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Caveats and Comments
1
Overview:
This is my analysis, not Stanford’s. My goal is to understand the trajectory of COVID. It is not confidential and can be freely shared. The R program code is
available at https://github.com/StevenLShafer/COVID19/. The daily analysis are available at https://1drv.ms/u/s!AuOyHP_aTIy7rowrt2AjGpWm_frnEQ?e=KBcNbh.
You are welcome to use the R code on GitHub for any purpose.
I am attempting to keep the analysis and commentary apolitical. I am now including partisan lean as a metric to help understand the epidemic. I occasionally point
out misrepresentations by government officials. I occasionally point out where government recommendations have placed Americans at increasing risk.
I try to provide a daily update in the morning, except Sundays. My analysis my be delayed by my clinical responsibilities as a Stanford anesthesiologist.
There is a lot of information on the figures. If something isn’t clear, please see the explanation on slide 2.
Data sources:
• USA Case Data: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/raw/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_US.csv
• USA Death Data: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/raw/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_US.csv
• USA Testing and Hospitalization Data: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/COVID19Tracking/covid-tracking-data/master/data/states_daily_4pm_et.csv
• Global Case Data: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/raw/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv
• Global Death Data: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/raw/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_global.csv
• Global Testing Data: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/covid-19-data/master/public/data/owid-covid-data.csv
• Mobility Data: https://www.gstatic.com/covid19/mobility/Global_Mobility_Report.csv
• Partisan Lean: MIT Election Data and Science Lab: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ/HEIJCQ
• Ensemble Model: https://github.com/reichlab/covid19-forecast-hub/raw/master/data-processed/COVIDhub-ensemble/2020-xx-xx-COVIDhub-ensemble.csv
Models:
1. Future projections of case numbers are based on the Gompertz function (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gompertz_function): log 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 =
𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 − 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 1 − 𝑒−𝑘 𝑡 . This is a naïve asymptotic model. k is the rate constant, such that log(2) / k = time to 50%
rise. t is the number of days. Wikipedia The Gompertz function is estimated from the last 3 weeks of data for cumulative cases (red dots in the figures).
Deaths are predicted from a log linear regression of deaths over the past 21 days. For the US, and individual states, I am also including the 98% prediction
interval from the COVID-19 Forecast Hub (https://covid19forecasthub.org/).
2. The rate of change in daily cases and deaths is the slope of delta cases / day over the last 14 days, divided by the average number of cases.
Locations
The locations for the modeling are where Pamela and I have family and friends, locations of interest to friends and colleagues, or countries in the news (e.g.,
China, South Korea, Sweden, Brazil) or with significant economic impact on the United States (e.g., Japan, Canada, Mexico). Locations are easy to add.
Stay safe, well, resilient, and kind.
Steve Shafer
steven.shafer@Stanford.edu
2,586,092
152,804
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
100,000,000
Actual(points)/Predicted(line)
Phase
Pre-Model
Modeled
Deaths
Tests
USA projection as of 2020-05-27
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
Cases/Day
Deaths/Day
Cases: 1,662,302 (32,123) -- Deaths: 98,220 (829) -- Case Mortality: 5.9% -- Daily Change in Cases: -0.5%
Explanation of the Figures
2
Brown dots:
cumulative tests
Red dots: cumulative cases
used to estimate Gompertz
function, presently set to last
3 weeks
Red line: predicted cumulative
cases based on the Gompertz
function estimated from the red
dots
Red number: total cases
on June 30th, based on
the Gompertz function
estimated from the red
dots
Black number: total
Deaths on July 31th,
based on log-linear
regression of the past
21 days
Black line: predicted
cumulative deaths, based
on a log linear regression
of deaths over past 21
days.
Axis for deaths / day, usually
1/10th of the axis for cases /
day on the left side of the
figure.
Green line: linear regression
over 8 days, used to calculate
percent increase / decrease
(see below)
Daily change in cases,
calculated as the slope of the
green line (above left) /
number of new cases
yesterday.
Case mortality:
cumulative deaths
/ cumulative cases.
Cases / day calculated
from cumulative cases
used to estimate the
Gompertz function
Cases / day calculated
from cumulative cases
not used to estimate the
Gompertz function
Deaths / day,
axis is on the left
Blue line: today
Blue dots: cumulative cases not
used to estimate Gompertz
function
Cumulative cases
(yesterday’s cases)
and cumulative deaths
(yesterday’s deaths)
Axis for cases / day.
Axis for deaths / day
appears to the right.
Geographic
location
Date of analysis,
also shown as
blue vertical line
below
Purple wedge: 98% ensemble
prediction interval from COVID-19
Forecast Hub (USA and US
States only)
Worldwide
41,895,682
1,250,499
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
100,000,000
Cumulative
Phase
Pre-Model
Modeled
Deaths
Worldwide projection as of 2020-09-20
10
1,000
100,000
CasesandDeaths/Day
Cases: 30,776,875 (278,072) -- Deaths: 956,960 (5,209) -- Case Mortality: 3.1% -- Daily Change: +1.2% Cases, -0.5% Deaths
2020-09-20 Summary: 3
USA
8,118,911
238,181
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
100,000,000
Cumulative
Phase
Pre-Model
Modeled
Deaths
Tests
USA projection as of 2020-09-20
Mother'sDay
