The social base of education is the study of social institutions and individual experiences affect education and its outcome. Education is concerned with all forms of education in formal and informal education systems of modern industrial societies. After the advancement and engagement of human capital (work force) in industrialization America and Europe gave rise to social mobility. Now it is easier to move up to the upper strata of society gaining technical skills, knowledge. People who were farmers earlier became workers in factories. In that period social and mobility was at top gear. And we began to think that Education promotes social mobility and undermines class stratification. It gained interest and a lot of sociological studies done on the subject. Statistical and field research across numerous societies showed a persistent link between an individual's social class and achievement and suggested that education could only achieve limited social mobility.

1. UNIT-2: SOCIAL BASES OF EDUCATION
COURSE 8: KNOWLEDGE AND CURRICULUM
Prepared by,
Dr.C.Shanmuga Priya,
Assistant Professor,
Peniel Rural College of Education
Vemparali, Dindigul Dist,
TamilNadu

2. UNIT-2: SOCIAL BASES OF EDUCATION
This unit includes six categories such as the influence of
society, the influence of industrialization and democracy, the
causes of individual autonomy and education, the
understanding of education in relation to modern value, and
the understanding of social justice and dignity with a special
reference to Ambedkar.

3. Topic: Influence of Society
 Synopsis
 Introduction
 Influence of society on education
 Influence of culture on education
 Influence of modernity on education
 Conclusion

4. Introduction
Education is a lifelong process by which people learn new ways of
action and thought. It encourages changes in behavior which aim at
improving the human conditions. Education plays a vital role in
introducing the culture of society among the students.
கல்வி என்பது ஒரு வாழ்நாள் செயல்முறையாகும், இதன் மூலம் மக்கள் புதிய செயல் மற்றும்
ெிந்தறை வழிகறைக் கற்றுக்சகாள்கிைார்கள். இது மைித நிறலறமகறை மமம்படுத்துவறத
மநாக்கமாகக் சகாண்ட நடத்றத மாற்ைங்கறை ஊக்குவிக்கிைது. மாணவர்கைிறடமய ெமூகத்தின்
கலாச்ொரத்றத அைிமுகப்படுத்துவதில் கல்வி முக்கிய பங்கு வகிக்கிைது.
.

5. Influence of society on education
The society also play a significant role in the development of the
education system. The role of socio-cultural factors, political
conditions, and economic background determines the nature of
educational institutions, its objectives, and curriculum development.
கல்வி முறையின் வைர்ச்ெியில் ெமூகமும் குைிப்பிடத்தக்க பங்கு வகிக்கிைது. ெமூக-கலாச்ொர
காரணிகள், அரெியல் நிறலறமகள் மற்றும் சபாருைாதார சூழல்கைின் பங்கு கல்வி நிறுவைங்கைின்
தன்றம, அதன் மநாக்கங்கள் மற்றும் பாடத்திட்ட மமம்பாடு ஆகியவற்றை தீர்மாைிக்கிைது.

6. The influence of education in society is explained in detail in the
following sections.
1.Preservation and transmission of our social, moral and cultural
value-
2. Awakening of Social feelings
3. Political development of society
4. Economic development of society
5. Social control
6. Social changes and reforms
7. Socialization of child.

7. Influence of culture on education
In anthropological literature the term culture is used in many
senses, but in general writings it is used to indicate social charm and
intellectual superiority. Even some sociologists believe cultured
individuals to be the leaders of society. According to Sorokin and
Maclver, culture implies man’s moral, spiritual and intellectual
achievements. In the words of Bogardus, “culture is composed of
integrated customs, traditions and current patterns of human group.

