Coronaviruses can cause illness in humans and animals. COVID-19 is a new coronavirus that emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since spread globally. Common symptoms include fever, tiredness, and dry cough, while some people may experience difficulty breathing or pneumonia. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Basic preventive measures include frequent hand washing, maintaining distance from infected people, and avoiding touching the face. There is no vaccine yet, so treatment focuses on relieving symptoms through rest, fluids and medication if pneumonia develops.

1. CORONA VIRUS
Dr. Yasir Hanif
Dr. Anwar Taqveem

2. What is Coronavirus
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses which may cause illness
in animals or humans. In humans, several coronaviruses are known
to cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more
severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).

3. COVID – 19
The most recently discovered coronavirus causes coronavirus
disease COVID-19.
This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak
began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. A pneumonia of
unknown cause detected in Wuhan, China was first reported to
the WHO Country Office in China on 31 December 2019.
The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of
International Concern on 30 January 2020.

4. SYMPTOMS
 Fever
 Tiredness
 Dry cough
 Breathing difficulty
 Some patients may have aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny
nose, sore throat or diarrhea.
 Some people become infected but don’t develop any symptoms and
don't feel unwell
 People with fever, cough and difficulty breathing should seek medical
attention.

5. Some common terms
Incubation period
Incubation period means the time between catching the virus and beginning
to have symptoms of the disease. Most estimates of the incubation period for
COVID-19 range from 1-14 days, most commonly around five days
Quarnatine
Quarantine is defined as a restriction of the activities of healthy persons or
animals who have been exposed to a communicable disease. The aim is to
prevent transmission of the disease from potentially infected persons to healthy
persons during the incubation period.

6. Comparison between Influenza and COVID-
19
FEATURES INFLUENZA COVID-19
1. CAUSE -Caused by any of several different
types and strains of influenza
viruses.
-Novel 2019 coronavirus
3. DEATHS -291,000 to 646,000 deaths
worldwide
-Approximately 3,286+ deaths
reported worldwide
1. VACCINE -Available and effective to prevent
some of the most dangerous types
or to reduce the severity of the flu.
-No vaccine is available at this
time, though it is in progress.
4. INFECTIONS -Estimated 1 billion cases
worldwide
-Approximately 95,488 cases
worldwide
5. MEDICATIONS -Antiviral medications are currently
being tested
-Antiviral medications can address
symptoms and sometimes shorten
the duration of the illness.

7. 1.Person to person
2.Touching contaminated a
surface or object
*Infection is transmitted by
aerosols secretions*
How it spreads

8. Person to person

9. Contaminated surfaces and
objects
Droplets from a sick person may
land on objects and surfaces
around the person.
Other people then catch COVID-
19 by touching these objects or
surfaces, then touching their
eyes, nose or mouth.

10. Diagnosis
 ELISA
 PCR

11. Complications
 Pneumonia
 Severe acute respiratory syndrome
 Multi organ failure
 Death
If you have a fever or any kind of respiratory difficulty such
as coughing or shortness of breath, call your doctor or a
health care provider and explain your symptoms over the
phone before going to the doctor’s office, urgent care facility
or emergency room.

12. Statistics
 Covid -19 coronavirus
outbreak
 Total cases so far =
95,488
 Death=3,286
 Recovered = 53,689
 Active cases = 38,513
 Closed cases= 56,975
 India = total cases 29

13. People who are at risk of
complications
 Older person
 Children less than 5 years
 Pregnant females
 Person with pre-existing medical conditions like
 1. High blood pressure
 2. Heart diseases
 3. Diabetes
 4. Immunocompromised people
 5. Lung diseases - like COPD and asthma

14. Prevention
 Avoid close contact with
people who are sick.
 Avoid touching your eyes,
nose and mouth.
 Stay home when you are sick.
 Cover your cough or sneeze
with a tissue, then throw the
tissue in the trash.
 Clean and disinfect frequently
touched objects and surfaces
using a regular household
cleaning spray or wipe.

15. Significance of Prevention

16. General Preventive advises

17. Hand washing
 Wash your hands often with soap
and water for at least 20
seconds, especially after going to
the bathroom; before eating and
after blowing your nose,
coughing or sneezing.
 If soap and water are not readily
available, use an alcohol-based
hand sanitizer with at least 60%
alcohol.
 Always wash hands with soap
and water if hands are visibly
dirty.

18. Face-mask
 1. People with no respiratory symptoms, such as cough, do
not need to wear a medical mask. WHO recommends the
use of masks for people who have symptoms of COVID-19
and for those caring for individuals who have symptoms,
such as cough and fever.
 2. Rational use of medical masks to avoid unnecessary
wastage of precious resources and mis-use of masks.
 3. Use a mask only if you have respiratory symptoms
(coughing or sneezing), have suspected COVID-19 infection
with mild symptoms, or are caring for someone with
suspected COVID-19 infection.
 The N95 mask has been positioned as a superior mask with
less filter penetration of virus particles and face-seal leaks,
while allowing less inward leak of environmental particles

19. IHO Health Actions:
 Shampooing of carpets.
 Deep cleaning of the office areas and equipments
 Placement of sanitizers on all the entries and exits.
 Air purifiers to be put on virus filter mode.
 Training the housekeeping staff on proper hand washing techniques.
 Fumigation in office.
 Masks have already been distributed to staff.
 Servicing of ACs.
 Servicing of air purifiers.
 Weekly communication to employees on COVID-19 through HR.

20. Treatment
 There is no vaccine and no specific antiviral medicine to
prevent or treat COVID-2019.
 Affected should receive care to relieve symptoms. People
with serious illness should be hospitalized. Most patients
recover in response to supportive care in hospital.
 Possible vaccines and some specific drug treatments are
under investigation. They are being tested through clinical
trials.

21. Things to Avoid
 Smoking
 Taking traditional herbal remedies
 Wearing multiple masks
 Taking self-medication such as antibiotics
 In any case, if you have fever, cough and difficulty breathing seek medical
care early to reduce the risk of developing a more severe infection and be
sure to share your recent travel history with your health care provider.

22. Advisory from Ministry of Health
 All kinds of visas for China are suspended for now.
 People coming Republic of Korea , Italy and Iran or those
having history of travel to these countries may be quarantined
for14 days on arrival to India.
 For any queries related to health , people may contact on
Ministry of Health and Welfare 24*7 helpline number
+911123978046 or email at ncov2019@gmail.com

23. Thank you