MemorialDay
July4th
July15,2020
LaborDay
10
1,000
100,000
CasesandDeaths/Day
Cases: 6,764,970 (41,037) -- Deaths: 199,259 (689) -- Case Mortality: 2.9% -- Daily Change: +1.9% Cases, +1.6% Deaths
2020-09-20 Summary: 4
Non-authoritarian Asian ensemble
132,116
2,773
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
100,000,000
Cumulative
Phase
Pre-Model
Modeled
Deaths
Tests
Japan, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam (Population = 328 MM)
Non-authoritarian Asian ensemble projection as of 2020-09-20
1.0
10.0
100.0
1,000.0
CasesandDeaths/Day
Cases: 106,211 (692) -- Deaths: 1,981 (10) -- Case Mortality: 1.9% -- Daily Change: -0.4% Cases, -0.8% Deaths
2020-09-20 Summary: 5
Western Europe
3,343,274
163,046
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
100,000,000
Cumulative
Phase
Pre-Model
Modeled
Deaths
Tests
Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and the UK (Population = 344MM)
Western Europe projection as of 2020-09-20
10
1,000
100,000
CasesandDeaths/Day
Cases: 2,247,290 (10,916) -- Deaths: 157,289 (64) -- Case Mortality: 7.0% -- Daily Change: +1.5% Cases, +6.3% Deaths
2020-09-20 Summary: 6
Comparison of COVID-19 Cases & Deaths
between US & Europe
Cases
Deaths
45,565
23,500
845
181
3
10
30
100
300
1,000
3,000
10,000
30,000
100,000
Date
DailyCasesandDeaths
Location
USA (318MM)
Western Europe (344MM)
Log plot of 7 day average
Comparison of COVID-19 Cases & Deaths between US & Europe
The numbers on the right are yesterday's figures, and will differ a bit from the plotted rolling mean
2020-09-20 Summary: 7
Worldwide cases
USA
India
Brazil
Russia
Colombia
Peru
Mexico
SouthAfrica
Spain
Argentina
France
Chile
Iran
UnitedKingdom
Bangladesh
SaudiArabia
Iraq
Pakistan
Turkey
Italy
Philippines
Germany
Indonesia
Israel
Ukraine
Canada
Bolivia
Ecuador
Romania
DominicanRepublic
Kazakhstan
Egypt
Belgium
Morocco
Netherlands
China
Sweden
Guatemala
Japan
Poland
Belarus
Honduras
Ethiopia
Portugal
Venezuela
Nepal
Nigeria
Uzbekistan
Algeria
Switzerland
CzechRepublic
Ghana
Kyrgyzstan
Azerbaijan
Afghanistan
Austria
Kenya
Paraguay
Serbia
ElSalvador
Libya
Australia
SouthKorea
Denmark
Cameroon
USA
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66
Rank
Totalcasestodate
Worldwide cases
Excludes countries with population < 5,000,000
2020-09-20 Summary: 8
Worldwide cases
Chile
Peru
Israel
Brazil
USA
Colombia
Spain
Argentina
SouthAfrica
Bolivia
SaudiArabia
DominicanRepublic
Iraq
Sweden
Belgium
Honduras
Ecuador
Kyrgyzstan
Belarus
Russia
France
Kazakhstan
UnitedKingdom
Switzerland
Guatemala
Portugal
Iran
Mexico
Netherlands
Italy
Romania
Azerbaijan
CzechRepublic
Paraguay
India
Austria
Serbia
Canada
Libya
Denmark
Turkey
Ukraine
ElSalvador
Germany
Philippines
Morocco
Bulgaria
Venezuela
Bangladesh
Nepal
Poland
Ghana
Uzbekistan
Pakistan
Hungary
Finland
Algeria
Greece
Afghanistan
Tajikistan
Australia
Egypt
Slovakia
Zambia
Cameroon
USA
None
1 in 200
1 in 100
1 in 67
1 in 50
1 in 40
1 in 33
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66
Rank
Totalcasestodate
Worldwide cases
Excludes countries with population < 5,000,000
2020-09-20 Summary: 9
Average new cases over past 7 days
Israel
Argentina
Spain
Peru
CzechRepublic
Brazil
Colombia
Iraq
France
USA
Paraguay
Belgium
Chile
Libya
Netherlands
Ecuador
Austria
Honduras
India
Hungary
Denmark
DominicanRepublic
Bolivia
Ukraine
Morocco
Portugal
UnitedKingdom
Romania
Switzerland
Nepal
Mexico
Iran
Russia
Guatemala
Philippines
Tunisia
Venezuela
SouthAfrica
Jordan
Slovakia
Greece
Canada
Italy
Sweden
Uzbekistan
Belarus
Turkey
SaudiArabia
Germany
Bulgaria
Poland
Indonesia
Azerbaijan
Kyrgyzstan
ElSalvador
Serbia
Bangladesh
Finland
Mozambique
Zambia
Myanmar
Ethiopia
Algeria
Uganda
Angola
USA
None
1 in 10,000
1 in 5,000
1 in 3,333
1 in 2,500
1 in 2,000
1 in 1,667
1 in 1,429
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66
Rank
Averagecases/day
Average new cases over past 7 days
Excludes countries with population < 5,000,000
2020-09-20 Summary: 10
Worldwide deaths
USA
Brazil
India
Mexico
UnitedKingdom
Italy
Peru
France
Spain
Iran
Colombia
Russia
SouthAfrica
Argentina
Chile
Ecuador
Belgium
Indonesia
Germany
Canada
Iraq
Bolivia
Turkey
Pakistan
Netherlands
Sweden
Egypt
Philippines
Bangladesh
China
SaudiArabia
Romania
Ukraine
Guatemala
Poland
Honduras
Switzerland
DominicanRepublic
Portugal
Morocco
Kazakhstan
Algeria
Japan
Afghanistan
Israel
Nigeria
Ethiopia
Kyrgyzstan
Australia
Sudan
ElSalvador
Belarus
Austria
Bulgaria
Serbia
Hungary
Kenya
Paraguay
Denmark
Yemen
Azerbaijan
Venezuela
CzechRepublic
Libya
Uzbekistan
USA
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66
Rank
Totaldeathstodate
Worldwide deaths
Excludes countries with population < 5,000,000
2020-09-20 Summary: 11
Worldwide deaths
Peru
Belgium
Bolivia
Ecuador
Spain
Chile
UnitedKingdom
Brazil
Mexico
Sweden
USA
Italy
Colombia
France
Netherlands
Iran
SouthAfrica
Argentina
Honduras
Canada
Iraq
Switzerland
Guatemala
DominicanRepublic
Romania
Kyrgyzstan
Portugal
Israel
SaudiArabia
Russia
Germany
Denmark
ElSalvador
Kazakhstan
Bulgaria
Serbia
Turkey
Austria
Paraguay
Belarus
Ukraine
India
Azerbaijan
Egypt
Libya
Hungary
Finland
Poland
Morocco
Afghanistan
Philippines
CzechRepublic
Algeria
Australia
Indonesia
Pakistan
Sudan
Bangladesh
Greece
Zambia
Nicaragua
Yemen
Haiti
Cameroon
Senegal
USA
None
1 in 5,000
1 in 2,500
1 in 1,667
1 in 1,250
1 in 1,000
1 in 833
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66
Rank
Totaldeathstodate
Worldwide deaths
Excludes countries with population < 5,000,000
2020-09-20 Summary: 12
Average daily deaths over past 7 days
Argentina
Bolivia
Colombia
Peru
Brazil
Mexico
Chile
Paraguay
USA
Iraq
Israel
Spain
Iran
Ecuador
Honduras
Romania
Libya
Guatemala
SouthAfrica
DominicanRepublic
Ukraine
SaudiArabia
Philippines
India
Morocco
Russia
Turkey
Bulgaria
France
CzechRepublic
Hungary
ElSalvador
Portugal
Belarus
Indonesia
Tunisia
Switzerland
Poland
Greece
Nepal
Venezuela
Kazakhstan
UnitedKingdom
Belgium
Australia
Sweden
Azerbaijan
Zambia
Algeria
Austria
Uzbekistan
