BIM Conversion & Analysis Workshop: Story of the I-35W Bridge Collapse

Participants
Raj Banga, DBI Architects
Dean Hintz, Safe Software
Lutz Ross, Virtual City Systems
Alex Karman, Revolutionary Machines

FME Capabilities
Transform Data to Use and Share
Convert spatial data between hundreds of formats
Transform spatial data into the precise data model you need
Integrate multiple different data types into a single data model
Share spatial data with people where, when and how they need it

Translation
FME supports reading from a wide array of data formats and types:
•300+ formats, with more added each year
•CAD, GIS, raster, database, web, non-spatial, 3D

Transformation
Move data between formats and systems
Restructure data models and schemas
•Geometry
•Attributes
•Coordinate systems and projections
Example
•Derive new attribute values or construct geometry
PointConnector transformer

•Adobe 3D PDF
•LAS / LAZ
•Autodesk 3ds
•AutoCAD Civil 3D
•AutoCAD DWG/DXF/RealDWG
•Bentley Microstation
•CityGML 2.0, ADEs
•COLLADA
•DirectX X File
•Esri ArcGIS Layer
•Esri Geodatabase
•Free File Geodatabase API
•NetCDF
•Esri Shape
•Google SketchUp, KML
•IFC
•LandXML
•Oracle Spatial Object
•Oracle Spatial Point Cloud
•Point Cloud XYZ
•Pointools POD
•Presagis Openflight
•Revit
•VRML
•Wavefront OBJ
•XML / GML
3D Formats
CAD VECTOR RASTER DATABASE BIM/3D WEB POINT CLOUD

FME Tools for Tackling 3D
Format translation
Database loading and extraction
GML, XML and web service support
Schema mapping
Geometry model conversion (e.g. solid to mesh)
Geometry transformation
Geometry validation
Complex geometry support, hierarchical
Reprojection, geo-referencing, vertical datums

IFC: Industry Foundation Classes

Point Clouds / LIDAR
http://www.fmepedia.com/index.php/Category:Dmitris_Point_Cloud_Lab

Why extract info from BIM?
Visualization

Views (Floor plans)
Routing

Analysis

University of Washington Workflows
Projects
Data
Updates
Geometry
Update
Automated
Sync
Linked System
For Administration,
Operations, and
Maintenance
CAD/BIM
GIS
CMMS
Life Safety
Record Documents
EH&S
Space Inventory
Security
Room Scheduling
FM Systems
Misc.
GIS
Changes
Misc.
CAD/BIM
Changes
Aaron Cheuvront
CAD/GIS Program Manager
UW Capital Projects Office - Information Systems

HOK Scenarios.
Greg Schleusner
Director of BuildingSMART Innovation
Christopher Zoog
BuildingSMART team member
Model checking
Hierarchical DWG export
Intelligent PDF export
Enterprise wide sharing

Distribution: 3DPDF, KML, GeoDB, OBJ

CityGML: Motivation
An increasing number of cities and companies are building virtual 3D city models
Different application areas:
E.g. Urban planning, disaster management, navigation, environmental simulations
Graphical or geometric models are limited to visualisation purposes
Growing need for Semantic Models to satisfy:
thematic queries, analysis, spatial data mining
Reusability -> costs reduction

CityGML: Motivation
(C) by T.H. Kolbe

CityGML: What is it?
CityGML is a data model and exchange format for virtual 3d city models
Modeling of all relevant parts of the virtual city according to their semantics, geometry, topology and appearance
GML 3 application schema (XML based)

CityGML | Characteristics
Multi-Scale Modelling [Level of Detail]
From landscape to interior model
LOD 0 – Regional model
LOD 1 – City model
LOD 2 – City model with roof structure
LOD 3 – Detailed architecture
LOD 4 – Interior Model
Source: slide from: Christian Dahmen, conterra

CityGML | Characteristics
External References
Refer to external data sources containing additional data
Appearance (Textures)
Application Domain Extensions (ADE)
E.g. Noise, Energy, INSPIRE
Generic city objects and attributes
Source: slide from: Christian Dahmen, conterra

Thematic modules
Building
CityFurniture
Relief
Transportation
Vegetation
WaterBody
Tunnel
Bridge
CityObjectGroup
© KIT – Karlsruher Institute of Technology

Read and Write CityGML up to version 2.0
Support for any arbitrary ADE’s E.g. INSPIRE, Dutch IMGeo, Noise
FME supports
All thematic modules
Level of Detail (LoD 0-4)
Generic objects and attributes
Non-spatial data / metadata
Reprojection
FME's support for CityGML