8. The following are the various ways by which
education influences the culture of a country.
 1. Preservation of Culture (கலாச்சாரத்தைப் பாதுகாத்ைல்)
2. Transmission of Culture (கலாச்சாரத்தைப் பரப்புைல்)
3. Development of Culture (கலாச்சார வளர்ச்சி)
4. Continuity of Culture (கலாச்சாரத்ைின் தைாடர்ச்சி)
5. Development of personality (ஆளுதையின் வளர்ச்சி)
6. Removing Cultural Lag (கலாச்சார பின்னதடதவ நீக்குைல்)

9. 1. Preservation of Culture (கலாச்சாரத்தைப்
பாதுகாத்ைல்)
Each country believes and flaunts the superiority of its own culture over the rest.
Hence it tries to preserve its culture in its original form. Education is the only means to
complete this task. Thus, education preserves the culture of society.
2. Transmission of Culture (கலாச்சாரத்தைப் பரப்புைல்)
The process of preservation includes the process of transmission as well.
Transmission of culture from one generation to another is the best guarantee of its
preservation. “The function of education is to transmit the social values and ideas
to the young and capable members of society.

10. 3. Development of Culture (கலாச்சார வளர்ச்சி)
The process of education is to bring about the needed
desirable changes in the cultural ideals and values for the
progress and continued development of society, without which
social progress will stratify and come to naught. Education
culturists individuals, modifies cultural processes by research and
deeper investigations into all areas of human requirements.

11. 4. Continuity of Culture (கலாச்சாரத்ைின்
தைாடர்ச்சி)
Culture is the lifeblood of a society is bound to decay and die
sooner or later. Education upholds the continuity of culture through its
diverse activities and programmes. A society establishes schools to
preserve and transmit its culture from generation to generation. But
some schools try to develop undesirable cultural chauvinism and
superiority complexes among its children.

12. 5. Development of personality
(ஆளுதையின் வளர்ச்சி)
Education aims at developing the personality of the child. It
employs diverse cultural patterns of thinking, behavior and
items of cultural values so that children are physically,
mentally, socially and emotionally developed to the maximum
extent.

13. 6. Removing Cultural Lag
(கலாச்சார பின்னதடதவ நீக்குைல்)
While material culture develops at a fast pace due to
scientific researchers and inventions, non-material culture
consisting of ideals, values and norms lags behind creating a
gulf between the two. Education is the only means to bridge
this cultural lag by its activities and programmes of
development.

14. Influence of modernity on education
Modernity, a topic in the humanities and social sciences, is both a historical
period and the ensemble of particular socio-cultural norms, attitudes, and practices
that arose in the wake of the Renaissance—in the "Age of Reason" of 17th-century
thought and the 18th-century "Enlightenment". நவ ீனத்துவம், ைனிைநநயம் ைற்றும்
சமூக அறிவியலில் ஒரு ைதலப்பு, ஒரு வரலாற்றுக் காலம் ைற்றும் ைறுைலர்ச்சிதய
அடுத்து எழுந்ை குறிப்பிட்ட சமூக-கலாச்சார விைிமுதறகள், அணுகுமுதறகள் ைற்றும்
நதடமுதறகளின் குழுைம் 17 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் "காரணம் யுகத்ைில்" சிந்ைதன ைற்றும்
18 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு "அறிதவாளி".

15. Modernization through Education
Education is the most important instrument of modernization since modernization
includes the following:
 1. Directed change in the system of attitudes, beliefs, and values and also in the
institutional complex, to enhance the acceptability of modern technology and its
organizational and operational framework.
 2. Growth of the infrastructure essential to the adaptation to the technology of
foreign origin to specific national needs.
 3. Laying the foundations of institutions and organizations which could, in time,
assume responsibility for independent innovation and technological growth to
the country’s needs and problems.

18. INFLUENCE OF
INDUSTRIALIZATION
AND DEMOCRACY

19. WHAT IS AN INDUSTRIALIZATION?
Industrialization is the period of social
and economic change that transforms a human
group from an agrarian society into an
industrial society. This involves an extensive re-
organization of an economy for the purpose of
manufacturing.
த ொழில்மயமொக்கல் என்பது ஒரு சமூகக் குழுவிலிருந்து
ஒரு விவசொயக் குழுவிலிருந்து ஒரு த ொழில்துறை சமு ொயமொக
மொற்றும் சமூக மற்றும் தபொருளொ ொர மொற்ைத்தின் கொலம். இது
உற்பத்தி ந ொக்கத்திற்கொக ஒரு தபொருளொ ொரத்தின் விரிவொன மறு
அறமப்றப உள்ளடக்கியது.