Netherlands
Egypt
Italy
Bangladesh
Canada
Jordan
Myanmar
Serbia
Angola
Ethiopia
Denmark
Syria
Kenya
Togo
USA
None
1 in 1,000,000
1 in 500,000
1 in 333,333
1 in 250,000
1 in 200,000
1 in 166,667
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66
Rank
Averagedeaths/day
Average daily deaths over past 7 days
Excludes countries with population < 5,000,000
2020-09-20 Summary: 13
CV for Cases and Deaths
ITA GBRKGZ
SWETHA BELDEU
NLDFINCAN
CMR DNKCHE FRA
SDN BEN MLIPAK BFA
AFG
MYS
AUTSLE PRTSOM ESPMWISRBYEMCODSSD CIV TCD
EGY HUNNICNGA TJKAZELKASEN USAGHA CHL PERHTI DZA POLIRNKAZ RUSGINKEN GTMBRAZMB CZEMEXBLRSAU SLVZAF TURMDG SVKKORBGD CUBJPNHND IRQDOMVNM ROU GRCBGR COL IDNZWE ISRINDAGOPNGUZB UKRETHVENPHLAUS TGO ARGRWABOL SYR MAR TUNMOZECU LBYJORNPL PRYUGA
MMR
0.001
0.010
0.100
1.000
0.010.01 0.10 1.00
Cases CV
DeathsCV
Coefficient of variation for cases and deaths as of 2020-09-20
CV calculated over last 28 days
2020-09-20 Summary: 14
Mortality Trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
USCaseRateMortality
Mortality Type:
13 day rolling median
Cumulative
Daily Raw
Daily vs. Cumulative US Case Rate Mortality
Last week excluded because deaths are often backdated
2020-09-20 Summary: 15
Change in New Cases per Day
New cases are:
Increasing > +3%
Increasing between +1% and +3%
No Change (-1% to +1%)
Decreasing between -1% and -3%
Decreasing > -3%
New cases by state as of 2020-09-20
2020-09-20 Summary: 16
Cases as a Percent of Peak Cases
HI TX FL
OK LA MS AL GA
AZ NM KS AR TN NC SC DC
CA UT CO NE MO KY WV VA MD DE
OR NV WY SD IA IN OH PA NJ CT RI
WA ID MT ND MN IL MI NY MA
WI VT NH
AK ME
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
PercentofPeak
Daily Cases as a Percent of Peak Cases
2020-09-20 Summary: 17
Change in New Deaths per Day
New deaths are:
Increasing > +0.5%
Increasing between +0.1% and +0.5%
No Change (-0.1% to +0.1%)
Decreasing between -0.1% and -0.5%
Decreasing > -0.5%
New deaths by state as of 2020-09-20
2020-09-20 Summary: 18
Deaths as a Percent of Peak Deaths
HI TX FL
OK LA MS AL GA
AZ NM KS AR TN NC SC DC
CA UT CO NE MO KY WV VA MD DE
OR NV WY SD IA IN OH PA NJ CT RI
WA ID MT ND MN IL MI NY MA
WI VT NH
AK ME
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
PercentofPeak
Daily Deaths as a Percent of Peak Deaths
2020-09-20 Summary: 19
Change in cases vs. change in deaths over
last 14 days
AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CTDE
DC
GA
HI
ID
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA
SD
UT
VA WV
WI
WY
-6
-3
0
3
6
-6 -3 0 3 6
Change in cases (%/day)
Changeindeaths(%/day)
Change in cases vs. change in deaths over last 14 days as of 2020-09-20
Size is proportional total cases per capita
2020-09-20 Summary: 20
Total US COVID-19 Cases
California
Texas
Florida
NewYork
Georgia
Illinois
Arizona
NewJersey
NorthCarolina
Tennessee
Louisiana
Pennsylvania
Alabama
Ohio
Virginia
SouthCarolina
Massachusetts
Michigan
Maryland
Missouri
Indiana
Wisconsin
Mississippi
Minnesota
Washington
Iowa
Oklahoma
Nevada
Arkansas
Colorado
Utah
Kentucky
Connecticut
Kansas
Nebraska
Idaho
Oregon
NewMexico
RhodeIsland
Delaware
SouthDakota
NorthDakota
DistrictofColumbia
WestVirginia
Hawaii
Montana
NewHampshire
Alaska
Maine
Wyoming
Vermont
0
250,000
500,000
750,000
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
Rank
Totalcases
Masks
No
Yes
Governor
aa
Democratic
Republican
Total US COVID-19 Cases
p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.49, p governor: 0.82. NB: association != causation.
2020-09-20 Summary: 21
Total US COVID-19 Cases
Louisiana
Florida
Mississippi
Alabama
Arizona
Georgia
SouthCarolina
Tennessee
Iowa
Arkansas
Nevada
Texas
NorthDakota
NewYork
NewJersey
RhodeIsland
Illinois
DistrictofColumbia
Nebraska
SouthDakota
Idaho
Delaware
California
Maryland
Utah
Oklahoma
Massachusetts
Missouri
NorthCarolina
Kansas
Wisconsin
Indiana
Virginia
Minnesota
Connecticut
Kentucky
NewMexico
Michigan
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Colorado
Washington
Montana
Alaska
Wyoming
Hawaii
WestVirginia
Oregon
NewHampshire
Maine
Vermont
None
1 in 100
1 in 50
1 in 33
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
Rank
TotalCases
Masks
No
Yes
Governor
aa
Democratic
Republican
Total US COVID-19 Cases
p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.27, p governor: 0.033. NB: association != causation.
2020-09-20 Summary: 22
Average US COVID-19 cases over the past
7 days
NorthDakota
SouthDakota
Arkansas
Oklahoma
Missouri
Iowa
Utah
Wisconsin
Tennessee
SouthCarolina
Nebraska
Alabama
Kansas
Georgia
Mississippi
Montana
Idaho
Kentucky
Illinois
Texas
Indiana
Minnesota
Florida
WestVirginia
NorthCarolina
Virginia
Delaware
Wyoming
Louisiana
Alaska
Nevada
Maryland
Arizona
California
Ohio
RhodeIsland
Colorado
Hawaii
Michigan
DistrictofColumbia
Pennsylvania
NewMexico
Washington
NewJersey
Oregon
Connecticut
NewYork
NewHampshire
Maine
Vermont
Massachusetts
None
1 in 10,000
1 in 5,000
1 in 3,333
1 in 2,500
1 in 2,000
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
Rank
NewCases/Day
Masks
No
Yes
Governor
aa
Democratic
Republican
Average US COVID-19 cases over the past 7 days
p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.00037, p governor: 8e-04. NB: association != causation.
2020-09-20 Summary: 23
Total US COVID-19 Deaths
NewYork
NewJersey
Texas
California
Florida
Massachusetts
Illinois
Pennsylvania
Michigan
Georgia
Arizona
Louisiana
Ohio
Connecticut
Maryland
Indiana
NorthCarolina
SouthCarolina
Virginia
Mississippi
Alabama
Tennessee
Washington
Minnesota
Colorado
Missouri
Nevada
Iowa
Wisconsin
Arkansas
Kentucky
RhodeIsland
Oklahoma
NewMexico
Delaware
DistrictofColumbia
Kansas
Oregon
Nebraska
Idaho
Utah
NewHampshire
WestVirginia
SouthDakota
NorthDakota
Montana
Maine
Hawaii
Vermont
Wyoming
Alaska
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
Rank
TotalDeaths
Masks
No
Yes
Governor
aa
Democratic
Republican
Total US COVID-19 Deaths
p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.066, p governor: 0.28. NB: association != causation.