Reader Driven by CityGML Schema
One FME Feature Type per CityGML class (object)
Reading CityGML

Typical CityGML Workflows
Data Inspection and Evaluation
CityGML model generation
Creating LODs
3D data generation from 2D
•2.5D draping
•3D extrusion
Database loading
BIM to GIS
Export to distribution formats (PDF / KML)

Add CityGML specific attributes and geometry properties
Format Attribute citygml_lod_name
lodxSolid[1..4], lodxMultiSurface[2..4], lodxGeometry[0..5]
Build relationship between features
Example: 'Building' address 'Address'
Use gml_id and gml_parent_id for relation
Format Attribute citygml_feature_role
CityGML Model entities by FME feature types
Manually define or import CityGML entities
Import entities from an existing CityGML dataset
Writing CityGML: Basics

<CityModel>
<cityObjectMember>
<bldg:Building gml:id="UUID_13d7d225>
...
<creationDate>2008-12-09</creationDate>
<bldg:boundedBy>
<bldg:WallSurface gml:id="UUID_50d7d286">
...
<bldg:opening>
<bldg:Window gml:id="UUID_86e6b220">
...
</bldg:Window>
</bldg:WallSurface>
<bldg:RoofSurface gml:id="UUID_535118a1">
...
</bldg:RoofSurface>
<bldg:GroundSurface gml:id="UUID_5350147b">
...
</bldg:GroundSurface>
</bldg:Building>
</cityObjectMember>
</CityModel>
Writing CityGML: Sample

IFC to CityGML Workspace
Geometry transform, schema mapping and geo-referencing

CityGML Writing Transformers
filtering, id generation,
configuring geometry model

Revit to CityGML: Leesburg Courthouse Square

Real World CityGML Models
EU INSPIRE ADE
Netherlands IMGeo 3D ADE, Geonovum
Environmental Noise Directive
Statewide LoD1 & LoD2 Buildings in Germany
Sultanate of Bahrain, National 3D cadastre
Singapore is evaluating CityGML as national 3D standard
Further examples include Paris, Vienna, Brussels, Innsbruck, …
48

GeometryValidator for 3D
•Checks for solids with inverted faces, dangling surfaces, unsealed solids, etc
•Flag errors with meaningful attributes and geometric locations of the errors
•Chain multiple validators to isolate problems of interest (e.g 2d before 3d)
•Repair option for 3D surfaces and solids

Distribution: 3DPDF, KML/COLLADA

Summary
FME support for 3D & CityGML workflows:
•Reading & writing CityGML and ADE’s
•Translation to / from other 2D or 3D format
•Transformation of schema and geometry
•Validation of schema, geometry and semantics
•Automation and enterprise services Publication of 3D data and analysis services

We live in a Physical World
•We live in a physical world
•We identify with physical objects
•Engineered structures are the focal point and jumping off point for all of the information needed by all of the roles that interact with that structure
•What is the value of this new paradigm?

How the New Paradigm Changes Things
•Reduce Costs
•Reduce Time
•Do things we Couldn’t do Before
•Make Information Accessible to More People
•Empower Business Owners and Subject Matter Experts
•Fewer licenses, less technical labor
•Avoid coordinated schema changes and software releases
•Real time updates, sensor integration, inferencing
•Easily merge and match any data related to an engineered structure
•Directly translate business concepts into IT concepts available on the Internet backbone

A Universal Index of the Physical World
•By treating CityGML as a 3D index to external databases, rather than as data, we can associate at least a million times more data with any structure modeled in CityGML
•By embedding RDF URIs in CityGML as semantic links to external semantic databases, we can create an agile, egalitarian, low-cost, and multidisciplinary uber-database, accessible to everyone over HTTP (no schemas, data models, release cycles, protocols, interfaces, etc.)
•RDF URIs are unambiguous references to things – no more “is this field in this database the same thing as that field in that database?” issues
•No more field formats, codelists, Entity Catalogs, Feature Classes
•Data is actionable the instant it is discovered, without the intervention of specifications and release cycles
•CityGML becomes a Universal Index of the Physical World
Nutshell: Don’t insert your data, insert URIs to your data!

