The document provides instructions for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It describes the steps to take before performing CPR including checking breathing and calling for emergency services. It then details how to perform chest compressions and rescue breaths in a repeated cycle for adults and children/babies. It also provides guidance on placing a casualty in the recovery position and dealing with vomiting during resuscitation.
A presentation used to train medical professionals to perform BLS in emergency condition. it will provide a better understanding about the steps of BLS and the order in which it should be perfomed.
In this presentation i have tried to explain in brief about CPR, how and when it has to be done and the important things to be kept in mind while doing it. This ppt is very helpful for every individual who is looking for the info regarding CPR.
CPR – or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest.
A presentation used to train medical professionals to perform BLS in emergency condition. it will provide a better understanding about the steps of BLS and the order in which it should be perfomed.
In this presentation i have tried to explain in brief about CPR, how and when it has to be done and the important things to be kept in mind while doing it. This ppt is very helpful for every individual who is looking for the info regarding CPR.
CPR – or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest.
you can save the life of a person or lives of people if you know how to do CPR . You don't have to do any extra study or degree . You have to just gain a thorough knowledge about CPR and prepare yourself to help others anytime anywhere .
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
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Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
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The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
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Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
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Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
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Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
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Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
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Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
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2. CPR - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
• Before commencing CPR, follow the DRABC steps of the emergency action plan.
• If the casualty is breathing normally, carry out a secondary survey and place them
in the recovery position.
• If the casualty is not breathing normally, ask someone to dial 999 for ambulance
and bring an AED if possible.
• If you are on your own, do this yourself; you may need to leave the casualty. Them
perform resuscitation.
3. CPR - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Start with chest compressions:
• Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the casualty’s chest, then
place the heel of your other hand on top and interlock your fingers
• Position yourself above the casualty’s chest with your arms straight.
• Press down on the breastbone 5 to 6cm then release the pressure
without losing contact between your hands and chest.
• Ensure that pressure is not applied over the casualty’s ribs.
• Use your upper body weight, not just your hands to apply the
pressure.
• Don’t apply pressure over the upper abdomen or the bottom end of
the breastbone.
• Do 30 chest compressions at a rate of 100 – 120 per minute.
• The combine chest compression with rescue breaths.
4. CPR - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Rescue Breaths:
• Open the airway again, using head tilt and chin lift.
• Nip the casualty’s nose closed. Allow the mouth to open, but keep the chin lifted.
• Take a normal breath and seal your lips around the casualty’s mouth.
• Blow steadily into the casualty’s mouth, watching for chest to rise. Take about one
second to make the chest rise.
• Keeping the airway open, remove your mouth. Take a breath of fresh air and
watch for the casualty’s chest to fall as the air comes out.
• Re-seal your mouth to the casualty’s and give another rescue breath.
• Return your hands without delay to the correct position on the breastbone and
give another 30 chest compressions.
• Then given 2 more rescue breaths. Deliver the 2 rescue breaths in 5 seconds.
• Continue repeating cycles of 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths.
• Only stop to recheck the casualty if they start breathing normally. Otherwise don't
interrupt resuscitation.
5. CPR - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Rescue Breaths:
• If your rescue breaths don’t make the chest rise effectively, give
another 30 chest compressions. Then, before your next attempt:
• Check the casualty’s mouth and remove any visible obstruction.
• Recheck that the head is tilted for enough back and the chin is lifted.
• Do not attempt more than two breaths each time, before returning to
chest compressions.
• Continue resuscitation until: medical help arrives, the casualty starts
breathing normally, you become exhausted
6. CPR - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Chest compression only resuscitation
• If you are untrained or unwilling, perform chest compression only, this will
circulate any residual oxygen in the blood stream, it is better than no
resuscitation at all.
• If chest compressions only are given, these should be continuous at the rate of
100-120 per minute.
• Stop to check the casualty only if they show signs of regaining consciousness
and breathing normally.
• If there is more than one rescuer; change over every two minutes to prevent
fatigue. Ensure the minimum of delay as you change over.
7. CPR - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Vomiting
• It is common for a casualty who has stopped breathing to vomit while they are
collapsed.
• If the casualty has vomited, turn them onto their side, tip the head back and allow the
vomit to run out.
• Clean the casualty’s face then continue resuscitation, using a protective face barrier if
possible.
Hygiene during resuscitation
• Wipe the lips clean.
• If possible, use a protective barrier such as a “resusci-aid”
• As a last resort, some plastic with a hole in it may help prevent direct contact.
• If you are still in doubt of performing rescue breaths, give “chest compression only”
resuscitation.
• Wear protective gloves if available and wash your hands afterwards.
8. Resuscitation for children and babies
Often Rescuers are reluctant to perform CPR on children or babies because they
are afraid they may harm them. It is important to understand that it is better to
perform adult style resuscitation on a child than to do nothing at all.
If the child is not breathing normally:
• Get someone to call for an ambulance and bring a defibrillator if available, if you are
alone and have to leave the child to make the call, carry out the resuscitation for
approx. 1 minute before leaving the child.
• Keep the airway open by tilting the head and lifting the chin
• Nip the nose and seal your mouth around the child’s mouth
• Give 5 initial rescue breaths
9. Resuscitation for children and babies
Combine rescue breaths with chest compressions:
• Use 1 or 2 hands as required and depress the chest at least a third of its depth
• For a baby use 2 fingers to depress the chest at least a third of its depth
• Give 30 chest compressions at a rate of 100 – 120 per minute
• Open the airway again by tilting the head and lifting the chin, give 2 more rescue breaths
• Continue repeating cycle of 30 compressions o 2 breaths
Only stop if the child regains consciousness and start breathing normally – otherwise continue until help arrives.
10. Resuscitation for children and babies
If your rescue breaths don’t make the chest rise effectively:
• Give another 30 chest compression, then before you start again:
• Check inside the mouth and remove any visible obstruction, do not reach into the back of the
throat unless object is visible.
• Recheck there is enough head tilt and chin tilt
• Do not attempt more than 2 breaths each time before returning to chest compressions.
11. Recovery Position
When an unconscious person is lying on their back, their airway may
be blocked:
• The tongue may be touching the back of the throat
• Vomit might block the airway
Placing the casualty in the recovery position ensures that the tongue
will not fall to the back of the throat, and any vomit will run out of the
mouth.
12. Recovery Position
• Straighten the casualty’s body
• Check from head to toe for any sharp objects
that they may roll onto: pens earrings, glass,
keys, watches
• Kneel next to the casualty
• Lift the arm nearest to you and put it out at a
right angle to their body, with the elbow bent
and the palm facing upwards.
13. Recovery Position
• Lean over the casualty, take hold of their
other hand and bring it up to their cheek and
then hold the back of their hand against their
cheek.
• Use your other hand to take their hand
against their cheek
14. Recovery Position
• Use your other hand to take their far leg,
just above the knee, and pull it up, keeping
their foot on the ground.
• Keeping their hands against their cheek,
pull the far leg towards you from the knee
and roll them towards you, onto their side
• Ensure that the upper leg is bent at right
angles at both the hip and the knee
• Tilt the head back to ensure that the
airway remains open.
15. Recovery Position
• If an ambulance has not already been called, call for it now
• Continue to check breathing regularly, If it stops, return the casualty to
their back and perform CPR