2020-09-20 Summary: 24
Total US COVID-19 Deaths
NewJersey
NewYork
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Louisiana
RhodeIsland
Mississippi
DistrictofColumbia
Arizona
Michigan
Illinois
Maryland
Delaware
Georgia
Pennsylvania
SouthCarolina
Florida
Indiana
Texas
Alabama
Nevada
NewMexico
Iowa
Ohio
Arkansas
California
Minnesota
Virginia
Colorado
Tennessee
NewHampshire
NorthCarolina
Missouri
Washington
NorthDakota
Kentucky
Idaho
Oklahoma
Nebraska
SouthDakota
Wisconsin
Kansas
WestVirginia
Montana
Utah
Oregon
Maine
Vermont
Wyoming
Hawaii
Alaska
None
1 in 2,000
1 in 1,000
1 in 667
1 in 500
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
Rank
TotalDeaths
Masks
No
Yes
Governor
aa
Democratic
Republican
Total US COVID-19 Deaths
p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.029, p governor: 0.33. NB: association != causation.
2020-09-20 Summary: 25
Average US COVID-19 deaths over the past
7 days
Arkansas
Mississippi
NorthDakota
Florida
Georgia
Virginia
SouthCarolina
Louisiana
Nevada
Texas
Tennessee
Kansas
WestVirginia
SouthDakota
Montana
Arizona
Alabama
NorthCarolina
California
Ohio
Missouri
Hawaii
Massachusetts
RhodeIsland
Iowa
Kentucky
Oklahoma
NewMexico
Wyoming
Illinois
Indiana
Idaho
Minnesota
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Maryland
Wisconsin
Michigan
Washington
Oregon
Colorado
NewJersey
DistrictofColumbia
Maine
NewYork
Connecticut
NewHampshire
Utah
Alaska
Nebraska
Vermont
None
1 in 500,000
1 in 250,000
1 in 166,667
1 in 125,000
1 in 100,000
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
Rank
Deaths/Day
Masks
No
Yes
Governor
aa
Democratic
Republican
Average US COVID-19 deaths over the past 7 days
p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.57, p governor: 0.15. NB: association != causation.
2020-09-20 Summary: 26
Daily testing trends
HI TX FL
OK LA MS AL GA
AZ NM KS AR TN NC SC DC
CA UT CO NE MO KY WV VA MD DE
OR NV WY SD IA IN OH PA NJ CT RI
WA ID MT ND MN IL MI NY MA
WI VT NH
AK ME
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
Dailytestingfrommintomax
Daily testing trends from min to max
Line = Friedman's supersmoother
2020-09-20 Summary: 27
Change in daily tests over past 14 days
Wisconsin
Utah
WestVirginia
Oklahoma
Arizona
Minnesota
Ohio
Georgia
NewMexico
Massachusetts
Maine
Florida
SouthDakota
NorthCarolina
Pennsylvania
Hawaii
Idaho
Missouri
Montana
Kentucky
Illinois
Michigan
Wyoming
SouthCarolina
Connecticut
Texas
Indiana
Washington
Arkansas
NewYork
Virginia
Tennessee
NorthDakota
Kansas
Mississippi
Maryland
Nebraska
DistrictofColumbia
Iowa
Colorado
NewHampshire
NewJersey
Nevada
California
Oregon
Alaska
Louisiana
Delaware
Alabama
RhodeIsland
Vermont
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
Rank
Changeindailytests(%/day)
Masks
No
Yes
Governor
aa
Democratic
Republican
Change in daily tests over past 14 days
p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.24, p governor: 0.58. NB: association != causation.
2020-09-20 Summary: 28
Percent Tested
Alaska
NewYork
DistrictofColumbia
Louisiana
NewMexico
Illinois
Connecticut
Tennessee
NewJersey
California
Michigan
Massachusetts
RhodeIsland
NorthDakota
Arkansas
WestVirginia
Montana
Delaware
Maine
Oklahoma
NorthCarolina
Georgia
Maryland
Vermont
Wisconsin
Ohio
Mississippi
Florida
Kentucky
Utah
Minnesota
Iowa
Washington
Virginia
SouthCarolina
Nebraska
Alabama
Nevada
SouthDakota
Hawaii
Missouri
Indiana
Texas
Arizona
NewHampshire
Kansas
Idaho
Wyoming
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Colorado
0
20
40
60
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
Rank
PercentTested
Masks
No
Yes
Governor
aa
Democratic
Republican
Percent Tested
p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.04, p governor: 0.14. NB: association != causation.
2020-09-20 Summary: 29
Percent of Positive COVID Tests
Arizona
Alabama
Florida
Mississippi
Idaho
Texas
SouthCarolina
Nevada
Georgia
Kansas
Iowa
SouthDakota
Nebraska
Missouri
Indiana
Arkansas
Utah
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Colorado
NorthDakota
Louisiana
RhodeIsland
Virginia
Wisconsin
Delaware
Oklahoma
NorthCarolina
Tennessee
Minnesota
Massachusetts
NewJersey
California
Kentucky
Illinois
Wyoming
Ohio
Oregon
Washington
NewYork
DistrictofColumbia
Hawaii
Connecticut
Michigan
Montana
NewHampshire
NewMexico
WestVirginia
Alaska
Maine
Vermont
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
Rank
PercentofPositiveTests
Masks
No
Yes
Governor
aa
Democratic
Republican
Percent of Positive COVID Tests
p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.013, p governor: 0.0025. NB: association != causation.
2020-09-20 Summary: 30
Positive fraction trends
HI TX FL
OK LA MS AL GA
AZ NM KS AR TN NC SC DC
CA UT CO NE MO KY WV VA MD DE
OR NV WY SD IA IN OH PA NJ CT RI
WA ID MT ND MN IL MI NY MA
WI VT NH
AK ME
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
Fractionpositivefrommintomax
Positive fraction trends from min to max
2020-09-20 Summary: 31
Change in positive tests over past 14 days
NorthDakota
Wisconsin
WestVirginia
SouthDakota
Montana
Alaska
Texas
Utah
Missouri
Kansas
Iowa
Oklahoma
Idaho
Minnesota
Wyoming
Alabama
Nebraska
Oregon
Delaware
Florida
Arkansas
SouthCarolina
Virginia
Pennsylvania
Nevada
Colorado
NewHampshire
Maryland
Tennessee
Georgia
Vermont
NewMexico
Mississippi
Indiana
Michigan
Washington
RhodeIsland
Hawaii
California
Illinois
NorthCarolina
Louisiana
Arizona
Ohio
NewJersey
Massachusetts
DistrictofColumbia
Kentucky
NewYork
Connecticut
Maine
-1.0
0.0
1.0
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
Rank
Changeinpositivetests(%/day)
Masks
No
Yes
Governor
aa
Democratic
Republican
Change in positive tests over past 14 days
p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.0036, p governor: 0.0016. NB: association != causation.
