Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are systems for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing spatial and geographic data and information. A GIS allows users to create interactive queries (user-created searches), analyze spatial information, edit data in maps, and present the results of all these operations. Key components of a GIS include geographic data, hardware, software, and personnel with GIS skills. GIS has many applications, including land information systems, land use and thematic mapping, environmental impact assessments, facility management, health care analysis, forestry and wildlife tracking, waste land development, groundwater resource management, urban and town planning, and more.
What is GIS ?
Dimensions Modeling in GIS ?
GIS Models real word(Raster, Vector)
GIS Challenges ? Data and Tech.
GIS Functionality
Building information modeling (BIM) ?
GIS Components
Spatial Data
What is GIS ?
Dimensions Modeling in GIS ?
GIS Models real word(Raster, Vector)
GIS Challenges ? Data and Tech.
GIS Functionality
Building information modeling (BIM) ?
GIS Components
Spatial Data
Perhaps the most important component of a GIS is in the part of data used in GIS. The data for GIS can be derived from various sources. A wide variety of data sources exist for both spatial and attribute data.
GIS (Geographic Information System): is computer assisted system used for collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purpose.
Mumbai University, T.Y.B.Sc.(I.T.), Semester VI, Principles of Geographic Information System, USIT604, Discipline Specific Elective Unit 2: Data Management and Processing System
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Perhaps the most important component of a GIS is in the part of data used in GIS. The data for GIS can be derived from various sources. A wide variety of data sources exist for both spatial and attribute data.
GIS (Geographic Information System): is computer assisted system used for collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purpose.
Mumbai University, T.Y.B.Sc.(I.T.), Semester VI, Principles of Geographic Information System, USIT604, Discipline Specific Elective Unit 2: Data Management and Processing System
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
3. WHAT IS G I S ?
GEOGRAPHIC
Geography (from the Greek word Geo (γη)
means "Earth", and graphein (γραφειν)
meaning "to describe" or "to write“ or "to
map") is the study of the earth and its
features, inhabitants, and phenomena.
A literal translation would be "to describe or
write about the Earth". Features can be
calculated, in terms of Geographic
coordinates (Latitude, Longitude)
4.
5. INFORMATION implies that the
data in a GIS are organized to yield
useful knowledge, often as colored
maps and images, but also as
statistical graphics, tables, and
various on-screen responses to
interactive queries.
6. SYSTEM
implies that a GIS is made up from
several inter-related and linked
components with different functions.
Thus, GIS have functional capabilities
for data capture, input, query, analysis,
modeling, manipulation, transformation,
visualization, combinations and output.
7. It is an automated tool to ....
* Capture
* Storage
* Retrieve
* Manipulate (Integration)
* Both spatial and aspatial data
* To create various planning scenarios
for decision making
Geographical Information System
Imagery
Elevation
Geodetic Control
Boundaries
Surface Waters
Transportation
Land Ownership
Gas Lines
Sewer Lines
Water Lines
Power Grid
Demographics
Flood Zones
8. Canada developed the first and really operational
GIS. It was called Canada Geographical
Information System or CGIS and was being used in
1960 to save, manipulate and study the data
gathered for Canada Land Inventory.
The computer mapping software gives researchers
the ability to scan, overlay and measure
geographical places.
The CGIS lasted up to the 90′s but was never
marketed as a product.
CGIS
9. Analog vs Digital GIS
Geographic data are generally available in two forms: analog
data and digital data. Analog data is a physical product
displaying information visually on paper, e.g. maps.
Digital data is information on computer readable form, e.g.
satellite data
11. MAPS AND MAP ELEMENTS
Maps are graphic representation of our perception
of the world around us.
They represent cartographic interpretation
and simplification of reality.
Maps contains features such as
POINT
LINE
AREA
SURFACE
12. MAPS AND MAP ELEMENTS
Maps provide Location information:
Location information is graphically represented as points,
lines and Polygons.
Maps contain POINT features, LINE features and Polygon
features
- wells - Cart track - Abadi area
- control points - Metaled Road - Tank
- Temple - Streams - Parcel Bound
- Culvert/Bridge - Railway lines - forest areas
14. Line Features
nLines (Arcs) are a series of geographic
coordinates joined to form a line such
as:
– Road
– Stream
– Railway
15. Polygon Features
iPolygons are a series of geographic
coordinates joined together to form a
boundary such as:
– Tank
– Parcel
16. Thematic layers contain features
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17. ATTRIBUTE DATA
Attributes can be numeric or alfa-numeric
data that is assigned to a point, line or
area spatial features
Example Attributes…
Survey No, Area (ha/acres) , Irrigated
area, Type of land, Tax, Source of
Irrigation, Khata No., Pattadar Name etc.,
19. Spatial Data Models
• Vector formats
– Discrete representations of reality
• Raster formats
– Use square cells to model reality
Reality
(A highway)
X,Y
Rows
Columns
X,Y
X,Y X,Y X,Y
20.
21. Advantages and Disadvantages
of Raster Data Model
Advantages
• Data analysis is easy and quick to perform
• Ability to store continuous surface data, hence easy to
process surface analysis.
• The uniform structure permits the user to perform
various analyses such as query, re-class, overlay etc.
• Point, line and polygon features can be combined.
• Lossy and lossless compressions can be done for data
storage.
