This document provides information from Dr. Avinash Chandra on COVID-19. It discusses what COVID-19 is and is not, how it spreads, symptoms, prevention strategies, and data on infection rates. Key points include that COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus, spreads through respiratory droplets from infected individuals, and can be prevented through measures like hand washing, social distancing, and disinfecting surfaces. Neurological symptoms have been reported in over 1/3 of patients with severe infections.

1. Avinash Chandra, MD, Fellow MS
Neurology Consultant:
Annapurna Neuro Hospital, Maitighar, Kathmandu
Alka Hospital, Jawlakhel, Ekantakuna, Kathmandu
KIST Teaching Hospital, Imadole, Gwarko, Kathmandu
COVID-19SPREAD&
CONTAGION

2. “Timely,evidence-basedinformation isthebestvaccine
againstrumors andmisinformation”
COVID -19 : What it is and What it is not
COVID-19 : What we see now and What we saw before
COVID 19: How you get it and How you eliminate it
Live and Leave COVID-19

3. COVID19:WhatitisandWhatitisnot
* Coronaviruses (and Toro viruses) are classified together based on the
crown or halo-like appearance of the envelope glycoproteins, and on
characteristic features of chemistry and replication
* The virus enters the host cell, and the uncoated genome is
transcribed and translated. The mRNAs form a unique “nested
set” sharing a common 3′ end. New virions form by budding
from host cell membranes.
* Incidence peaks in the winter, taking the form of local epidemics
lasting a few weeks or months. The same serotype may return to an
area after several years.

4. COVID19:WhatitisandWhatitisnot
A novel coronavirus, previously designated 2019-nCoV
The coronavirus subfamily is further classified into four genera: alpha, beta,
gamma, and delta coronaviruses.
The human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are in two of these genera: alpha
coronaviruses (HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63) and beta coronaviruses
(HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
[MERS-CoV], and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
[SARS-CoV]

5. COVID-19 :Then&Now
*Pneumonia of unknown etiology
*Virus had features typical of the
coronavirus family and belonged to
the ꞵcoronavirus- 2B lineage.
*January 12, 2020, the WHO
designated this fast-spreading virus
as “2019-nCoV
* Novel Coronaviral Pneumonia
and CoV-associated diseases were
referred to as “COVID-19” by
WHO on February 11, 2020

6. COVID-19:Whatweseenow &before
“SARS-CoV-2” by the Coronavirus Study Group of
the International Committee on Taxonomy of
Viruses.
On March 11 the WHO declared the situation as a
pandemic which is threatening mankind to a great
extent
As of now, SARS-CoV-2 is considered as the
seventh coronavirus that infects humans.
Virus is non transmissible
Viral particle is bigger in size
It does not travel long distance
It does not spread in summer
It is killed with hot water
Alcohol kills it

7. COVID19:Howyougetit &Howyoueliminateit
Informing the population about the health
risks posed by the coronavirus disease, as
well as what they can do to protect
themselves, is the best way to mitigate the
spread and reduce the amount of further
contagion cases

8. N Engl J Med Correspondence

9. A person can contract COVID-19 if:
● They come in contact with another person infected with the virus
● Someone infected coughs or sneezes directly to them
● They touch any surface with little droplets from infected people’s cough or
sneezes and then touch their eyes, nose or mouth
HOWdoYOUget COVID-19?

12. Pathophysiology

13. A person can eliminatet COVID-19 if:
● They use the prevention strategies
● Has good immune system
HOWdoYOUELIMINATECOVID-19?

14. PREVENTION:
WHATTODO
01.
Some advice to help prevent the spread of the virus

15. What to do to help prevent
the spread of the virus
Some numbers and data
about the spread
How long the virus stays
on different surfaces
Together we can overcome
this pandemic
01.PREVENTION
03.SPREAD
02.Stays
04.TEam

16. 04 05 06
01 02 03
Keep surfaces disinfected
and also avoid sharing
personal items
If you become sick, stay in
contact with others by
phone or email
Take care of the emotional
health of your household
members, including yourself
Continue to practice
everyday preventive actions
as usual
Keep the ill person in a
separate room from others in
the household
If caring for a sick household
member, monitor your own
health too
IFSOMEONE INYOURHOMEISSICK

17. Keep at least a distance of 1
meter (3 feet) between yourself
and other people
Try not to come in contact with
the elderly, as they are the most
vulnerable to the virus
SAFEDISTANCE OLDERADULTS
SOCIALDISTANCING
ONE–two
mETERs