2020-09-20 Summary: 32
Change in tests vs. change in positive tests
over last 14 days
AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
DC
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IAKS
KY
LA
ME
MA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NJ
NY
ND
OK
OR
PA
RI
SD
UT
VT
WV
WI
WY
-1
0
1
-5.0 -2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0
Change in tests (%/day)
Changeinpositivetests(%/day)
Change in tests vs. change in positive tests over last 14 days as of 2020-09-20
Size is proportional daily deaths per capita over the past 7 days
2020-09-20 Summary: 33
Current hospitalizations as a percent of peak
since FebruaryMissouri
NorthDakota
SouthDakota
WestVirginia
Nebraska
Wyoming
Alaska
Oklahoma
Kentucky
NorthCarolina
Kansas
Hawaii
Arkansas
Utah
Montana
Iowa
Idaho
Virginia
Georgia
Tennessee
Wisconsin
Ohio
Indiana
Oregon
SouthCarolina
Mississippi
Alabama
Washington
Minnesota
California
Nevada
Louisiana
Illinois
NewMexico
Texas
RhodeIsland
Florida
Maine
Colorado
DistrictofColumbia
Delaware
Maryland
Pennsylvania
Michigan
Arizona
Vermont
Massachusetts
NewHampshire
NewJersey
Connecticut
NewYork
0
30
60
90
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
Rank
Hospitalizations(%ofpeak)
Masks
No
Yes
Governor
aa
Democratic
Republican
Current hospitalizations as a percent of peak since February
p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.0038, p governor: 0.032. NB: association != causation.
2020-09-20 Summary: 34
Hospitalizations trends
HI TX FL
OK LA MS AL GA
AZ NM KS AR TN NC SC DC
CA UT CO NE MO KY WV VA MD DE
OR NV WY SD IA IN OH PA NJ CT RI
WA ID MT ND MN IL MI NY MA
WI VT NH
AK ME
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
Hospitalizationsfrommintomax
Hospitalizations trends from min to max
2020-09-20 Summary: 35
Change in hospitalizations over past 14
days
SouthDakota
Maine
Connecticut
Wisconsin
Utah
DistrictofColumbia
NorthDakota
RhodeIsland
NewYork
WestVirginia
Wyoming
Massachusetts
Missouri
Nebraska
Oklahoma
NorthCarolina
Delaware
Oregon
Alaska
Illinois
NewJersey
NewHampshire
Vermont
Pennsylvania
Indiana
Michigan
Kansas
Kentucky
NewMexico
Idaho
Arkansas
SouthCarolina
Colorado
Virginia
Maryland
Iowa
Tennessee
Georgia
Minnesota
Ohio
Texas
Washington
Alabama
California
Louisiana
Mississippi
Hawaii
Arizona
Nevada
Montana
Florida
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
Rank
Changeinhospitalizations(%/day)
Masks
No
Yes
Governor
aa
Democratic
Republican
Change in hospitalizations over past 14 days
p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.6, p governor: 0.93. NB: association != causation.
2020-09-20 Summary: 36
CV for Cases and Deaths
IN
NCILFL
WICASC COPAKY
MD NMTXWA NV MAMN IAOKTN GALAMI
MS
WVORRI
AL AZDC HIID MTMONY UTAR
DENJOH CTKS ND NHNE SDVA MEAK
WY
0.010.01
0.10
1.00
0.010.01 0.10 1.00
Cases CV
DeathsCV
Coefficient of variation for cases and deaths as of 2020-09-20
CV calculated over last 28 days
2020-09-20 Summary: 37
Change in New Cases per Day
Direction
Increasing > +2%
Increasing between +0.5% and +2%
No Change (-0.5% to +0.5%)
Decreasing between -0.5% and -2%
Decreasing > -2%
NA
Trends by county as of 2020-09-20
NA = Inadequate data
2020-09-20 Summary: 38

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COVID-19 Update (Summary): September 20, 2020

  • 1. Caveats and Comments 1 Overview: This is my analysis, not Stanford’s. My goal is to understand the trajectory of COVID. It is not confidential and can be freely shared. The R program code is available at https://github.com/StevenLShafer/COVID19/. The daily analysis are available at https://1drv.ms/u/s!AuOyHP_aTIy7rowrt2AjGpWm_frnEQ?e=KBcNbh. You are welcome to use the R code on GitHub for any purpose. I am attempting to keep the analysis and commentary apolitical. I am now including partisan lean as a metric to help understand the epidemic. I occasionally point out misrepresentations by government officials. I occasionally point out where government recommendations have placed Americans at increasing risk. I try to provide a daily update in the morning, except Sundays. My analysis my be delayed by my clinical responsibilities as a Stanford anesthesiologist. There is a lot of information on the figures. If something isn’t clear, please see the explanation on slide 2. Data sources: • USA Case Data: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/raw/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_US.csv • USA Death Data: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/raw/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_US.csv • USA Testing and Hospitalization Data: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/COVID19Tracking/covid-tracking-data/master/data/states_daily_4pm_et.csv • Global Case Data: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/raw/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv • Global Death Data: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/raw/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_global.csv • Global Testing Data: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/covid-19-data/master/public/data/owid-covid-data.csv • Mobility Data: https://www.gstatic.com/covid19/mobility/Global_Mobility_Report.csv • Partisan Lean: MIT Election Data and Science Lab: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ/HEIJCQ • Ensemble Model: https://github.com/reichlab/covid19-forecast-hub/raw/master/data-processed/COVIDhub-ensemble/2020-xx-xx-COVIDhub-ensemble.csv Models: 1. Future projections of case numbers are based on the Gompertz function (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gompertz_function): log 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 − 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 1 − 𝑒−𝑘 𝑡 . This is a naïve asymptotic model. k is the rate constant, such that log(2) / k = time to 50% rise. t is the number of days. Wikipedia The Gompertz function is estimated from the last 3 weeks of data for cumulative cases (red dots in the figures). Deaths are predicted from a log linear regression of deaths over the past 21 days. For the US, and individual states, I am also including the 98% prediction interval from the COVID-19 Forecast Hub (https://covid19forecasthub.org/). 2. The rate of change in daily cases and deaths is the slope of delta cases / day over the last 14 days, divided by the average number of cases. Locations The locations for the modeling are where Pamela and I have family and friends, locations of interest to friends and colleagues, or countries in the news (e.g., China, South Korea, Sweden, Brazil) or with significant economic impact on the United States (e.g., Japan, Canada, Mexico). Locations are easy to add. Stay safe, well, resilient, and kind. Steve Shafer steven.shafer@Stanford.edu