20. WHAT IS DEMOCRACY?
Democracy as defined by Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth
president of the USA, is the government of the people for
the people and by the people.
20

21. 1. Provision of equal opportunities and recognition of individual
differences
Each child is a sacred and valuable entity of society. As such, equal
educational opportunities are made available to one and all for their fullest
development.
Each child receives the proper support according to his interests,
aptitudes, and skills to develop his individuality to the fullest extent.
21
2. Universal and Compulsory Education
In democracy, the reins of government remain in the hands of the people.
Hence, common people must be so educated that they develop themselves
as responsible and dynamic citizen’s conscious of their rights and duties, fully
conversant with their national and international obligations, well aware with
the government procedures anti-administration processes.

22. 3. PROVISION OF ADULT EDUCATION
Under the influence of democratic tendency, in different
countries, emphasis is being laid upon adult education, women
education and education of the mentally retorted and physically
handicapped. Schemes are under operation in our country also for the
effective education of the adults who constitute a bulk of our entire
population. Night-schools, short-term-courses, one Jay schools and
the schemes are being launched to solve this stupendous problem.
22

23. 4. FREE EDUCATION
The principle of universal and compulsory education involves
free education to all irrespective of their social or monetary status.
Hence, education is now regarded as the birth right of each child
irrespective of color, caste, creed and sex.
23
5. CHILD CENTRED EDUCATION
Democratic way of thinking emphasizes the importance of each child as
sacred individuality. Hence, educational schemes and plans are so structured
that each child receives full attention and full facilities to develop his
individuality to the fullest extent.

24. 6. METHODS OFTEACHING
24
Method of teaching is undergoing revolutionary changes. Old,
traditional and mass education methods are being gradually replaced by
individual attention methods. Nothing is now enforced or thrust in by force.
Self-learning devices are encouraged and such methods are promoted which
motivate children to pay attention and learn by their own efforts.
7. Social Activities
Bookish and academic activities are not over-emphasized in schools now-a-
days. Proper attention is paid to social, cultural and co-curricular activities, so
that children develop in a wholesome way and gain more and more social
experience.

25. 8. IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUAL ATTENTION
25
each child receives individual attention. His family
background, his own interests, likes and dislikes, his needs and
capacities are fully taken care off in all plans of educational
development, the purpose being to achieve the maximum
development of personality.
9. STUDENT UNIONS
To promote student welfare in all spheres with the aim of
achieving balanced, dynamic, efficient and socially motivated
personalities.

26. 10. School Administration
To inculcate in children the sense of self-discipline and self-
administration, their association with school administration is being
welcomed. Such schemes are being formulated in various
institutions where student participation in actual educational and
school administration is a fact.
26
11. RESPECT OF TEACHER’S PERSONALITY
Democratic philosophy respects teacher as a very dynamic and effective
agency of social change for social progress. To participate more and more in
curriculum construction and educational planning.

27. 12. INTELLIGENCETESTS
27
Schemes of intelligence tests are under operation in various institutions
all over the world to evaluate the mental capacity, growth and achievement of
children. Diagnostic tests are proving very useful for this purpose.
13. PHYSICAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN
To promote physical well- being of children, facilities for games and
sports, gymnasia, medical tests and medical help are being provided freely
and on an increasing scale. Medical checkup, advice and medicines are now
provided to the needy.

28. 14. CO-OPERATION BETWEEN ALL AGENCIES OF EDUCATION
28
all the agencies of education co-operate actively for the development
of children. Hence, under the influence of democratic tendency, schemes are
being formulated now-a-days to establish co-operation between all the
agencies of education namely family, school, community, church and state.
15. SCHOOL
School is now regarded as a center of promoting national consciousness and
international understanding. Education for dynamic citizenship is associated with
education for national and international understanding, amity and fellow-feeling. Thus,
school is now regarded as a miniature of society.

29. 29