• The cost of application software is cheaper.
• High spatial variability is easily represented.
22. Disadvantages
• Datasets are larger in size
• Providing projection and transformation is tougher
• Topological representation cannot be done.
• Cell size determines the objects that can be shown
• Linear features are hard to represent and so
network analysis cannot be carried out in raster
data model.
• Stores only single attribute for a cell.
• Errors in perimeter and shape.
23. Advantages and Disadvantages
of Vector Data Model
Advantages
• Data will be represented in its original form.
• Since most of the hard copy maps such as SOI maps, represent the
data in vector form, it will be easy to show the data in vector format
than in raster.
• Correct geographic location of the data is maintained.
• Topological construction can be carried out easily for checking
adjacency, containment, analyzing the network etc.
• Occupies less storage space.
• One layer can consist of more attribute information. Hence it
occupies lesser memory space.
• Projection and transformation can be done easily to the vector data.
24. Disadvantages
Data structure is complex to build.
Analyses are hard to perform.
Needs higher end software for complex analysis.
Needs costly software and hardware for vector analysis
Point, line and polygon layers can be overlaid in a single
coordinate system.
25. Analysis
Which parcels are
within 50 feet of the road?
Well type Drilled
Building owner Smith
Soil type Sandy
Proximity
Overlay
Network
26. Geo Spatial Software
• Overview of COTS & FOSS4G
• Geo Web Services & Mobile GIS
• GIS Portals
• Trends in GIS
27. COMMERCIAL OF THE SELF (COTS)
SOFTWARE
COTS refer to commercial-of-the-self, the
products under this category can be
purchased and are licensed for use by the
purchaser. The COTS software products are
developed and configured by the vendor for
a specific use.
28. Advantages of COTS
strength of COTS includes better reliability ,
maintenance by the use of proper
documentation, reduced delivery schedule,
higher quality and higher complexity with
simplified and user friendly usage, moreover
the products are developed as per market
need and are tried and tested by various
existing industries.
29. Software specific to GIS
There are many COTS packages available
in market for application of geospatial
domain. The GIS marketplace has four key
vendors that deliver "generic" platforms:
ESRI, Intergraph, Autodesk, and GE
Energy. Other software leaders include IBM,
Leica Geosystems, & MapInfo.
30. Free and Open Source Software
for GIS (FOSS4G)
Free Open Source software for GIS
(FOSS4G) refers to the software packages
available as freely downloadable from
internet along with the source code and
providing freedom of its usage and
reproducing and publishing it.
There is no single owner of FOSS4G
software packages, it is maintained by the
volunteers who offer their services free of
cost.
31. Software specific to GIS
There are many open source software for
GIS domain available for free download from
internet. Quantum GIS is one of the most
popular FOSS4G software package. Some
of the other packages under this category
are uDig, gvSIG, SAGA, Grass, Gram++,
OpenJump, TerraView and Kosmos etc.
32. Advantages of FOSS4G
One of the most striking package of FOS4G package is that
it available as free download along with the source code.
Apart from this the other advantages include decreasing
software cost with increasing security and stability along
with giving user the control over their own hardware.
It also provide freedom from the monopoly and
proprietorship of a particular vendor. Apart from this the
technical support group of open source is very vast. Also
notable is the transparency of the bug-reporting and fixing
process.
33. Disadvantages of FOSS4G
As far disadvantages are concerned there
are few, to list them it is required to know the
know-how of installation, drawback is also
the limited availability and consistency of
documentation and sometimes training costs
for users will emerge similar to proprietary
products.
34. To address the data interoperability issues
in GIS, the Open Geospatial Consortium
(OGC) has introduced standards by
publishing specifications for the GIS
services. In OGC web services
specifications, the GIS data is published in
various service specifications like Web Map
Services (WMS), Web Feature Services
(WFS), and Web Coverage Services (WFS)
etc.
GEO-WEB SERVICES AND MOBILE GIS
35. Mobile GIS
The Mobile GIS is an integration of three
technologies viz. Mobile computing, wireless
communication and GIS.
The major challenges in Mobile GIS
implementation includes availability of less
bandwidth in wireless network, diversity of
mobile devices, limited computation and
storage capability of mobile devices and
diversity in mobile platforms.
36. Applications of Mobile GIS
• Location Based Services (LBS)
• Real time mapping
• Crowdsourcing or public participation in
GIS
• Field data collection for GIS
• Situational awareness
• Real time traffic monitoring system
• Real time vehicle tracking and monitoring
system
37. GIS PORTALS
GIS based web portals provides a
centralized and uniform interface to access
the distributed and heterogeneous
resources and data services. These are
designed for specific theme and are targeted
to specific class of users.
38.
39. TRENDS OF GIS
• Public Participatory GIS
• AI/ML
• Sensor Web (IoT)
• High Performance Computing in GIS
• Cloud GIS
40. GIS APPLICATIONS
• LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM
• LAND USE AND THEMATIC MAPPING
• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS
• FACILITY MANAGEMENT
• HEALTH CARE, DISEASE PROFILE
• FORESTRY AND WILD LIFE TRACKING
• WASTE LAND DEVELOPMENT
• GROUND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
• URBAN AND TOWN PLANNING
• BUSINESS AND RETAILS
• DEFENCE