  • 2. 2,586,092 152,804 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 Actual(points)/Predicted(line) Phase Pre-Model Modeled Deaths Tests USA projection as of 2020-05-27 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 Cases/Day Deaths/Day Cases: 1,662,302 (32,123) -- Deaths: 98,220 (829) -- Case Mortality: 5.9% -- Daily Change in Cases: -0.5% Explanation of the Figures 2 Brown dots: cumulative tests Red dots: cumulative cases used to estimate Gompertz function, presently set to last 3 weeks Red line: predicted cumulative cases based on the Gompertz function estimated from the red dots Red number: total cases on June 30th, based on the Gompertz function estimated from the red dots Black number: total Deaths on July 31th, based on log-linear regression of the past 21 days Black line: predicted cumulative deaths, based on a log linear regression of deaths over past 21 days. Axis for deaths / day, usually 1/10th of the axis for cases / day on the left side of the figure. Green line: linear regression over 8 days, used to calculate percent increase / decrease (see below) Daily change in cases, calculated as the slope of the green line (above left) / number of new cases yesterday. Case mortality: cumulative deaths / cumulative cases. Cases / day calculated from cumulative cases used to estimate the Gompertz function Cases / day calculated from cumulative cases not used to estimate the Gompertz function Deaths / day, axis is on the left Blue line: today Blue dots: cumulative cases not used to estimate Gompertz function Cumulative cases (yesterday’s cases) and cumulative deaths (yesterday’s deaths) Axis for cases / day. Axis for deaths / day appears to the right. Geographic location Date of analysis, also shown as blue vertical line below Purple wedge: 98% ensemble prediction interval from COVID-19 Forecast Hub (USA and US States only)
  • 3. Worldwide 41,895,682 1,250,499 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 Cumulative Phase Pre-Model Modeled Deaths Worldwide projection as of 2020-09-20 10 1,000 100,000 CasesandDeaths/Day Cases: 30,776,875 (278,072) -- Deaths: 956,960 (5,209) -- Case Mortality: 3.1% -- Daily Change: +1.2% Cases, -0.5% Deaths 2020-09-20 Summary: 3
  • 4. USA 8,118,911 238,181 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 Cumulative Phase Pre-Model Modeled Deaths Tests USA projection as of 2020-09-20 Mother'sDay MemorialDay July4th July15,2020 LaborDay 10 1,000 100,000 CasesandDeaths/Day Cases: 6,764,970 (41,037) -- Deaths: 199,259 (689) -- Case Mortality: 2.9% -- Daily Change: +1.9% Cases, +1.6% Deaths 2020-09-20 Summary: 4
  • 5. Non-authoritarian Asian ensemble 132,116 2,773 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 Cumulative Phase Pre-Model Modeled Deaths Tests Japan, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam (Population = 328 MM) Non-authoritarian Asian ensemble projection as of 2020-09-20 1.0 10.0 100.0 1,000.0 CasesandDeaths/Day Cases: 106,211 (692) -- Deaths: 1,981 (10) -- Case Mortality: 1.9% -- Daily Change: -0.4% Cases, -0.8% Deaths 2020-09-20 Summary: 5
  • 6. Western Europe 3,343,274 163,046 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 Cumulative Phase Pre-Model Modeled Deaths Tests Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and the UK (Population = 344MM) Western Europe projection as of 2020-09-20 10 1,000 100,000 CasesandDeaths/Day Cases: 2,247,290 (10,916) -- Deaths: 157,289 (64) -- Case Mortality: 7.0% -- Daily Change: +1.5% Cases, +6.3% Deaths 2020-09-20 Summary: 6
  • 7. Comparison of COVID-19 Cases & Deaths between US & Europe Cases Deaths 45,565 23,500 845 181 3 10 30 100 300 1,000 3,000 10,000 30,000 100,000 Date DailyCasesandDeaths Location USA (318MM) Western Europe (344MM) Log plot of 7 day average Comparison of COVID-19 Cases & Deaths between US & Europe The numbers on the right are yesterday's figures, and will differ a bit from the plotted rolling mean 2020-09-20 Summary: 7
  • 10. Average new cases over past 7 days Israel Argentina Spain Peru CzechRepublic Brazil Colombia Iraq France USA Paraguay Belgium Chile Libya Netherlands Ecuador Austria Honduras India Hungary Denmark DominicanRepublic Bolivia Ukraine Morocco Portugal UnitedKingdom Romania Switzerland Nepal Mexico Iran Russia Guatemala Philippines Tunisia Venezuela SouthAfrica Jordan Slovakia Greece Canada Italy Sweden Uzbekistan Belarus Turkey SaudiArabia Germany Bulgaria Poland Indonesia Azerbaijan Kyrgyzstan ElSalvador Serbia Bangladesh Finland Mozambique Zambia Myanmar Ethiopia Algeria Uganda Angola USA None 1 in 10,000 1 in 5,000 1 in 3,333 1 in 2,500 1 in 2,000 1 in 1,667 1 in 1,429 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 Rank Averagecases/day Average new cases over past 7 days Excludes countries with population < 5,000,000 2020-09-20 Summary: 10
  • 13. Average daily deaths over past 7 days Argentina Bolivia Colombia Peru Brazil Mexico Chile Paraguay USA Iraq Israel Spain Iran Ecuador Honduras Romania Libya Guatemala SouthAfrica DominicanRepublic Ukraine SaudiArabia Philippines India Morocco Russia Turkey Bulgaria France CzechRepublic Hungary ElSalvador Portugal Belarus Indonesia Tunisia Switzerland Poland Greece Nepal Venezuela Kazakhstan UnitedKingdom Belgium Australia Sweden Azerbaijan Zambia Algeria Austria Uzbekistan Netherlands Egypt Italy Bangladesh Canada Jordan Myanmar Serbia Angola Ethiopia Denmark Syria Kenya Togo USA None 1 in 1,000,000 1 in 500,000 1 in 333,333 1 in 250,000 1 in 200,000 1 in 166,667 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 Rank Averagedeaths/day Average daily deaths over past 7 days Excludes countries with population < 5,000,000 2020-09-20 Summary: 13
  • 14. CV for Cases and Deaths ITA GBRKGZ SWETHA BELDEU NLDFINCAN CMR DNKCHE FRA SDN BEN MLIPAK BFA AFG MYS AUTSLE PRTSOM ESPMWISRBYEMCODSSD CIV TCD EGY HUNNICNGA TJKAZELKASEN USAGHA CHL PERHTI DZA POLIRNKAZ RUSGINKEN GTMBRAZMB CZEMEXBLRSAU SLVZAF TURMDG SVKKORBGD CUBJPNHND IRQDOMVNM ROU GRCBGR COL IDNZWE ISRINDAGOPNGUZB UKRETHVENPHLAUS TGO ARGRWABOL SYR MAR TUNMOZECU LBYJORNPL PRYUGA MMR 0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 0.010.01 0.10 1.00 Cases CV DeathsCV Coefficient of variation for cases and deaths as of 2020-09-20 CV calculated over last 28 days 2020-09-20 Summary: 14