18. Lancet Global
FeasibilityControl

20. PROTECTION TIPS
Keep objects and surfaces cleanMaintain social distancing
Wash your hands frequently Don’t touch eyes, nose or mouth

21. ● Cash is not accepted (only cards)
● Contact between driver and
passenger must be kept to a
minimum
● Taxis and other vehicles for hire can
only accept one passenger per fare
(excepting underage and elderly
people)
● Cover yourself with your elbow when
coughing and use hand sanitizer
● Try not to touch anything
PUBLICTRANSPORT RULES

22. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
01 03
02 04
Lab coat or apron
(wear it correctly)
Surgical masks and
respirators
Safety gloves (must
be worn to the wrist)
Eye or face protection
(such as glasses)

23. Clean
frequently
touched
surfacesand
objects

24. THEVIRUSAND
SURFACES
02.
Find out how long the virus stays on different surfaces

25. COVID-19INDIFFERENT SURFACES
SURFACE TIME
Sprayers 3 hours
Copper 4 hours
Plastic 2-3 days
SURFACE TIME
Cardboard 24 hours
Steel 2-3 days
Wood 4 days

26. WASHYOURHANDS
60% alcohol Palm to palmFingers Fingernails
01 02 03 04

27. WASHYOURHANDS
Disinfected!Thumbs Rub until dryWrists
08070605

28. WEMUSTeach
DOOURpart

29. EMERGENCY WARNINGSIGNS
04. Difficulty or trouble
when breathing
02. Persistent pressure in
the chest
03. Confusion or inability to
wake up
01. Lips or face suddenly
turning bluish

30. SYMPTOMS
SYSTEMIC Others:
Patients with COVID-19 often have a fever, dry cough
and fatigue as the primary manifestations, and in some
patients, pharyngeal pain, abdominal pain, diarrhea
and conjunctivitis are common
NEUROLOGICAL :
It has been reported that more than 1/3 of patients
experienced various neurological symptoms
Central (dizziness, headache, impaired
consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, ataxia
and epilepsy)
Peripheral (taste impairment, smell impairment,
vision impairment and neuralgia) and Myopathy.
The nervous system manifestations were significantly
more common in patients with severe infection

31. INFECTIONDATA
Some numbers and data on the spread of COVID-19
03.

32. EXPONENTIAL GROWTH
USA
Spain
China
United Kingdom
South Korea
Germany

34. INFECTEDAREAS

35. WHOApril22

36. EVOLUTIONOFTHE AMOUNTOFCASES
Evolution of confirmed COVID-19
cases in the world
FEBRUARY: 75377
JANUARY: 9799
MARCH: 630457

37. COUNTRIESWITHTHEHIGHESTINFECTIONRATE
ORIGIN

38. 164.536Total recovered people from COVID-19 as of March 2020

39. 10,000+
100,000+
Confirmed cases in South Korea
Confirmed cases in Spain

40. Cautionsinneurologyclinic
Neurologists need to wear disposable work caps, medical protective masks, work clothes such as
scrubs,
disposable latex gloves and carry hand sanitizer that contains ethanol, hydrogen peroxide or sodium
hypochlorite.
Patients and their companions must have temperature measured in triage routinely before entering the
consulting room. To reduce cross-infection, companions should avoid entering the room. Everyone
must
Wear disposable medical masks.
For patients with neurological symptoms but also highly suspicious of COVID-19, it is recommended
that
patient go to a fever clinic first and consult a neurologist later.
After work, doctors should remove the protective gear step by step according to the decontamination
protocol.
It is forbidden to leave the contaminated area wearing personal protective equipment for the purpose

41. COVID-19 TRIALSfromtheWHODatabase
(1,303 studies)
A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of
intravenous plasma-purified alpha-1 antitrypsin for severe
COVID-19 illness.
CHROLOQUINE PHOSPHATE AGAINST INFECTION BY THE
NOVEL CORONAVIRUS
Clinical Study to assess positive value of blood plasma
from donors having built immunity against the new corona
virus (SARS-CoV-2) transfused to patients suffering from
SARS-CoV-2 infection

43. “IsItSafefor MetoGoto Work?”
vigilantly perform hand hygiene, avoid touching her face, and use the personal
protective equipment
No guidance on how to protect essential workers
Data on occupational risk for Covid-19 are not robust
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that health care workers
account for at least 11% of reported SARS-CoV-2 infections
high rates of infection have been reported among workers in transit, grocery, and
corrections occupations, in which maintaining safe physical distancing is difficult

45. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons
by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik
THANKS!
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@avineuroavi.ch.92