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Course 8-Unit 3: Perfect modals meaning and form. adjust.

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Martin Caicedo
Martin Caicedo

The document discusses perfect modal verbs, which combine a modal verb like "should", "could", "may", etc. with the auxiliary "have" and a past participle verb. It explains that the meaning of sentences changes depending on which modal verb is used. Should+have expresses regret about past actions, while would/could/may/might+have speculate about possible past situations. Examples are provided to illustrate expressing regret with "should have" and speculation with modal verbs like "would have".

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PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s remember something first… Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s remember something first… Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s remember something first… Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) I HAVE STUDIED FOR 3 YEARS.
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s remember something first… Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) I HAVE STUDIED FOR 3 YEARS.
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s remember something first… Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) I HAVE STUDIED FOR 3 YEARS. Yo HE ESTUDIADO por 3 años
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Now, let’s see the same structure but with the Modal Verb (should, could, may, might, must)…
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form) Modal Verbs
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form) Modal Verbs HAVE (haber)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form) Modal Verbs HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form) Modal Verbs HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle This sentence is affirmative!
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form) Modal Verbs HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle This sentence is affirmative! Shouldn’t = negative Should Colombia have won…? = Interrogative
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning (debería) (haber) (ganado)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning (debería) (haber) (ganado) (but unfortunately, it didn’t)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning (debería) (haber) (ganado) We use should + have + verb in past participle to express regrets about past actions. (but unfortunately, it didn’t)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning (debería) (haber) (ganado) We use should + have + verb in past participle to express regrets about past actions. (Usamos should + have + verb in past participle para expresar “pesar” o “lamentar” acciones pasadas) (but unfortunately, it didn’t)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) If I use the modal verb… … it will mean… SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) If I use the modal verb… … it will mean… SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE Regrets about past actions (Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones pasadas)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) If I use the modal verb… … it will mean… I failed the test!! I should have studied more... …but unfortunately, I didn’t. SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE Regrets about past actions (Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones pasadas)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) If I use the modal verb… … it will mean… I failed the test!! I should have studied more... (Perdí el test!! Debí haber estudiado mas) …but unfortunately, I didn’t. SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE Regrets about past actions (Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones pasadas)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean… Regrets about past actions (Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones pasadas) My car broke down!! I shouldn’t have bought it... …but unfortunately, I did. If I use the modal verb… SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean… Regrets about past actions (Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones pasadas) My car broke down!! I shouldn’t have bought it... (Mi carró se varó!! No Debí haberlo compardo) …but unfortunately, I did. If I use the modal verb… SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE I should have bought that house. I would have been happy there.
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE I should have bought that house. I would have been happy there. (Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE I should have bought that house. I would have been happy there. (Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí) I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened. (No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación de lo que hubiera pasado)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE I should have bought that house. I would have been happy there. (Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí) NOTE!!!: Normally WOULD HAVE translates “HUBIERA” in Spanish. I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened. (No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación de lo que hubiera pasado)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE This computer is terrible!! I could have bought a different computer.
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE This computer is terrible!! I could have bought a different computer. I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened. (No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación de lo que hubiera pasado)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE This computer is terrible!! I could have bought a different computer. (Este computador es terrible! Pude/podría haber comprado un computador diferente) I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened. (No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación de lo que hubiera pasado)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE Our cousin Jake is sick. He may have eaten rotten food.
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE Our cousin Jake is sick. He may have eaten rotten food. I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened. (No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación de lo que hubiera pasado)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE Our cousin Jake is sick. He may have eaten rotten food. (Nuesetro primo Jake esta enfermo. Él pudo haber comido comida podrida) I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened. (No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación de lo que hubiera pasado)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Draw conclusions about the past (Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado) MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Draw conclusions about the past (Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado) MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE David has a nice car. It must have cost a lot of money.
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Draw conclusions about the past (Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado) MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE David has a nice car. It must have cost a lot of money. Probably. But, I don’t know for sure. It’s a conclusion a draw. (Probablemente. Pero no lo se. Es una conclusión que saco)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Draw conclusions about the past (Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado) MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE David has a nice car. It must have cost a lot of money. (David tiene un lindo carro. Debe haber costado mucho dinero) Probably. But, I don’t know for sure. It’s a conclusion a draw. (Probablemente. Pero no lo se. Es una conclusión que saco)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Draw conclusions about the past (Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado) MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Carl failed the test. He must not have studied enough. (Carl perdió el test. Él no debió haber estudiado suficiente) Probably. But, I don’t know for sure. It’s a conclusion a draw. (Probablemente. Pero no lo se. Es una conclusión que saco)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize….