  • 15. Mortality Trends 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 USCaseRateMortality Mortality Type: 13 day rolling median Cumulative Daily Raw Daily vs. Cumulative US Case Rate Mortality Last week excluded because deaths are often backdated 2020-09-20 Summary: 15
  • 16. Change in New Cases per Day New cases are: Increasing > +3% Increasing between +1% and +3% No Change (-1% to +1%) Decreasing between -1% and -3% Decreasing > -3% New cases by state as of 2020-09-20 2020-09-20 Summary: 16
  • 17. Cases as a Percent of Peak Cases HI TX FL OK LA MS AL GA AZ NM KS AR TN NC SC DC CA UT CO NE MO KY WV VA MD DE OR NV WY SD IA IN OH PA NJ CT RI WA ID MT ND MN IL MI NY MA WI VT NH AK ME 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 PercentofPeak Daily Cases as a Percent of Peak Cases 2020-09-20 Summary: 17
  • 18. Change in New Deaths per Day New deaths are: Increasing > +0.5% Increasing between +0.1% and +0.5% No Change (-0.1% to +0.1%) Decreasing between -0.1% and -0.5% Decreasing > -0.5% New deaths by state as of 2020-09-20 2020-09-20 Summary: 18
  • 19. Deaths as a Percent of Peak Deaths HI TX FL OK LA MS AL GA AZ NM KS AR TN NC SC DC CA UT CO NE MO KY WV VA MD DE OR NV WY SD IA IN OH PA NJ CT RI WA ID MT ND MN IL MI NY MA WI VT NH AK ME 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 PercentofPeak Daily Deaths as a Percent of Peak Deaths 2020-09-20 Summary: 19
  • 20. Change in cases vs. change in deaths over last 14 days AL AK AZ AR CA CO CTDE DC GA HI ID IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK OR PA SD UT VA WV WI WY -6 -3 0 3 6 -6 -3 0 3 6 Change in cases (%/day) Changeindeaths(%/day) Change in cases vs. change in deaths over last 14 days as of 2020-09-20 Size is proportional total cases per capita 2020-09-20 Summary: 20
  • 21. Total US COVID-19 Cases California Texas Florida NewYork Georgia Illinois Arizona NewJersey NorthCarolina Tennessee Louisiana Pennsylvania Alabama Ohio Virginia SouthCarolina Massachusetts Michigan Maryland Missouri Indiana Wisconsin Mississippi Minnesota Washington Iowa Oklahoma Nevada Arkansas Colorado Utah Kentucky Connecticut Kansas Nebraska Idaho Oregon NewMexico RhodeIsland Delaware SouthDakota NorthDakota DistrictofColumbia WestVirginia Hawaii Montana NewHampshire Alaska Maine Wyoming Vermont 0 250,000 500,000 750,000 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 Rank Totalcases Masks No Yes Governor aa Democratic Republican Total US COVID-19 Cases p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.49, p governor: 0.82. NB: association != causation. 2020-09-20 Summary: 21
  • 22. Total US COVID-19 Cases Louisiana Florida Mississippi Alabama Arizona Georgia SouthCarolina Tennessee Iowa Arkansas Nevada Texas NorthDakota NewYork NewJersey RhodeIsland Illinois DistrictofColumbia Nebraska SouthDakota Idaho Delaware California Maryland Utah Oklahoma Massachusetts Missouri NorthCarolina Kansas Wisconsin Indiana Virginia Minnesota Connecticut Kentucky NewMexico Michigan Ohio Pennsylvania Colorado Washington Montana Alaska Wyoming Hawaii WestVirginia Oregon NewHampshire Maine Vermont None 1 in 100 1 in 50 1 in 33 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 Rank TotalCases Masks No Yes Governor aa Democratic Republican Total US COVID-19 Cases p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.27, p governor: 0.033. NB: association != causation. 2020-09-20 Summary: 22
  • 23. Average US COVID-19 cases over the past 7 days NorthDakota SouthDakota Arkansas Oklahoma Missouri Iowa Utah Wisconsin Tennessee SouthCarolina Nebraska Alabama Kansas Georgia Mississippi Montana Idaho Kentucky Illinois Texas Indiana Minnesota Florida WestVirginia NorthCarolina Virginia Delaware Wyoming Louisiana Alaska Nevada Maryland Arizona California Ohio RhodeIsland Colorado Hawaii Michigan DistrictofColumbia Pennsylvania NewMexico Washington NewJersey Oregon Connecticut NewYork NewHampshire Maine Vermont Massachusetts None 1 in 10,000 1 in 5,000 1 in 3,333 1 in 2,500 1 in 2,000 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 Rank NewCases/Day Masks No Yes Governor aa Democratic Republican Average US COVID-19 cases over the past 7 days p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.00037, p governor: 8e-04. NB: association != causation. 2020-09-20 Summary: 23
  • 24. Total US COVID-19 Deaths NewYork NewJersey Texas California Florida Massachusetts Illinois Pennsylvania Michigan Georgia Arizona Louisiana Ohio Connecticut Maryland Indiana NorthCarolina SouthCarolina Virginia Mississippi Alabama Tennessee Washington Minnesota Colorado Missouri Nevada Iowa Wisconsin Arkansas Kentucky RhodeIsland Oklahoma NewMexico Delaware DistrictofColumbia Kansas Oregon Nebraska Idaho Utah NewHampshire WestVirginia SouthDakota NorthDakota Montana Maine Hawaii Vermont Wyoming Alaska 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 Rank TotalDeaths Masks No Yes Governor aa Democratic Republican Total US COVID-19 Deaths p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.066, p governor: 0.28. NB: association != causation. 2020-09-20 Summary: 24
  • 25. Total US COVID-19 Deaths NewJersey NewYork Massachusetts Connecticut Louisiana RhodeIsland Mississippi DistrictofColumbia Arizona Michigan Illinois Maryland Delaware Georgia Pennsylvania SouthCarolina Florida Indiana Texas Alabama Nevada NewMexico Iowa Ohio Arkansas California Minnesota Virginia Colorado Tennessee NewHampshire NorthCarolina Missouri Washington NorthDakota Kentucky Idaho Oklahoma Nebraska SouthDakota Wisconsin Kansas WestVirginia Montana Utah Oregon Maine Vermont Wyoming Hawaii Alaska None 1 in 2,000 1 in 1,000 1 in 667 1 in 500 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 Rank TotalDeaths Masks No Yes Governor aa Democratic Republican Total US COVID-19 Deaths p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.029, p governor: 0.33. NB: association != causation. 2020-09-20 Summary: 25
  • 26. Average US COVID-19 deaths over the past 7 days Arkansas Mississippi NorthDakota Florida Georgia Virginia SouthCarolina Louisiana Nevada Texas Tennessee Kansas WestVirginia SouthDakota Montana Arizona Alabama NorthCarolina California Ohio Missouri Hawaii Massachusetts RhodeIsland Iowa Kentucky Oklahoma NewMexico Wyoming Illinois Indiana Idaho Minnesota Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Wisconsin Michigan Washington Oregon Colorado NewJersey DistrictofColumbia Maine NewYork Connecticut NewHampshire Utah Alaska Nebraska Vermont None 1 in 500,000 1 in 250,000 1 in 166,667 1 in 125,000 1 in 100,000 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 Rank Deaths/Day Masks No Yes Governor aa Democratic Republican Average US COVID-19 deaths over the past 7 days p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.57, p governor: 0.15. NB: association != causation. 2020-09-20 Summary: 26
