This document provides information about COVID-19 from its origins and symptoms to prevention and treatment. It begins with an introduction of COVID-19, describing how it was first identified in November 2019 and has since spread globally. Module 1 discusses the virus' pneumonia-like symptoms and lack of effective antiviral drugs. Subsequent modules cover COVID-19's definition and causes, clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, prophylaxis and treatment options, current prevalence globally and in India/UP, and important prevention methods like hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, and social distancing. The document aims to educate about the pandemic virus and slowing its spread.

1. COVID-19
PRESENTED BY:
MR. DALCHAND
NURSING LECTURER
SIHER, BAGHPAT

2. MODULE-1
INTRODUCTION OF COVID-19

3. What is covid-19?
The new Corona virus, now known as Covid-
19, was first encountered in November 2019,
and has gone on to affect over 425,000 people
in over 150 countries around the globe,
causing more than 18,000 deaths.

4. • The virus can cause pneumonia-like
symptoms. Those who have fallen ill are
reported to suffer coughs, fever and breathing
difficulties. In severe cases there can be organ
failure. As this is viral pneumonia, antibiotics
are of no use.

5. • The antiviral drugs we have against flu will not
work. If people are admitted to hospital, they
may get support for their lungs and other
organs, as well as fluids. Recovery will depend
on the strength of their immune system. Many
of those who have died were vulnerable
because of existing underlying health
conditions.

6. • The name Covid-19 was announced on 11
February by the World Health Organization.
The director general, Tedros Adhanom
Ghebreyesus, said: “We had to find a name
that did not refer to a geographical location,
an animal, an individual or group of people,
and which is also pronounceable and related
to the disease. Having a name matters to
prevent the use of other names that can be
inaccurate or stigmatising.”

7. • COVID-19 is a new strain of corona virus that
has not been previously identified in humans.
The COVID-19 is the cause of an outbreak of
respiratory illness first detected in Wuhan,
Hubei province, China.

8. • Since December 2019, cases have been
identified in a growing number of countries.
The District’s surveillance data can be found
here.
• Corona viruses are a large family of viruses
that are known to cause illness ranging from
the common cold to more severe diseases
such as Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome
(SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
(MERS).

9. MODULE-2
DEFINITION AND CAUSES OF COVID-19

10. DEFINITION OF COVID-19
• COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new strain
of corona virus. ‘CO’ stands for corona, ‘VI’ for
virus, and ‘D’ for disease. Formerly, this
disease was referred to as ‘2019 novel corona
virus’ or ‘2019-nCoV.’ The COVID-19 virus is a
new virus linked to the same family of viruses
as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
and some types of common cold.

11. Causes of covid-19
• Corona viruses are zoonotic. This means they
first develop in animals before developing in
humans.
• For the virus to pass from animals to humans,
a person has to come into close contact with
an animal that carries the infection.

12. • Once the virus develops in people, corona
viruses can be transmitted from person to
person through respiratory droplets. This is a
technical name for the wet stuff that moves
through the air when you cough, sneeze, or
talk.

13. Cont…
• The viral material hangs out in these droplets
and can be breathed into the respiratory tract
(your windpipe and lungs), where the virus
can then lead to an infection.
• The 2019 corona virus hasn’t been definitively
linked to a specific animal.

14. • Researchers believe that the virus may have
been passed from bats to another animal —
either snakes or pangolins — and then
transmitted to humans.
• This transmission likely occurred in the open
food market in Wuhan, China.

15. MODULE-3
CLINICAL FEATURES OF COVID-19

16. Clinical features of COVID-19
Reported illnesses have ranged from mild
symptoms to severe illness and death for
confirmed Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-
19) cases.

17. Cont….
Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure:
• Cough
• Fever
• Headache
• loss of taste or smell
• Repeated shaking with chills
• Sore throat
• Shortness of breath
• Muscle pain

18. MODULE-4
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF COVID-19

19. How are
Corona virus diagnosed?

20. • COVID-19 can be diagnosed similarly to other
conditions caused by viral infections: using a
blood, saliva, or tissue sample. However, most
tests use a cotton swab to retrieve a sample
from the inside of your nostrils.

21. • The CDC, some state health departments, and
some commercial companies conduct tests.
• On April 21, the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA)Trusted Source approved the use of the
first COVID-19 home testing kit.

22. • Using the cotton swab provided, people will
be able to collect a nasal sample and mail it to
a designated laboratory for testing.
• The emergency-use authorization specifies
that the test kit is authorized for use by
people whom healthcare professionals have
identified as having suspected COVID-19.

23. • Talk to your doctor right away if you think you
have COVID-19 or you notice symptoms.
• Your doctor will advise you on whether you
should:
• stay home and monitor your symptoms
• come into the doctor’s office to be evaluated
• go to the hospital for more urgent care

24. Available tests:
• PCR based test(polymerase chain reaction)
• Isothermal nucleic amplification
• Antigen tests
• Serology (antibody) tests
• Thermal detector

25. MODULE-5
PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT OF COVID-19

26. Prophylaxis and Treatment
• Treatment given action taken to prevent
disease
• Currently no medication is recommended to
treat covid-19 and no cure is available
• Antibiotics are not effective agents viral
infections such as covid-19
• Researcher are testing a variety of possible
treatment.