The Value Proposition Of the Universal Index
•Engineering design tools like Revit will not have to become increasingly bloated to accommodate more and more “ancillary” data
•The data can be managed and kept current by subject matter experts
•Cooperation without coordination – merge and match information easily
•M2M “spiders” and “crawlers” can construct a sophisticated business context around the data and generate unique data products

The Power of the Universal Index
•The NTSB collected 34 DVDs and 5,400 pages of documents for this incident.
•You would not want to embed hyperlinks in CityGML for all of the documents.
•You would not want to cram all that ancillary data in an engineering design tool like Revit, either!
•Instead, you want to link the bridge to the documents, not the documents to the bridge
•This establishes a context.
•This can scale exponentially.

What We will Demonstrate
On August 1, 2007, the I-35W bridge in Minneapolis collapsed into the Mississippi River.
The NTSB collected over 5000 pages of documents and 34 DVDs of digital data on the accident.
This makes the bridge an excellent example to demonstrate that using CityGML as an index and embedding URIs in it scales much better (to Big Data scale) than storing hyperlinks and data in the BIM model itself.

What We Did for the Workshop: the Original Bridge
1.We built a digital BIM model of the bridge in Revit off of the original 1965 blueprints.
2.We transformed it into CityGML in FME Desktop.
3.We ontologized a substantial portion of the available documentary evidence.
4.We added URIs for the bridge ad eight of its components to the CityGML model.
5.We prepared exercises that use the SPARQL query language to explore the data relationships
6.We demonstrated that using the CityGML model as an index scales better and builds a richer business context than inserting hyperlinks and data into the model.

What We Did for Workshop: the New Bridge
•We also ontologized the Federal Highway Association’s Inspection Record for the replacement bridge (from an ASCII flat file into RDF).
•The National Bridge Inventory contains a yearly record for each of 300,000 bridges in the US.
•Each record contains 116 fields of data.
•We prepared SPARQL exercises to demonstrate the Universal Index approach provides context around otherwise stove-piped data sources like ASCII flat files and spreadsheets.

Tools Used in the Workshop
•Protégé – Visualize (and edit) ontologies
•Jena ARQ – perform SPARQL queries
•VirtualCityMap– Visualize CityGML and access embedded semantic links
•FME Desktop – Convert BIM to CityGML
•Revit – Visualize (and edit) bridge BIM
•Installation instructions are on the Rev-Mac Blog

I-35 Bridge Workflow: Revit to linked CityGML
1.Bridge BIM created in Revit by DBI Architects
2.Revit Extension - FME Exporter - creates .rvz file
3.FME Workspace: Revit .rvz to CityGML conversion with embedded component uri’s
4.VirtualCitySystems imports CityGML into their 3D City Database
5.RevMac – uses linked data tools / rdf to analyze embedded component data

DBI Architects, Inc.
•Washington DC Metro Area
•Commercial Interiors
•Private Sector
•Public Sector
(Security and Intelligence Agencies)
•Institutional Sectors
•Architecture
•Planning
•Emphasizing Design Technology
•Early Adopters of CAD and BIM Technology
•90% of projects in Autodesk Revit Architecture
•Integrating with BIM clients, partners, and vendors
•Focused on future use of BIM technology for use in A/E/C/O

The Model
Is ‘geometric representation of the original scanned construction document blueprints from 1965
All bridge ‘components’, (ie: concrete pilings, trusses, gusset plates, road surface, etc) were modeled utilizing Autodesk’s Revit Architecture platform.
No structural calculations or algorithms were ‘re- engineered’ within this digital model.
Intent for this exploration was not to digitally ‘re- construct’ each and every component, but to have a ‘geometric representation’ Building Information Model (BIM) to which we would illustrate how to externally link semantic data.
Creating the Digital I35W Bridge

Facts About the I35W Bridge
Construction began in 1965 – completed in 1967
Bridge collapse occurred on Aug 1, 2007
Over 1900 feet long
14 spans – 11 ‘Approach’ Spans (5 South, 6 North)
3 Main Spans
The 3 Main spans are “Deck-Truss” construction
(Structural steel beams support the roadway deck)
9 of the North and South spans are “Multi-Girder Steel”
(Concrete supported by steel I-beams)
2 of the North and South spans were simple Concrete slab
Center span is one single 458-foot steel arch truss with two concrete support piers on the North and South River banks. All other spans were 266 feet in length and were connected to the approach spans by a 38-foot cantilever
Each support pier had two load-bearing concrete pylons at either side capped with roller bearings.
Concrete roadway deck was approx. 113 feet wide and approx. 115 feet above the river
Failure Point – U10 Gusset Plate