  • 27. Daily testing trends HI TX FL OK LA MS AL GA AZ NM KS AR TN NC SC DC CA UT CO NE MO KY WV VA MD DE OR NV WY SD IA IN OH PA NJ CT RI WA ID MT ND MN IL MI NY MA WI VT NH AK ME min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max Dailytestingfrommintomax Daily testing trends from min to max Line = Friedman's supersmoother 2020-09-20 Summary: 27
  • 28. Change in daily tests over past 14 days Wisconsin Utah WestVirginia Oklahoma Arizona Minnesota Ohio Georgia NewMexico Massachusetts Maine Florida SouthDakota NorthCarolina Pennsylvania Hawaii Idaho Missouri Montana Kentucky Illinois Michigan Wyoming SouthCarolina Connecticut Texas Indiana Washington Arkansas NewYork Virginia Tennessee NorthDakota Kansas Mississippi Maryland Nebraska DistrictofColumbia Iowa Colorado NewHampshire NewJersey Nevada California Oregon Alaska Louisiana Delaware Alabama RhodeIsland Vermont -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 Rank Changeindailytests(%/day) Masks No Yes Governor aa Democratic Republican Change in daily tests over past 14 days p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.24, p governor: 0.58. NB: association != causation. 2020-09-20 Summary: 28
  • 30. Percent of Positive COVID Tests Arizona Alabama Florida Mississippi Idaho Texas SouthCarolina Nevada Georgia Kansas Iowa SouthDakota Nebraska Missouri Indiana Arkansas Utah Pennsylvania Maryland Colorado NorthDakota Louisiana RhodeIsland Virginia Wisconsin Delaware Oklahoma NorthCarolina Tennessee Minnesota Massachusetts NewJersey California Kentucky Illinois Wyoming Ohio Oregon Washington NewYork DistrictofColumbia Hawaii Connecticut Michigan Montana NewHampshire NewMexico WestVirginia Alaska Maine Vermont 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 Rank PercentofPositiveTests Masks No Yes Governor aa Democratic Republican Percent of Positive COVID Tests p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.013, p governor: 0.0025. NB: association != causation. 2020-09-20 Summary: 30
  • 31. Positive fraction trends HI TX FL OK LA MS AL GA AZ NM KS AR TN NC SC DC CA UT CO NE MO KY WV VA MD DE OR NV WY SD IA IN OH PA NJ CT RI WA ID MT ND MN IL MI NY MA WI VT NH AK ME min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max Fractionpositivefrommintomax Positive fraction trends from min to max 2020-09-20 Summary: 31
  • 32. Change in positive tests over past 14 days NorthDakota Wisconsin WestVirginia SouthDakota Montana Alaska Texas Utah Missouri Kansas Iowa Oklahoma Idaho Minnesota Wyoming Alabama Nebraska Oregon Delaware Florida Arkansas SouthCarolina Virginia Pennsylvania Nevada Colorado NewHampshire Maryland Tennessee Georgia Vermont NewMexico Mississippi Indiana Michigan Washington RhodeIsland Hawaii California Illinois NorthCarolina Louisiana Arizona Ohio NewJersey Massachusetts DistrictofColumbia Kentucky NewYork Connecticut Maine -1.0 0.0 1.0 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 Rank Changeinpositivetests(%/day) Masks No Yes Governor aa Democratic Republican Change in positive tests over past 14 days p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.0036, p governor: 0.0016. NB: association != causation. 2020-09-20 Summary: 32
  • 33. Change in tests vs. change in positive tests over last 14 days AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE DC FL GA HI ID IL IN IAKS KY LA ME MA MN MO MT NE NJ NY ND OK OR PA RI SD UT VT WV WI WY -1 0 1 -5.0 -2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 Change in tests (%/day) Changeinpositivetests(%/day) Change in tests vs. change in positive tests over last 14 days as of 2020-09-20 Size is proportional daily deaths per capita over the past 7 days 2020-09-20 Summary: 33
  • 34. Current hospitalizations as a percent of peak since FebruaryMissouri NorthDakota SouthDakota WestVirginia Nebraska Wyoming Alaska Oklahoma Kentucky NorthCarolina Kansas Hawaii Arkansas Utah Montana Iowa Idaho Virginia Georgia Tennessee Wisconsin Ohio Indiana Oregon SouthCarolina Mississippi Alabama Washington Minnesota California Nevada Louisiana Illinois NewMexico Texas RhodeIsland Florida Maine Colorado DistrictofColumbia Delaware Maryland Pennsylvania Michigan Arizona Vermont Massachusetts NewHampshire NewJersey Connecticut NewYork 0 30 60 90 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 Rank Hospitalizations(%ofpeak) Masks No Yes Governor aa Democratic Republican Current hospitalizations as a percent of peak since February p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.0038, p governor: 0.032. NB: association != causation. 2020-09-20 Summary: 34
  • 35. Hospitalizations trends HI TX FL OK LA MS AL GA AZ NM KS AR TN NC SC DC CA UT CO NE MO KY WV VA MD DE OR NV WY SD IA IN OH PA NJ CT RI WA ID MT ND MN IL MI NY MA WI VT NH AK ME min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max Hospitalizationsfrommintomax Hospitalizations trends from min to max 2020-09-20 Summary: 35
  • 36. Change in hospitalizations over past 14 days SouthDakota Maine Connecticut Wisconsin Utah DistrictofColumbia NorthDakota RhodeIsland NewYork WestVirginia Wyoming Massachusetts Missouri Nebraska Oklahoma NorthCarolina Delaware Oregon Alaska Illinois NewJersey NewHampshire Vermont Pennsylvania Indiana Michigan Kansas Kentucky NewMexico Idaho Arkansas SouthCarolina Colorado Virginia Maryland Iowa Tennessee Georgia Minnesota Ohio Texas Washington Alabama California Louisiana Mississippi Hawaii Arizona Nevada Montana Florida -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 Rank Changeinhospitalizations(%/day) Masks No Yes Governor aa Democratic Republican Change in hospitalizations over past 14 days p masks as of July 20, 2020: 0.6, p governor: 0.93. NB: association != causation. 2020-09-20 Summary: 36
  • 37. CV for Cases and Deaths IN NCILFL WICASC COPAKY MD NMTXWA NV MAMN IAOKTN GALAMI MS WVORRI AL AZDC HIID MTMONY UTAR DENJOH CTKS ND NHNE SDVA MEAK WY 0.010.01 0.10 1.00 0.010.01 0.10 1.00 Cases CV DeathsCV Coefficient of variation for cases and deaths as of 2020-09-20 CV calculated over last 28 days 2020-09-20 Summary: 37
  • 38. Change in New Cases per Day Direction Increasing > +2% Increasing between +0.5% and +2% No Change (-0.5% to +0.5%) Decreasing between -0.5% and -2% Decreasing > -2% NA Trends by county as of 2020-09-20 NA = Inadequate data 2020-09-20 Summary: 38