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize….
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Modal Verbs are: Should Would Could May Might Must
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Modal Verbs are: Should Would Could May Might Must Perfect Tenses uses “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Modal Verbs are: Should Would Could May Might Must Perfect Tenses uses “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Modal Verbs are: Should Would Could May Might Must Perfect Tenses uses “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Should Would Could May Might Must
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Modal Verbs are: Should Would Could May Might Must Perfect Tenses uses “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Should Would Could May Might Must “HAVE” (Haber: Yo he… Tu has… Él ha.. Etc…)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Modal Verbs are: Should Would Could May Might Must Perfect Tenses uses “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Should Would Could May Might Must “HAVE” (Haber: Yo he… Tu has… Él ha.. Etc…) Verb  Past Participle Eat  Eaten Go  Gone Come  Come Write  Written Study  Studied
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modals in Affirmative I should have gone to the movies Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modals in Affirmative Perfect Modals in NegativeI should have gone to the movies Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle I shouldn’t have gone to the movies
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modals in Affirmative Perfect Modals in Negative Perfect Modals in Interrogative I should have gone to the movies Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle I shouldn’t have gone to the movies Should I have gone to the movies?
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Depending on the Perfect Modal we use the meaning is different (Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Depending on the Perfect Modal we use the meaning is different (Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto) If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Depending on the Perfect Modal we use the meaning is different (Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto) If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD COULD MAY MIGHT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Depending on the Perfect Modal we use the meaning is different (Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto) If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD COULD MAY MIGHT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE I have eaten burritos, lechona and tamales..
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE I have eaten burritos, lechona and tamales.. …now, I have a terrible stomachache…
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE I have eaten burritos, lechona and tamales.. …now, I have a terrible stomachache… I shouldn’t have eaten so much food!
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE I have eaten burritos, lechona and tamales.. …now, I have a terrible stomachache… I shouldn’t have eaten so much food! I regreat having eaten so much food! Bu unfortunately, I did. (Me arrepiento haber comido tanta comida! Pero desafortunadamente, lo hice.)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT My job is so boring, and I don’t make much money…
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT My job is so boring, and I don’t make much money… …I should have studied medicine…
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT My job is so boring, and I don’t make much money… …I should have studied medicine… I regreat not having studied medicine! But unfortunately, I didn’t. (Me arrepiento haber estudiado medicina Pero desafortunadamente, no lo hice.)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT My job is so boring, and I don’t make much money… …I should have studied medicine… … I would/could/may/might have been so happy and rich! I regreat not having studied medicine! But unfortunately, I didn’t. (Me arrepiento haber estudiado medicina Pero desafortunadamente, no lo hice.)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT My job is so boring, and I don’t make much money… …I should have studied medicine… … I would/could/may/might have been so happy and rich! I regreat not having studied medicine! But unfortunately, I didn’t. (Me arrepiento haber estudiado medicina Pero desafortunadamente, no lo hice.) I think (speculate) that if I had studied medicine, I would have been rich and happy (Creo (especulo) que si yo hubiera estudiado medicina, hubiera sido rico y feliz)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Why is Mark sleeping here? It’s working time!
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Why is Mark sleeping here? It’s working time! He mustn’t have had enough time to sleep
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Why is Mark sleeping here? It’s working time! He mustn’t have had enough time to sleep He must have gone party last night!.
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Why is Mark sleeping here? It’s working time! He mustn’t have had enough time to sleep He must have gone party last night!.The fact (El hecho)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Why is Mark sleeping here? It’s working time! He mustn’t have had enough time to sleep He must have gone party last night!.The fact (El hecho)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Why is Mark sleeping here? It’s working time! He mustn’t have had enough time to sleep He must have gone party last night!.The fact (El hecho) These are the conclusions drawn from the fact (Estas son las conclusiones sacadas del hecho)
PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Thank you!!!

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Course 8-Unit 3: Perfect modals meaning and form. adjust.

  • 2. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s remember something first… Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle)
  • 3. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s remember something first… Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle)
  • 4. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s remember something first… Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) I HAVE STUDIED FOR 3 YEARS.
  • 5. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s remember something first… Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) I HAVE STUDIED FOR 3 YEARS.