FME workflows: BIM to CityGML
Dean

Revit to CityGML Demo: FME Workspace
Read Revit .rvz file (from Revit->addins->FME Exporter)
Georeference / reproject
Schema mapping (feature type, attributes)
Set IDs to define object hierarchies
Set CityGML LOD and Role (lod4MultiSurface)
Add external references (uri’s)
Remove rivets
Write CityGML features

I35 Bridge CityGML: Data Inspector

Conversion Challenges
•BIM too complex for most GIS applications
•Geo-referencing
•File size – instanced geometries (rivets)
•Schema mapping
•which source feature types match citygml ones
•find citygml feature types that are compatible across tools (VCS CityGML 1.0)
•External reference insertion

Conversion Solutions
•FME RVZ reader allows data view selection to limit complexity
•Offset transformers to align data
•FME enhancements
•performance and stability improvements
•64 bit FME improves scalability
•Limit to CityGML 1.0 feature types for now
•Use VolumeCalculator to find, remove rivets
•Creation and insertion of external references

virtualcitySYSTEMS GmbH
CityGML Experts
•Consulting
•Training
•Software Solutions
•Vice-chair of the OGC CityGML SWG
FME Experts
•3D data transformations (to and from CityGML)
•FME training on CityGML/3D data

Why CityGML?
Urban Information Modeling
…is far more than the 3D visualization of reality
Geometry and its visual appearance is only one aspect of a real-world entity
Key issue: Semantic modelling
However: 3D City models are still often seen as being identical with 3D graphics models
e.g., KML/COLLADA, 3DS, 3D PDF, etc.

Exploring the I-35W Bridge
Key ideas:
•Database backend
•Web-based interface
•Link the bridge model to resources from the WWW
•Distributing/Sharing the data

Alex Part II
After VirtualCityMap Demo

It’s All About Context
•OK, you hyperlinked a document to a CityGML architectural component. Great!
•How do people understand your link in context?
•File naming convention?
•Annotation?
•Metadata schema?
•Thousand of elements, mostly null!
Answer: Use URIs, not hyperlinks!

Similar Data Files, Minimal Context: Easy to forget origin, author

The Universal Index of the Physical World IS Big Data for Urban Life!
Imagine billions of URIs in this picture, pointing to quintillions of triples!!!

CityGML as an Index of URIs Universal Index of the Physical World
•Agility (effortless merging and matching)
• Cooperation without Coordination
•Anyone Can say Anything About Anything (“AAA”)
•Polymorphism and “sets, not templates”
•Reduced Costs
•Text over HTTP: the Internet Backbone
•Fewer (or no) software licenses
•Fewer gatekeepers (DBAs, Enterprise Architects)
•Disambiguation
•URIs
•No stove-piped documents
•No more “Does X exist?”
•No more “I found Y. What is it about?”
Scalability (Big Data for 3D Urban Life)

Metcalfe’s Law
Metcalfe's law states that the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system (n2).

The Wheat (Rice) and the Chessboard
18,446,744,073,709,551,615 grains (Mt Everest)
The Wiseman asks as reward for his service to the Emperor to put one grain of rice in the first square on a chessboard
And double the number of grains in each succeeding square
Results in 2^63 grains!

Ray Kurzweil’s “Second Half of the Chessboard”
Big Data
Data
URIs
Database
Attributes
The
Computer
Is on the
Network
The
Network
Is the
Computer
CodeList
Feature
Classes

Linked Open Data Cloud
31 Billion Triples in 2011 (last time counted)

The Bridge in the Linked Open Data Cloud
The bridge component URIs can semantically link to billions of triples!

Why Use a Linked Data Solution?
The amount of data a software engineering design tool can hold
(and how much you could learn to access through menu options)

The amount of data a linked data solution can hold
(potentially a billion times more!)

The amount of data a linked data solution can hold
(potentially a billion times more!)
Benefits
•Constantly Updated
•Include/add comments
•Add comments to comments (allow for discussion threads)
•Attach correspondence, history, conversations

Linked Open Data Principles
•Use URIs to denote things.
•Use HTTP URIs so that these things can be referred to and looked up ("dereferenced") by people and user agents.
•Provide useful information about the thing when its URI is dereferenced, leveraging standards such as RDF, SPARQL.
•Include links to other related things (using their URIs) when publishing data on the Web.

