The document discusses integrating building information models (BIM) with geographic information systems (GIS). It outlines several challenges with information exchange between different software used in construction and urban management. It then reviews potential approaches to integration including using standards like IFC and GML, mapping data to common data models, and different system architectures like using application programming interfaces (APIs), physical file exchange, or storing data in databases.

1. Integrating Building Information Models with Geographic Information Systems The Technology Review Umit Isikdag, Prof.Ghassan Aouad Dr. Jason Underwood, Dr. Nigel Trodd

2. The Problem Exchange of information in an effective way between different types of software that’s used throughout the construction life cycle and in the domain of urban management

11. THE TECHNOLGY REVIEW PART 1 GIS

14. The architecture of Geographical Information Systems Spatial DBMS Raster and Vector Data Files GIS GATEWAY GIS Web Server Web Services GIS Software Data Conversion Tools GIS APIs Client Applications Client Applications Web Browsers Data Layer

15. THE TECHNOLGY REVIEW PART 2 IFC

17. The Structure of the STEP and IFC

18. Structure of STEP Description Methods EXPRESS, EXPRESS-G IDEF1x ,NIAM, Integrated Resources Common Model Subsets Application Protocols Meta Models Application Reference Model (Defined by EXPRESS-G) Application Interpreted Model (EXPRESS) Implementation Methods Physical Files Structures(21) File Access Methods(22) Conformance Test assesses the implementation

19. IFC Schema = The Meta Model Meta Model file is called IFC Schema Meta Model file holds the IFC entities IFC entities contain descriptive information about IfcObjects. Meta Model is defined by EXPRESS The meta model file has the .exp extension ENTITY IfcOrganizationRelationship; Name : IfcLabel; Description : OPTIONAL IfcText; RelatingOrganization : IfcOrganization; RelatedOrganizations : SET [1:?] OF IfcOrganization; END_ENTITY;

20. IFC Physical File Physical Model file is called IFC file Physical Model file holds the IFC objects Physical Model is defined by STEP Standard Part 21 The physical model file has the .ifc extension #42 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION (#26, 'Axis', 'Curve2D', (#41)); #43 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT ((0., 0.)); #44 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT ((2000., 0.)); #45 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT ((1760.000005364418, 239.999994635582)); #46 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT ((-239.999994635582, 239.999994635582)); #47 = IFCPOLYLINE ((#43, #44, #45, #46, #43)); #48 = IFCARBITRARYCLOSEDPROFILEDEF (.AREA., $, #47);

21. IFC Information Exchange Architectures

22. Information Exchange with IFCs IFC file (STEP-P21) XCAD YCAD Level1:Data sharing between applications using building information models as physical files

23. Information Exchange with IFCs Level 2: Accessing the IFCs through APIs IFC File (STEP-P21) IFC API SDAI API XCAD Client B YCAD Client A

25. Express Databases I am an Express Database I can interpret STEP meta models I can store STEP compliant models IFC Meta Model (Schema) (ISO10303) IFC File (ISO10303-P21)

27. Alternative types of architectures Yes Yes, Database Schema Yes/No No Need for the schema No Yes (DB API)/No RDBMS ODBMS Storing IFCs in RDBMS / ODBMS Yes Building.ifc Accessing IFC with APIs EDBMS Building.ifc Data stored in form of.. Yes (DB API) Storing IFCs in EDBMS No IFC Physical File Exchange Need for an API to get information Architecture Type

28. Conclusion Several Possible System Architectures Physical File Level Database Level Application Level

29. Physical File Level: File Conversion IFC Physical File GIS Vector Data Files GML

30. Database Level :Database Integration Spatial DBMS EXPRESS DBMS API GML to IFC(XSLT) IFC to GML(API) RDBMS API API or GML ODBMS

31. Application Level Integration 1 Scope: Model Based Construction Focus: Building Information Model EXPRESS DBMS IFC/IFG SCHEMA IFC/IFG File (STEP-P21) SDAI API Database API Clients using IFC and GIS Data Spatial DBMS Raster and Vector Data Files GIS GATEWAY Web Services GIS Client Applications (APIs ,Data Conversion Tools ,GIS Software) GML GML WMS/WFS IFC API Web Services Data Conversion and Transfer Tier GIS Data Conversion API XSLT

32. Application Level Integration 2 Scope: Urban Management Focus: Geographic Information System EXPRESS DBMS IFC SCHEMA IFC/IFG File (STEP-P21) SDAI API Database API Clients using GIS and IFC Data IFC API Web Services Translation APIs Spatial DBMS Raster and Vector Data Files GIS GATEWAY Web Services GIS Client Applications (APIs ,Data Conversion Tools ,GIS Software) GML GML WMS/WFS

33. Finally, IFC is a project driven approach for information management IFC enable interoperability through the project life cycle GISs have an infrastructure driven approach GISs enable interoperability in urban modelling and management Urban Planning & Management (GIS) IFC IFC IFC Construction Project Life Cycle (IFC Based Information Systems) Geo-info. Geo-info

35. Thanks for listening…

36. NEW APPROACHES

37. New Approaches: Mapping the IFCs to XML Ifc MetaModel (IFC2x.exp) Ifc Model (Building.ifc) Ifc MetaModel XML Schema (IFC2x.xsd) Ifc Model XML (Building.xml)

38. New Approaches: Mapping the IFCs to XML Ifc MetaModel XML Schema (IFC2x2.xsd) Ifc Model XML (Building.xml) XML Database

39. Alternative types of architectures Yes/No Building.xml Ifc.xsd New Approach: Storing IfcXML in XMLDB Ifc.xsd Ifc.exp Ifc.exp, Database Schema Ifc.exp Ifc.exp Schema No RDBMS/ ODBMS Storing IFCs in ODBMS / RDBMS Yes Building.ifc Accessing IFC with APIs Building.xml EDBMS Building.ifc Data stored in form of.. Yes (DOM.SAX) New Approach:IfcXML Yes (DB API) Storing IFCs in EDBMS No IFC Physical File Exchange Need for an API to get information Architecture Type

40. Physical File Level: Conversion Mirror IFC Physical File IfcXML Physical File GIS Vector Data Files GML

41. Database Level :Database Integration Spatial DBMS EXPRESS DBMS XML Database GML IFC XML API GML to IFC(XSLT) IFC to GML(API) RDBMS API or IFCXML API or GML ODBMS