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CPR
- 2. Basic Life Support cardio pulmonary resuscitation is a technique of basic life support for oxygenating the brain and heart until appropriate, definitive medical treatment can restore normal heart and ventilation action.
- 3. Basic Life Support To maintain an open and clear airway To maintain breathing by external ventilation To maintain blood circulation by external cardiac massage. To save life of the patient To provide basic life support till medical and advanced life support arrives.
- 4. Basic Life Support CARDIAC ARREST VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA ASYSTOLE PULSELESS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY RESPIRATORY ARREST ETC
- 5. Basic Life Support To restore effective circulation and ventilation. To prevent irreversible cerebral damage due to anoxia. When heart fails to maintain the cerebral circulation for approximately four minutes the brain may suffer irreversible damage.
- 6. Basic Life Support ◦ How to assess the collapsed victim ◦ How to perform chest compression and rescue breathing ◦ How to place an unconscious breathing victim in the recovery position.
- 7. Basic Life Support Approximately 700,000 cardiac arrests per year in Europe Survival to hospital discharge presently approximately 5-10% Bystander CPR vital intervention before arrival of emergency services – double or triple survival from SCA (sudden cardiac arrest) Early resuscitation and prompt defibrillation (within 1-2 minutes) can result in >60% survival
- 14. Basic Life Support Sequences of procedures performed to restore the circulation of oxygenated blood after a sudden pulmonary and/or cardiac arrest Chest compressions and pulmonary ventilation performed by anyone who knows how to do it, anywhere, immediately, without any other equipment
- 15. Basic Life Support Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call 108 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths
- 16. Basic Life Support Scene Rescuer Victim Bystanders Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call 108 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths
- 17. Basic Life Support Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call 108 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths
- 18. Basic Life Support Shake shoulders gently Ask “Are you all right?” . Locate the trachea with 2 or 3 fingers of the other hand Slide these fingers where you can feel the carotid pulse Palpate for at least 5 seconds and no more than 10 seconds
- 19. Basic Life Support Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call 108 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths
- 20. Basic Life Support Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call 108 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths
- 22. Basic Life Support Head tilt and chin lift
- 25. Basic Life Support Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call 108 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths
- 26. Basic Life Support Look, listen and feel for NORMAL breathing Do not confuse agonal breathing with NORMAL breathing
- 27. Basic Life Support Occurs shortly after the heart stops in up to 40% of cardiac arrests Described as barely, heavy, noisy or gasping breathing
- 28. Basic Life Support Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call 108 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths
- 29. Basic Life Support Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call 108 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths
- 30. Basic Life Support • Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest • Place other hand on top • Interlock fingers • Compress the chest – Rate 100/min – Depth 4-5 cm – Equal compression : Relaxation • When possible change CPR operator every 2 min
- 32. Basic Life Support Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call 108 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths
- 33. Basic Life Support Pinch the nose Take a normal breath Place lips over mouth Blow until the chest rises Take about 1 second Allow chest to fall Repeat
- 34. Basic Life Support ◦ Can’t open mouth ◦Can’t make a good seal ◦ Severely injured mouth ◦Stomach distension Mouth to stoma (tracheotomy)
- 35. Basic Life Support RECOMMENDATIONS: - Tidal volume 500 – 600 ml - Respiratory rate give each breaths over about 1s with enough volume to make the victim’s chest rise - Chest-compression-only continuously at a rate of 100 min
- 37. Basic Life Support Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call 108 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths
- 38. Basic Life Support Call 108 Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Attach AED Follow voice prompts
- 42. Basic Life Support Some AEDs will automatically switch themselves on when the lid is opened
- 45. Basic Life Support Stand clear Deliver shock
- 50. Basic Life Support Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call Emergency System 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call Emergency System Attach AED Follow voice prompts
- 51. Basic Life Support ◦ Qualified help arrives and takes over ◦ The victim starts breathing normally ◦ Rescuer becomes exhausted
- 55. Basic Life Support Victim revives Trained help arrives Too exhausted to continue Unsafe scene Physician directed (do not resuscitate orders) Cardiac arrest of longer than 30 minutes ◦ (controversial)
- 56. Basic Life Support Delay in starting Improper procedures (ex. Forget to pinch nose) No ACLS follow-up and delay in defibrillation ◦ Only 15% who receive CPR live to go home ◦ Improper techniques Terminal disease or unmanageable disease (massive heart attack)
- 57. Basic Life Support Rib fractures Laceration related to the tip of the sternum ◦Liver, lung, spleen
- 58. Basic Life Support Vomiting Aspiration Place victim on left side Wipe vomit from mouth with fingers wrapped in a cloth Reposition and resume CPR
- 61. Basic Life Support Chest Compressions are the cornerstone of resuscitation Rate Depth Recoil Minimizing Interruptions Feedback is probably helpful In some cases chest compressions aid defibrillation Mechanical chest compressors have not been demonstrated to be helpful