  • 6. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s remember something first… Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) I HAVE STUDIED FOR 3 YEARS. Yo HE ESTUDIADO por 3 años
  • 7. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Now, let’s see the same structure but with the Modal Verb (should, could, may, might, must)…
  • 8. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form)
  • 9. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form)
  • 10. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form) Modal Verbs
  • 11. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form) Modal Verbs HAVE (haber)
  • 12. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form) Modal Verbs HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle
  • 13. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form) Modal Verbs HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle This sentence is affirmative!
  • 14. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form) Modal Verbs HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle This sentence is affirmative! Shouldn’t = negative Should Colombia have won…? = Interrogative
  • 15. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning (debería) (haber) (ganado)
  • 16. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning (debería) (haber) (ganado) (but unfortunately, it didn’t)
  • 17. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning (debería) (haber) (ganado) We use should + have + verb in past participle to express regrets about past actions. (but unfortunately, it didn’t)
  • 18. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals Modal Verbs Should Could May Might Must Perfect Tense Auxiliary HAVE (haber) Verb in Past Participle Study (base form) Studied (in Past Participle) Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011 Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning (debería) (haber) (ganado) We use should + have + verb in past participle to express regrets about past actions. (Usamos should + have + verb in past participle para expresar “pesar” o “lamentar” acciones pasadas) (but unfortunately, it didn’t)
  • 19. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)
  • 20. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) If I use the modal verb… … it will mean… SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 21. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) If I use the modal verb… … it will mean… SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE Regrets about past actions (Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones pasadas)
  • 22. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) If I use the modal verb… … it will mean… I failed the test!! I should have studied more... …but unfortunately, I didn’t. SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE Regrets about past actions (Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones pasadas)
  • 23. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) If I use the modal verb… … it will mean… I failed the test!! I should have studied more... (Perdí el test!! Debí haber estudiado mas) …but unfortunately, I didn’t. SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE Regrets about past actions (Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones pasadas)
  • 24. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean… Regrets about past actions (Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones pasadas) My car broke down!! I shouldn’t have bought it... …but unfortunately, I did. If I use the modal verb… SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 25. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean… Regrets about past actions (Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones pasadas) My car broke down!! I shouldn’t have bought it... (Mi carró se varó!! No Debí haberlo compardo) …but unfortunately, I did. If I use the modal verb… SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 26. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 27. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 28. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE I should have bought that house. I would have been happy there.
  • 29. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE I should have bought that house. I would have been happy there. (Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí)
  • 30. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE I should have bought that house. I would have been happy there. (Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí) I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened. (No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación de lo que hubiera pasado)
  • 31. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE I should have bought that house. I would have been happy there. (Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí) NOTE!!!: Normally WOULD HAVE translates “HUBIERA” in Spanish. I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened. (No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación de lo que hubiera pasado)
  • 32. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE This computer is terrible!! I could have bought a different computer.
  • 33. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE This computer is terrible!! I could have bought a different computer. I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened. (No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación de lo que hubiera pasado)
  • 34. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE This computer is terrible!! I could have bought a different computer. (Este computador es terrible! Pude/podría haber comprado un computador diferente) I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened. (No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación de lo que hubiera pasado)
  • 35. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE Our cousin Jake is sick. He may have eaten rotten food.
  • 36. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE Our cousin Jake is sick. He may have eaten rotten food. I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened. (No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación de lo que hubiera pasado)
  • 37. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Speculate about the past (Especular sobre el pasado) WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE Our cousin Jake is sick. He may have eaten rotten food. (Nuesetro primo Jake esta enfermo. Él pudo haber comido comida podrida) I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened. (No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación de lo que hubiera pasado)
  • 38. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 39. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Draw conclusions about the past (Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado) MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 40. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Draw conclusions about the past (Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado) MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE David has a nice car. It must have cost a lot of money.
  • 41. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Draw conclusions about the past (Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado) MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE David has a nice car. It must have cost a lot of money. Probably. But, I don’t know for sure. It’s a conclusion a draw. (Probablemente. Pero no lo se. Es una conclusión que saco)
  • 42. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Draw conclusions about the past (Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado) MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE David has a nice car. It must have cost a lot of money. (David tiene un lindo carro. Debe haber costado mucho dinero) Probably. But, I don’t know for sure. It’s a conclusion a draw. (Probablemente. Pero no lo se. Es una conclusión que saco)
  • 43. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different… (Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente) … it will mean…If I use the modal verb… Draw conclusions about the past (Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado) MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Carl failed the test. He must not have studied enough. (Carl perdió el test. Él no debió haber estudiado suficiente) Probably. But, I don’t know for sure. It’s a conclusion a draw. (Probablemente. Pero no lo se. Es una conclusión que saco)
  • 44. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize….
