describe about SARS-2 virus Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin it mean this disease are spsread by animals to humans. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)  is a new strain that was discovered in 2019 and has not been previously identified in humans. The first person infected in Wuhan(hubei) in China on 17 November 2019. The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020. COVID-19 is the name given by the WHO. On 11 February 2020. for the disease caused by the novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2. Travel – associated cases have also been reported in a few other countries. Outbreaks in health care workers indicate human to human transmission. In India, first patient found in kerala on 30 January 2020. Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein reveals the architecture of the key player of viral entry into host cells and provides a blue print for vaccine design. Diagnosis is made based on Clinical features and history of International travel or a close contact with nCOVID POSITIVELY TESTED patients. The CDC(The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention) recommends collection of three specimen types, lower respiratory, upper respiratory, and serum (Blood) specimens for testing. Real – time Reverse Transcription –Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) test is used to diagnose nCOVID-19 in respiratory serum samples from clinical specimens. Find the latest research on a wide range of molecular and serological assays currently available or under development: Detection of Virus and Its Components (including Molecular Diagnostics ). Serological (including Neutralization). People who are at high risk Elderly – more than 60 years. People with decreased immunity. People with co-morbidities such as Diabetes, Hypertension, Kidney disease etc. Infants.

1. Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
Presented by- Somdatt Sen
M.Sc. Medical Microbiology
4th Semester
H.O.D.- Pro. Dr. Y. Vimala
Department Of Microbiology
Ch. Charan Singh University
Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

2. CORONA VIRUS
• Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that
cause illness ranging from the common cold to more
severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS-CoV).
• A novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin it mean this
disease are spread by animals to humans.
• Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new strain that
was discovered in 2019 and has not been previously
identified in humans.
• The first person infected in Wuhan(hubei) in China on
17 November 2019.
• The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency
of International Concern on 30 January 2020.
• COVID-19 is the name given by the WHO. On 11
February 2020. for the disease caused by the novel
corona virus SARS-CoV-2.

3. • Travel – associated cases have also been reported in a few other countries.
• Outbreaks in health care workers indicate human to human transmission.
• In India, first patient found in kerala on 30 January 2020.
• Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein reveals the architecture of the key player of viral
entry into host cells and provides a blue print for vaccine design.

4. PATHOGENESIS -

5. CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS
• Diagnosis is made based on Clinical features and history of International travel or a close contact
with nCOVID POSITIVELY TESTED patients.
• The CDC(The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention) recommends collection of three
specimen types, lower respiratory, upper respiratory, and serum (Blood) specimens for testing.
• Real – time Reverse Transcription –Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) test is used to diagnose
nCOVID-19 in respiratory serum samples from clinical specimens.
Find the latest research on a wide range of molecular and serological assays currently available or
under development:
1. Detection of Virus and Its Components (including Molecular Diagnostics ).
2. Serological (including Neutralization).

7. Isolation or Quarantine?
ISOLATION IF YOU ARE SICK
• Separates sick people with a
contagious disease from people
who are not sick.
• You must stay away from others
from at least 7 days after your
symptoms have gone away.
7 DAYS
QUARANTINE IF EXPOSED
• Separates people and restricts their
movement if they were exposed to
a contagious disease to see if they
become sick.
• For people who are not sick, but
may have been exposed (in close
contacts with someone) who is sick.
• You must stay away from others for
14 days to see if you get sick.
14 DAYS

8. People who are at high risk
• Elderly – more than 60 years.
• People with decreased immunity.
• People with co-morbidities such as Diabetes, Hypertension, Kidney
disease etc.
• Infants.

9. HOW TO PROTECT YOUR SELF
• Wash your hands frequently.
• Maintain social distancing.
• Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth.
• Practice respiratory hygiene.
• If you have fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical care
early.
• Stay informed and follow advice given by your healthcare provider.

10. Myth Busters
• COVID-19 virus can be transmitted in areas with hot and humid climates.
• Cold weather and snow CANNOT kill the new coronavirus.
• Taking a hot bath does not prevent the new coronavirus disease.
• The new coronavirus CANNOT be transmitted through mosquito bites.
• Hand dryers effective in killing the new coronavirus.
• There is no evidence that companion animals/pets such as dog or cats can transmitted the
coronavirus.
• Ultraviolet light SHOULD NOT be used for sterilization and can cause skin irritation.
• Garlic is healthy but there is NO evidence from the current outbreak that eating garlic has
protected from the coronavirus.
• Spraying alcohol or chlorine all over your body WILL NOT kill viruses that have already entered
your body.
• Antibiotics DO NOT work against viruses, antibiotics only work against bacteria.
• To date, there is NO specific medicine recommended to prevent or treat the coronavirus.

11. When and how to use masks
• If you are healthy, you only need to wear a mask if you are taking care of a person with
suspected 2019-nCoV infection.
• Wear a mask if you are coughing or sneezing.
• Masks are effective only when used in combination with frequent hand-cleaning with alcohol-
based hand rub or soap and water.
• If you wear a mask, then you must know how to use it and dispose of it properly.
• Before putting on a mask, clean hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water.
• Cover mouth and nose with mask and make sure there are no gaps between your face and the
mask.
• Avoid touching the mask while using it; if you do, clean your hands with alcohol-based hand rub
or soap and water.
• Replace the mask with a new one as soon as it is damp and do not re-use single-use masks.
• To remove the mask: remove it from behind (do not touch the front of mask); discard
immediately in a closed bin; clean hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water.

14. How to clean hands?
• Clean your hands by rubbing them
one another with a lotion
containing alcohol, which is
deemed to be the favorable way
for cleaning hands on a regular
basis in case they are not overtly
unclean.
• It is more effective, and more
endurable by the hands than water
and soap.
• Wash your hands with water and
soap whenever they are overtly
contaminated with blood or other
body secretions, and after toilet.

15. References
• https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/HealthAwareness/EducationalContent/H
ealthInstructions/Pages/Handwashing.aspx
• https://www.who.int/india/emergencies/novel-coronavirus-2019
• https://newsroom.uw.edu/news/covid-19-coronavirus-spike-holds-
infectivity-details