LOD Principles in Action
•DBPedia URI for Bridge
•A Uniform Resource Identifier for the bridge
•http://dbpedia.org/resource/I-35W_Mississippi_River_bridge
•DBPedia URL for RDF data for the bridge
•A static file containing RDF triples about the bridge
•http://dbpedia.org/data/I-35W_Mississippi_River_bridge.n3
•Wikipedia URL for Bridge
•A human-readable HTML document
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-35W_Mississippi_River_bridge
•DBPedia Sparql Endpoint
•Client must submit a SPARQL query
•http://dbpedia.org/sparql?q=“SELECT…”

An engineered structure is at the center of a large network of people who interact with it, each with different roles, responsibilities, abilities, and data
Contractors and Inspectors
Architects and Engineers
Building Owners/Facility Managers
Tenants/Occupants/Users
Engineered Structures Provide a Central Focal Point to Related Information

Software Tools and Data Sources Should Be Tied to Their Corresponding Engineered Structures
A software design and management tool should also be at the focus of this large network
Contractors and Inspectors
Architects and Engineers
Building Owners/Facility Managers
Tenants/Occupants/Users

Why it can Scale Infinitely
URI
URI
URI
URI
ONTOLOGY
Subject
Matter
Experts
Constantly updated and managed by SMEs
To Linked Data Sets
No Release Cycle
CityGML as Index

ETL
Database
ERP
CRM
GIS
BPM
Doc Mgmt
BI/ML
Analytics
Workflow
Transportation
E-Health
E-Gov
Utilities
Homeland Security
Energy
Public Safety
Maintenance/mgmt
Earth Sciences
URI
URI
URI
URI
URI
Tourism
•Wizard driven architecture
•Connects role-specific clouds of information
•All intersect in an engineered structure
To-Be Architecture
•Engineering design
•Browser based
•Server side and desktop software
Tools
Domains

Index (Card Catalog)
Each entry in the card catalog points to a much larger collection of words (an entire book)

URI
URI Objects let us link much more data!
Alex
Subject
vs
No “context” for “Donuts”
Recipe Info
Ingredients
Nutritional Info
Market Share Info
Triples Were Born To Point to Other Things Across the Internet
URI
Predicate
Literal
Donuts
Object
Likes
URI
Alex
Subject
URI
Predicate
URI
Donuts
Object
Likes
Much larger “context” for “Donuts”!

SPARQL Commands Bring Internet Resources to Your Desktop
DESCRIBE
Returns triples
SELECT
Returns bound variables (as text, JSON or XML)
ASK – perfect for alerts
Returns true/false
CONSTRUCT – perfect for sensors
Returns a graph of your own design

List of Public Ontologies That Help Link Other Ontologies
•VOID
•describes links between data sets
•SIOC (pronounced “shock”)
•describes software projects
•SourceForge, github, Maven, etc use it
•FOAF
•describes “friend of a friend”
•Used on thousands of websites; drupal module too.
•Dublin Core
•describes documents and the people related to them
•Author, publisher, contributor etc.

What Rev-Mac is Doing with CityGML and RDF
•Create wizard driven architecture that automates the creation of URIs in 3D engineering software
•Create wizard driven architecture that explores URIs, in 3D engineering software
•Create wizard driven architecture that allows people to edit, manage and add semantic links in 3D engineering software

The Power of RDF Context: Google Hit List v. Google Rich Snippets
Search “Lenses”
Web pages have no RDF in them
Google returns simple hit list
Movie sites have RDF embedded in their web pages (ignored by your browser)
Google returns awesome showtime chart!
Search “Movies at Reston Town Center”

The Power of RDF: Note the “callout box” on the right

Exercise 07: Describe Bridge from DBPedia

Exercise 07 Return: Thousands of Triples! (This is just a snippet showing the Callout Box)
Just the triples that make the “Callout Box” are shown. Triples in many languages!

NS: As-Is Software Lifecycle Not Agile, Release-Bound)

Polymorphism: What Else Could this Bridge Be?
•Bridge
•Structure
•Construction Project
•Disaster
•Asset
•Source of Noise Pollution
•Job Creator
•Infrastructure
•Evacuation Route
•Highway Segment
•Historical Monument
•Hazardous Area (Pedestrian-Free Zone)
•EPA Site
A Feature Class/Entity Catalog/Code List nightmare!!!!

Polymorphism: I am a…
•Son
•Husband
•Employee
•Owner
•Director
•Licensed Driver
•Licensed Ham
•All of these could be asserted on different sites
•RDF was made for this situation. Object oriented programming and relational databases were not!