  • 45. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize….
  • 46. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form
  • 47. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Modal Verbs are: Should Would Could May Might Must
  • 48. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Modal Verbs are: Should Would Could May Might Must Perfect Tenses uses “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
  • 49. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Modal Verbs are: Should Would Could May Might Must Perfect Tenses uses “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
  • 50. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Modal Verbs are: Should Would Could May Might Must Perfect Tenses uses “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Should Would Could May Might Must
  • 51. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Modal Verbs are: Should Would Could May Might Must Perfect Tenses uses “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Should Would Could May Might Must “HAVE” (Haber: Yo he… Tu has… Él ha.. Etc…)
  • 52. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Modal Verbs are: Should Would Could May Might Must Perfect Tenses uses “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Should Would Could May Might Must “HAVE” (Haber: Yo he… Tu has… Él ha.. Etc…) Verb  Past Participle Eat  Eaten Go  Gone Come  Come Write  Written Study  Studied
  • 53. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
  • 54. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modals in Affirmative I should have gone to the movies Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
  • 55. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modals in Affirmative Perfect Modals in NegativeI should have gone to the movies Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle I shouldn’t have gone to the movies
  • 56. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modals in Affirmative Perfect Modals in Negative Perfect Modals in Interrogative I should have gone to the movies Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle I shouldn’t have gone to the movies Should I have gone to the movies?
  • 57. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle
  • 58. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Depending on the Perfect Modal we use the meaning is different (Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto)
  • 59. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Depending on the Perfect Modal we use the meaning is different (Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto) If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 60. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Depending on the Perfect Modal we use the meaning is different (Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto) If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD COULD MAY MIGHT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 61. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Let’s summarize…. A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle Depending on the Perfect Modal we use the meaning is different (Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto) If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD COULD MAY MIGHT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 62. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 63. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 64. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE I have eaten burritos, lechona and tamales..
  • 65. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE I have eaten burritos, lechona and tamales.. …now, I have a terrible stomachache…
  • 66. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE I have eaten burritos, lechona and tamales.. …now, I have a terrible stomachache… I shouldn’t have eaten so much food!
  • 67. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE I have eaten burritos, lechona and tamales.. …now, I have a terrible stomachache… I shouldn’t have eaten so much food! I regreat having eaten so much food! Bu unfortunately, I did. (Me arrepiento haber comido tanta comida! Pero desafortunadamente, lo hice.)
  • 68. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT
  • 69. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT
  • 70. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT My job is so boring, and I don’t make much money…
  • 71. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT My job is so boring, and I don’t make much money… …I should have studied medicine…
  • 72. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT My job is so boring, and I don’t make much money… …I should have studied medicine… I regreat not having studied medicine! But unfortunately, I didn’t. (Me arrepiento haber estudiado medicina Pero desafortunadamente, no lo hice.)
  • 73. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT My job is so boring, and I don’t make much money… …I should have studied medicine… … I would/could/may/might have been so happy and rich! I regreat not having studied medicine! But unfortunately, I didn’t. (Me arrepiento haber estudiado medicina Pero desafortunadamente, no lo hice.)
  • 74. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT My job is so boring, and I don’t make much money… …I should have studied medicine… … I would/could/may/might have been so happy and rich! I regreat not having studied medicine! But unfortunately, I didn’t. (Me arrepiento haber estudiado medicina Pero desafortunadamente, no lo hice.) I think (speculate) that if I had studied medicine, I would have been rich and happy (Creo (especulo) que si yo hubiera estudiado medicina, hubiera sido rico y feliz)
  • 75. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 76. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
  • 77. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Why is Mark sleeping here? It’s working time!
  • 78. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Why is Mark sleeping here? It’s working time! He mustn’t have had enough time to sleep
  • 79. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Why is Mark sleeping here? It’s working time! He mustn’t have had enough time to sleep He must have gone party last night!.
  • 80. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Why is Mark sleeping here? It’s working time! He mustn’t have had enough time to sleep He must have gone party last night!.The fact (El hecho)
  • 81. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Why is Mark sleeping here? It’s working time! He mustn’t have had enough time to sleep He must have gone party last night!.The fact (El hecho)
  • 82. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Why is Mark sleeping here? It’s working time! He mustn’t have had enough time to sleep He must have gone party last night!.The fact (El hecho) These are the conclusions drawn from the fact (Estas son las conclusiones sacadas del hecho)
  • 83. PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM Thank you!!!