The document discusses urban data fusion, which involves integrating geographical information models and building information models. Geographical information models represent natural and infrastructure data, while building information models contain 3D representations and attributes of buildings. There are various data formats and standards for each model type, as well as different approaches to integrating the two, including file conversion, database integration, and system integration that links different software applications. The study aims to understand methods for standardizing integration between 3D building models and geographical datasets.

1. Urban D ata F usion I ntegrating G eographical I nformation Models and B uilding I nformation M odels of t he U rban E nvironment Umit Isikdag, Dr. Nigel Trodd School of Science and Environment Coventry University

2. Presentation Content What is urban data fusion ? Geographical Information Models Building Information Models Integration Approaches Summary

3. What is urban data A general definition of urban data can be; all data related to built, natural and socio-economic aspect of the urban environment. 80% of urban data have a spatial component. i.e. they can be mapped.

4. Some sources of urban data… GPS Devices Digital Maps Satellite Images Computer Aided Design Software Traffic Control Stations Air Pollution Stations Weather Stations

5. What is urban data fusion Urban data fusion is the process of integrating urban data coming from several diverse resources.

6. The need for urban data fusion For example a city council architect wants to make a 3D dynamic visualisation of the buildings in the city. Fusing urban data enables him/her to make detailed changes to a building and then see the impact in a photo realistic urban environment. To overcome bottlenecks of information exchange To increase effectiveness in urban data management.

7. The need for urban data fusion-2 For example the fire department of a city uses emergency fire response software. The software requests data about the road network and the buildings in the city. A user is then able to navigate to an incident and move seamlessly from the outside to the inside of a building in 3D. GIS GIS CAD CAD

8. Information systems to manage urban data Urban data are created and managed with several information systems. The two main ones are: Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Computer Aided Design Systems (CAD) Roads 3D Buildings Rivers Cadastre Traffic Data Weather Data Pollution Data Managed by GIS Managed by CAD

9. Aim of the study To understand the ways and methods to integrate standardised 3D building information models with geographical information models. Building Information Model Geographical Information Models

10. Methodology Literature review Technology watch and implementation Proof of concept study

11. Geographical Information Models and Methods of exchanging geographic information models

12. Raster data is usually stored as an array of grid values , with metadata about the array held in a file header. Typical metadata include the Geographic coordinate of the upper-left corner The cell size The number of row and column elements Raster Data Models Raster file

13. Vector Data Models In the vector data representation each object in the real world is first classified into a geometric type: point, line, or polygon. Geographic entities encoded using the vector data models are called features . Features of the same geometric type are called feature classes and stored in several forms: Vector file

14. Feature geometries in a binary file and attributes in a standard ( vector ) Feature geometries ,topology and attributes in a DBMS table with a special field for geometric shape ( vector in spatial database ) Vector Data Models Vector file Vector file Database Geo Database

15. Standardisation: GML Files Geography Markup Language is an XML grammar for the modelling, transport, and storage of geographic information. GML files are standard file types which can be interpreted with many applications GML files carry both geometry and attribute information GML file

16. A raster or a vector file can be exchanged between geographical information systems, and vector file attributes can be reached through a database Raster file Vector file Geographical Information System (GIS) Geographical Information System (GIS) RDBMS

17. A standard GML file can be exchanged between GIS Geographical Information System (GIS) Geographical Information System (GIS) GML file

18. The raster/vector/GML files and related attribute databases can be reached by APIs Raster file Vector file GML file Application Programming Interface (API) Any Application

19. The raster/vector/GML files can be stored in a spatial database Spatial Database Raster file Vector file GML file

20. Building Information Models and Methods of exchanging building information

21. Computer Aided Design (CAD) Model A CAD model is a 3D graphical representation of a building created by computer aided design tools.

22. What is an Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) Model An IFC model is an object based standardised CAD model that is rich in attributes. IFC models contain more than information about a building’s geometry. They also contain information about its materials, project schedule and cost . Roof: Geometry: Triangle Material: Brick Will be built on:10.10.2004 Cost:1000£ Door: Geometry: Rectangle Material: Wood Will be built on:10.09.2004 Cost:100£

23. Information Exchange with CAD files CAD file XCAD YCAD

24. Information Exchange with CAD files CAD file XCAD YCAD Application Programming Interface Other CAD Applications

25. Information Exchange with IFC files IFC file XCAD YCAD

26. Information Exchange with IFC files IFC file XCAD YCAD Application Programming Interface Any Application

27. Information Exchange with IFC files IFC file XCAD YCAD Any Application Building Model Database

28. Approaches to Urban Data Fusion

29. File Conversion IFC file CAD file Raster file Vector file GML file

30. Database Level Integration: Integrating the data using databases and IFC Building Model Database Spatial Database IFC file

31. System Level Integration: Integrating the data using systems Computer Aided Design System Geographical Information System

32. System Level Integration: Integrating the data using systems EXPRESS DBMS IFC/IFG SCHEMA IFC/IFG File (STEP-P21) SDAI API Database API Clients using IFC Data Spatial DBMS Raster and Vector Data Files GIS GATEWAY Web Services GIS Client Applications (APIs ,Data Conversion Tools ,GIS Software) GML GML WMS/WFS IFC API Data Conversion and Transfer Tier GIS Data Conversion API XSLT

33. Spatial DBMS Raster and Vector Data Files GIS GATEWAY GIS Software Data Conversion Tools GIS APIs Client Applications using Geo Information EXPRESS DBMS SDAI API Database API Clients using BIM Information IFC/IFG SCHEMA IFC/IFG File IFC API Web Services System Level Integration: Integrating the data using systems

34. Summary and Conclusion

35. Summary There are several different data models of urban data These models can be categorised as two different types: Geographical Information Models (Roads, Parcels ,Lakes, Hills) Building Information Models (Buildings) There is a need for fusion to overcome the barriers of information exchange in urban management (indicated by examples) There are various ways of exchanging the geographical information models There are also various ways of exchanging the building information model This naturally creates several options for fusion

36. Conclusion The further stages of the research will focus on a proof of concept study for the fusion. Thanks for listening....