create a relaxed lab environment
- 21. Ensure the lab is accessible Is the location accessible? Are guide dogs and wheelchairs able to access the lab? What is the best transportation for participants? Will transport be refunded to the participants? How do you enter the location? Will you ask a member of staff to meet people? Ensuring you have clear directions to the lab to send to participants Ensure you have the tasks available in users preferred formats
- 22. What if you are unable to use a UX lab?
- 24. Technology Recording Silverback (Mac) – http://silverbackapp.com Morae, TechSmith – http://www.techsmith.com/morae/html Reflecting the phone screen Reflector – http://www.airsquirrels.com/reflector Solstice – https://www2.mersive.com/
- 25. Cameras Mr Tappy lightweight rig & camera https://www.mrtappy.com/ Dual-mode USB document camera https://www.ipevo.com/
- 26. Before starting the session ask the participant about any technology, apps or settings they currently use on their own phone/tablet. Or, provide the option for participants to use their own devices. Participant’s device
- 29. Changing font size and colours The in-built mobile accessibility features gives users the option to increase font size on their mobile phone; revert all colours or change the font to high colour contrast.
- 30. Screen Readers Screen readers replicate the UI for users who cannot see it. In-built into your phone accessibility settings.
- 32. Bluetooth keyboard Allows users to easily tab through and interact with content on a device. Can be tested with a mobile screen reader.
- 33. Switch control / Switch access iOS accessibility store - https://www.apple.com/uk/shop/accessories/all- accessories/accessibility The clicking action is interpreted by accessibility settings on a device, allowing the user to navigate through the mobile device, apps and websites.
- 35. There is no universal set of accessibility guidelines for mobile applications
- 36. Mobile Web Best Practices: https://www.w3.org/TR/mobile-bp/ The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web
- 37. Existing developer guidelines Android developer guidelines: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/accessi bility/index.html iOS developer guidelines: https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documen tation/UserExperience/Conceptual/iPhoneAccessibilit y/Introduction/Introduction.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/T P40008785
- 38. Developer guidelines Windows development centre - https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/accessible-apps
- 39. The best way to create consistency is to build your own set of mobile accessibility guidelines
- 41. “iOS usage has continued to increase. Android usage also increased though at a slower pace than previous years. Nokia usage is now quite rare. Windows Phone, Blackberry, Palm, and other platforms combined represent less than 6% of usage.”
- 44. Where to start with mobile inclusion Try the different accessibility settings on your mobile phone Include diverse range of users in your usability studies Look at existing mobile guidelines and send to different teams Start to include diverse range of users in your user testing Use free online training courses available online to start learning about accessibility
- 45. Ways to learn more about accessibility https://www.udacity.com/course/web-accessibility--ud891
- 46. Inclusive design patterns Heydon Pickering Apps for all Heydon Pickering A web for everyone Sarah Horton and Whitney Quesenberry
- 47. Every single one of us can have a small impact on making our digital products inclusive
- 48. Get in touch: Twitter: @beckytopps Email: rebecca@toppsusability.co.uk Website: https://toppsusability.co.uk Thank you!
Editor's Notes
- Before I get into my presentation I want to start with a story about a lady I have worked with a lot in the past – tell Story about hazel and the apps she uses I’m going to start my presentation with a story about an amazing lady named Hazel.
- Apps most of us use which Hazel also uses on a daily basis; add apps and tell following story - “Wake up: Look to see what the weather is doing - what's the temperature? Look at Facebook to see what people have been doing and add a post. Read the newspaper to see what's going on in the world. During the day: check bank to see what's gone in and what's come out. Buy groceries and say when you want them delivered. Listen to apple music and radio app. which I cannot hear unless I use another app, as I live in London, read the Bible which I should do more often. Television: The wonderful Sky Plus app. Look to see what's on today and if I'm not going to be home, then record it on my Sky box, or alternatively, if I am home, perhaps watch something on there already as I can view the menu of stored programmes on my iPhone. Or maybe play some music using Apple music - just ask for what I want! Check out sports. When is Liverpool's next game? This time I use the LFC app which gives me news, scores and fixtures. Bedtime: read a book with the wonderful Kindle app.”
- On Friday I was in london and met up with Hazel to catch up, we got talking about apps and I asked her experiences with them.. Uber – not allowing Hazel into taxis due to the dog Santander – Bad experience with the app, unable to make a payment and they have told her to phone to make a payment Ocado – Great experience, says it’s her favourite app to shop on
- Digital inclusion, or rather, reducing digital exclusion, is about making sure that people have the capability to use the internet to do things that benefit them day to day
- What do you think inclusion is?
