Networking
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The document provides an overview of basic networking concepts, including: 1) It defines what a network is and discusses the benefits of networking such as resource sharing, data sharing, and mobility. 2) It lists different types of networks including personal area networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and wide area networks. 3) It briefly outlines the history of networking, including early networks developed in the 1960s-1970s that helped lay the foundations for the ARPANET and Internet.
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Leonard Kleinrock established the Network Measurement Center at UCLA which connected to the first Interface Message Processor, becoming the first node on the ARPANET and Internet. Lawrence Roberts led the overall ARPANET system design as the program manager and held a design session in 1967 that outlined standards for user identification, character transmission, and error checking which helped launch the ARPANET project. Paul Baran developed the concept of packet switching networks while at RAND which influenced Roberts and Kleinrock to adopt that technology for the ARPANET.
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J.C.R. Licklider wrote memos in 1962 about his concept of an Intergalactic Network that would connect everyone globally to access programs and data from anywhere. As head of ARPA's computer research program in 1963, he contracted with MIT, UCLA, and BBN to begin work on realizing this vision of an interconnected network. Meanwhile, researchers at organizations like RAND, MIT, and the UK's National Physical Laboratory worked in parallel on developing secure packet switching network technologies. This early research led to networked communication becoming possible when in 1969 the first host-to-host connection was made between computers at UCLA and SRI over the ARPANET, though it initially crashed the SRI computer.
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The document provides a history of the internet from its origins in the late 1960s to its growth in the early 2000s. It discusses some of the pioneering technologies and individuals that contributed to the development of the internet, including packet switching, ARPANET, TCP/IP, and hypertext. Key figures mentioned include Vannevar Bush, J.C.R. Licklider, Paul Baran, Vinton Cerf, and Tim Berners-Lee.
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The document provides a history of the development of the internet from the 1940s to 1995. It discusses early pioneers and technologies that laid the foundations for the internet, such as packet switching, TCP/IP, and the ARPANET network. Key people discussed include Vannevar Bush, J.C.R. Licklider, Paul Baran, and Lawrence Roberts. The ARPANET was created in the late 1960s to solve challenges around reliably sending and receiving electronic messages over wide areas.
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The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet. It discusses that the ARPANET, developed by ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency), was the first network to use packet switching and laid the foundation for the Internet. The ARPANET connected 4 computers at UCLA, SRI, UCSB, and the University of Utah in 1969. It then expanded to connect 18 sites by 1971 and nearly 100 sites by 1980. The ARPANET was shut down in 1990 but commercial backbones were established, becoming the current Internet.
Tara
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet. It discusses that (1) the ARPANET was developed in the 1960s by the US Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) to enable communication between university and military computers, (2) the first nodes of the ARPANET connected four host computers in 1969, and (3) the ARPANET grew to connect over 100 sites by 1980 and served as the foundation for the commercial Internet before being decommissioned in 1990.
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- 3. 7
- 4. 6
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- 23. BUS TOPOLOGY
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- 25. DUAL- RING TOPOLOGY
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