Polymorphism: "Cooperation Without Coordination"
Classes
---------
owl:NamedIndividual
owl:Thing
<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/ArchitecturalStructure>
<http://umbel.org/umbel/rc/Bridge>
<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/RouteOfTransportation>
<http://umbel.org/umbel/rc/Building>
<http://www.opengis.net/gml/_Feature>
<http://schema.org/Place>
<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Place>
<http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#SpatialThing>
<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Wikidata:Q532>
<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Bridge>
<http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/d0.owl#Location>
<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Infrastructure>
DBPedia recognizes 14 classes for the original bridge
Six are from other websites. No need to exchange schemas.

A Tale of Two Bridges
•The Original Bridge Fell
•Bridge
•Collapse Event
•Finite Element Analyses
•Documentary Evidence
•Force Summary Spreadsheet
•The New Bridge Gets Inspected Annually
•Bridge
•Inspection Event
•National Bridge Inventory Record
•116 Observations

Has Design Element
Design
Element
Field Report
Bridge
Bridge Component
Truss
Blueprint
FEA
FEA . . .
Ontology:
The Old Bridge
Gusset Plate
Design
Element
Analysis
Element

Thing
text
MT Guide
Nat’l Bridge Inventory Record
Nat’l Bridge Inspection
Record
Has Build Date
Civil Engineering Structure
Bridge
?
?
?/?
Observation
Ontology:
The New Bridge
Belongs to Bridge
Has Value

Protégé Class View (“Truss” Selected)
Note that there are 7 Individual Trusses modeled (the purple diamonds)

Individuals View (“Collapse” Shown)

Individuals View (“Bridge_Original_9340” Shown)

FEA Force Summary Spreadsheet (We ontologized it)
Become “AnalyticalElement” and “DesignElement” classes, hasFx etc Data Properties

Individuals View (AnalyticalElement Shown)
“DesignElements” are very similar. We can summarize As-Built/Failed!!

Force Summary (Turn it back into a spreadsheet)

Return: Spreadsheet As-designed and as-failed Loads
Compare these values to the original Excel spreadsheet
But as RDF graph data it has context (bridge, author, date, FEA, Final Report, etc.)

National Bridge Inventory Website
(ASCII files are available on this site)

NBI Encoding Guide (We ontologized it)
The ontologized document is now part of a much larger context
We can turn spreadsheets into RDF object graphs and vice- versa
But only as an RDF object graph can the data become part of a larger context

Alex - Review
•Our Team has Developed the answer to Integrating static objects with continuous updates from the web
•CityGML is the standard of the future and we are at the forefront of building a virtual world that is live
•Our world is complex – Rev-Mac can link it live
•What’s Next – Transitioning live models to Augmented Reality !
•Join us on our web site www.rev-mac.com
•http://www.rev- mac.com/bridge_workshop/index.html

Summary
•CityGML - Ideal for 3D modeling and data exchange
•FME – Ideal tool to support 3D & CityGML with conversion, transformation and automation
•3D BIM data, once exported via CityGML, opens up a wide array of uses and applications
•Transforming the I-35 Bridge from BIM to CityGML with embedded uri’s frees BIM for many more uses
•CityGML as a universal index of the physical world
•Don’t insert your data, insert URIs to your data
•Linked models allow better management of complex infrastructure and its risks

Contacts
Raj: RBanga@dbia.com
Lutz: lross@virtualcitysystems.de
Alex: alex.karman@rev-mac.com
Dean: dean@safe.com

Links
DBIA
www.dbia.com
Virtual City Systems
www.virtualcitysystems.de
Revolutionary Machines
www.rev-mac.com
Safe Software
www.safe.com

Resources
Virtual City Systems Demo
http://hosting.virtualcitysystems.de/demos/interstate-35bridge/
FME Readers & Writers (CityGML Tutorial)
http://docs.safe.com/fme/reader_writerPDF/citygml.pdf
CityGML specifications
http://opengeospatial.org/standards/citygml
CityGML.org (Thomas Kolbe, etc)
www.citygml.org/fileadmin/citygml/docs/CityGML_Tutorial_Kolbe_Internet.pdf
Safe.com
http://safe.com/solutions/for-data-types/3d/
FMEPedia
http://fmepedia.safe.com/topic/3D

BIM Conversion & Analysis Workshop: Story of the I-35W Bridge Collapse

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BIM Conversion & Analysis Workshop: Story of the I-35W Bridge Collapse