- Add image https://www.shopify.com/partners/blog/why-and-how-to-improve-ecommerce-website-accessibilityn
- https://www.shopify.com/partners/blog/why-and-how-to-improve-ecommerce-website-accessibilityn
- https://www.shopify.com/partners/blog/why-and-how-to-improve-ecommerce-website-accessibilityn 1 in 7 people Long term – blindness, hearing loss, dyspraxia, and cerebal palsy, down syndrome, Aspergers
- There are a large number of different types of long term impairments, this is only a few examples
- There are also a number of what we can call ‘temporary impairments’ which will affect a person short terms. It’s likely some of us have experienced some of these examples before
- These temporary impairments or difficulties can affect us when trying to use our mobile phones too for example…
- Issues for congitive are often found during user testing – it’s important to test with congitive impaired users and elderly users
- The best way is to build your own database of participants by contacting local charities; organisations and family members Screener: Have a phone conversation with the user – start by asking what technology they use Questions to ask users What devices do you currently use? Do you use any assistive technology? How often do you use your mobile phone? What apps do you use? Would you be okay travelling to our offices? Preferred format for tasks/agreement for recording
- Questions you can ask when contacting users regarding the recruitment – just have a chat
- Currently working with shop direct on creating a relaxed usability lab for our customers
- Including internal and external labs - Sending information and a photo of the lab beforehand - Tasks and permission forms – braille, read out all tasks, written down, etc
- When working with some clients on inclusive user testing I’ve been unable to use a lab – therefore, I’ve conducted guerilla style testing in a room or at the participants home
- In past research I’ve had to use different resources and technology to create my own lab for disabled user testing. What we get from this is – the phone screen; users interactions and the users reactions which is all best for observation notes and analysis
- You don’t have to use fancy software and technology Solstice – originally created to be used in classrooms but used in the lab at shopdirect to reflect multiple device screens into the observation room in the lab List the technology here only What I’ve used in the past when you don’t have a lab set up with high tech to record etc Silverback Morae Reflector Mr Tappy or (better) a camera on the table placed on the table Prepare a camera over the participants shoulder
- Also over the shoulder camera – participants with partial sight who hold phone close to their face What I’ve used in the past when you don’t have a lab set up with high tech to record etc Silverback Morae Reflector Mr Tappy or (better) a camera on the table placed on the table Prepare a camera over the participants shoulder Dual mode document camera - https://www.ipevo.com/prods/IPEVO-VZ-1-HD-VGA-USB-Document-Camera
- UI Access includes a lot of tips about working with disabled users
- Only a small selection of testing you can do on mobile starting now
- - Support dynamic type framework Support accessibility settings Large and bold text is an Accessibility feature that helps increase legibility by using the iOS dynamic type engine to make fonts bigger and/or heavier and generally easier to read. For people with low vision, making text larger can magnify words without also magnifying interface elements. For people who need more contrast, making text bold can turn thin, hard-to-see lines into thicker, easier-to-see lines. Applying large or bold text in iOS will make text larger and bolder in all of Apple's apps, and in any App Store apps that support the dynamic type framework.
- Screen readers replicate the user interface for users who cannot see it
- Microsoft Universal Foldable Keyboard for iPad, iPhone, Android devices, and Windows tablet https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00UBGU4PY/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B00UBGU4PY&linkCode=as2&tag=tabletdiscount-20&linkId=FXXUBIN5RYY2ZO5R
- On iOS it is switch control, on Android it’s switch access People who have very limited mobility use a switch device. If a person can move only the head, for example, a switch could be placed to the side of the head that would allow the person to click it with head movements. This clicking action is usually interpreted by special software on the computer, allowing the user to navigate through the operating system, web pages, and other environments. Some software facilitates the typing of words by using an auto-complete feature that tries to guess what the person is typing, and allowing the person to choose between the words that it guesses. Switch technology is life changing. While it has been around for a long time, the increase in availability and affordability and increase in applications for it is allowing people to live much more independent, enjoyable and meaningful lives than ever before The key thing to understand is that designers and developers don't have to care about what the hardware is, they just have to programme an interface that can be controlled by one or two inputs, e.g. an interface that can be controlled using tab/enter. . For all switch users with the right support, it is now possible to take advantage of the broad range of benefits modern computing can bring: The ability to create and consume, the ability to control your home environment, the ability to communicate globally. For some, it means the ability to forge friendships and mark out a career. Everyone's needs are unique, so the hardware setups used are often unique too. Supporting all the possible permutations may seem daunting at first. Fortunately it is simpler than it sounds. A computer switch interface consists of two things: a switch and an interface. Switches come in a massive range of forms. Most can act in a momentary fashion, meaning that your switch behaves exactly like a mouse button, allowing different durations of presses. A minority of systems are more limited , forcing a timed down - up event – like clicking a mouse, but with no ability to hold it down . Switch interfaces are the link between the user’s switch and the device to be controlled. A generic physical switch interface is a box fitted with a 3.5mm socket that connects to a computer via USB or Bluetooth . Some interfaces offer the facility, either in hardware or software, to filter out accidental presses. What all switch interfaces should have i n common is the ability to be recognised as a mouse and/ or keyboard device, whether directly at a hardware level, or through software . The key thing to understand is that designers and developers don't have to care about what the hardware is, they just have to programme an interface that can be controlled by one or two inputs, e.g. an interface that can be controlled using tab/enter .
- The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or W3). The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are part of a series of web accessibility guidelines published by the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the main international standards organization for the Internet.
- The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or W3). The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are part of a series of web accessibility guidelines published by the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the main international standards organization for the Internet.
- I preferred to use guidelines such as the device specific guidelines, especially when working with mobile applications
- At my time with AbilityNet I was able to work with Barclays on creating their own internal mobile accessibility guidelines. Creating these guidelines helped developers and designers to know what to consider when building different user interface elements within their applications and websites. With Barclays we research the highest used platforms etc
- Best way to decide on which platforms to prioritise is to look at your highest used devices Webaim provide statistics on this – WebAim Screen reader survey
- A good example of internal guidelines which are available for us to view online are the BBC mobile accessibility guidelines. When working with mobile I often refer to the BBC guidelines to understand good practice; what to consider and how best to explain the requirements for all teams involved.
- Also provide a transcript where possible
- Inclusive design patterns by Heydon Pickering A web for everyone by Sarah Horton and Whitney Quesenberry
- If you want to know more get in touch