27. Meaningof PROFYLAXIS
• A preventing measure a prophylactic is a
medication or a treatment design and used to
prevent a disease come occurring .

29. Meaningof Treatment
• The use of medicine and medical care to cure
an illness or injury to something that is done
to some body feel and look good.

30. How to treatcovid-19
Treatment is directed as relieving symptom and
may include:
 Pain relievers (Ibuprofen or Acetaminophen)
 Cough syrup or medication
 Rest
 Fluid intake

31. Treatment
1. Mild cases
Supportive treatment ( antihistamine and analgesics)
2. Moderate cases
Oseltamivir (150 mg BD for 5 days)
Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine (500 mg BD for 14
days)

32. 3. Severe cases
Oseltamivir (150 mg BD for 5 days)
Kaleltra (lopinavir, ritonavir ( 5days)
Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine (500 mg BD for 14 days) or
Ribanivir (5 days)
4. Critical cases
Oseltamivir (150 mg BD for 5 days)
Kaleltra (lopinavir, ritonavir ( 5days)
Ribanivir (5 days)
Hydroxychloroquine,chloroquine (500 mg BD for 14 days) or

33. The FDA granted permission for some medication approved
other diseases to be used to treat severe covid-19 when no
other options are available
Two Antimalarial drugs
1. Hydroxychloroquine
2. Chloroquine
Anti viral drugs
1. Remdesivir
2. Combine use of lopinavir/ritonavir (kaletra) in patient
hospitalized with covid-19 infection.

34. OTHER PREVENTIVETHERAPIES OF COVID-19
Mechanical ventilation
Oxygen therapies
* High flow nasal oxygen

35. MODULE-6
PREVALENCE OF COVID-19

36. Prevalence of covid-19
• Corona virus is continuing its spread across
the world with more than 63.8 lakh confirmed
cases in 188 countries. more than 377,515
peoples have lost their lives.

37. COVID-19 CORONAVIRUSPANDEMIC
 Corona virus cases
6,370,762
 Deaths
377,515
 Recovered
2,904,690
 Active cases
3,088,557
 Currently infected patients
3,088,557(98 percent)
 In mild condition
3,035,154
 Serious or critical
53,403

38. Prevalencecovid-19 In India
• India report the first confirm case of the
corona virus infection on 30 of January 2020
in the state of Kerala.
• The affected had a travel history from Wuhan,
china

39. Cont..
Confirmed
1,99172
Active cases
97799
Recovered
95754
Deaths
5,608

40. Prevalenceof covid-19 in UP
Confirmed
8361
Active cases
3109
Recovered
5030
Death
222

41. MODULE-7
Prevention of covid-19

42. How to prevent COVID-19

44. HANDHYGIENE
PREVENTION - WHAT TO DO?
Hand hygiene is a way of cleaning one's
hands that substantially reduces potential
pathogens (harmful germs) on the hands.
Hand hygiene procedures include hand
washing with soap and water for at least
40 seconds or use of 70% alcohol- based
hand rubs

45. DO:
▪ Wash your hands often with soap and
water for 40 seconds especially after you
have been in a public place, or after
blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.
▪ Use a hand sanitizer (at least 70% alcohol
based)

46. DO NOT
▪ Touch your eyes, nose, and mouth with
unwashed hands.
▪ Touch surfaces like door knobs and door
bells, elevator buttons, handrails, support
handles, chair backs, ATM surfaces,
mobiles, jeep handles etc.

47. RESPIRATORY HYGIENE
• Respiratory Hygiene is a combination of
measures taken to stop the spread of
germs through respiratory behaviours like
coughing or sneezing.

48. DO
• DO USE a handkerchief or a tissue to cover
your face while coughing or sneezing
• DO THROW the used tissue immediately into
a closed dustbin
• DO COVER your sneeze into your bent upper
arm in case you are not carrying a tissue or a
kerchief.
• DO WASH hands immediately after you have
covered your sneeze or cough

49. DO NOT
• DO NOT use other ways of covering your
face like the pallu of the sari of the chunni
or the gamcha
• DO NOT spit in the open, always use a
spittoon or wash basin for spitting

50. SOCIAL DISTANCING
• Social distancing: deliberately increasing
the physical space between people to
avoid spreading illness. Staying at least
one meter away from other people
lessens your chances of catching covid-
19

51. DO
• Stay at home unlessabsolutely necessary.
• Keep a distance of atleast one meter
between yourself and another person.

52. DO NOT
•Do not hold events where people have to
gather (even if it is a corner meeting with
three or four friends, or an evening chat on
the chaupal).
• Do not go to crowded places like
markets, shopping, melas, parties.
• Do not use public transport.

53. HIGHRISKGROUP

54. Use PPE

55. MODULE-8

56. PROCEDURES
• Wear of PPE
• Hand hygiene
• Sanitization

58. THANK YOU