pricing involves the customer demand schedule, the cost function, and competitors’ prices. The question is how should a company integrate cost-, demand-, and competition-based pricing considerations? In setting a price the firm, for example Kodak, will have to consider the following cost-, demand-, and competition-based pricing decisions:
Here's a way that companies can get on the road to profitable growth. It is based on a presentation I gave at UCI Applied Innovation on Feb 17 and it contains some good models and tools that StreetSavvy Business executives can use to drive success.
pricing involves the customer demand schedule, the cost function, and competitors’ prices. The question is how should a company integrate cost-, demand-, and competition-based pricing considerations? In setting a price the firm, for example Kodak, will have to consider the following cost-, demand-, and competition-based pricing decisions:
Here's a way that companies can get on the road to profitable growth. It is based on a presentation I gave at UCI Applied Innovation on Feb 17 and it contains some good models and tools that StreetSavvy Business executives can use to drive success.
A very simple yet precise description of costing and pricing,with examples of both.help for both management and engineering students,specially for entrepreneurship development.like.comment and share.
Pricing Understanding and Capturing Customer Value - MarketingFaHaD .H. NooR
outline
What Is a Price?
Customer Perceptions of Value
Company and Product Costs
Other Internal and External Considerations Affecting Price Decisions
Customer Value-based pricing uses the buyers’ perceptions of value, not the sellers’ cost, as the key to pricing. Price is considered before the marketing program is set.
Value-based pricing is customer driven
Cost-based pricing is product driven
New-Product Pricing Strategies
Product Mix Pricing Strategies
Price Adjustment Strategies
Price Changes
Market-skimming pricing is a strategy with high initial prices to “skim” revenue layers from the market
Product quality and image must support the price
Buyers must want the product at the price
Costs of producing the product in small volume should not cancel the advantage of higher prices
Competitors should not be able to enter the market easily
Market-penetration pricing sets a low initial price in order to penetrate the market quickly and deeply to attract a large number of buyers quickly to gain market share
Price-sensitive market
Inverse relationship of production and distribution cost to sales growth
Low prices must keep competition out of the market
This presentation consists of different pricing strategies that can be applied in businesses, and how do you solve or compute for the costing of your product, that would result to a positive profit.
Sharing about price analysis and cost analysis processes, principles and items to be considered in developing them. These analysis processes will be very helpful to procurement or purchasing personnel in order to bring the maximum value to their organization
A very simple yet precise description of costing and pricing,with examples of both.help for both management and engineering students,specially for entrepreneurship development.like.comment and share.
Pricing Understanding and Capturing Customer Value - MarketingFaHaD .H. NooR
outline
What Is a Price?
Customer Perceptions of Value
Company and Product Costs
Other Internal and External Considerations Affecting Price Decisions
Customer Value-based pricing uses the buyers’ perceptions of value, not the sellers’ cost, as the key to pricing. Price is considered before the marketing program is set.
Value-based pricing is customer driven
Cost-based pricing is product driven
New-Product Pricing Strategies
Product Mix Pricing Strategies
Price Adjustment Strategies
Price Changes
Market-skimming pricing is a strategy with high initial prices to “skim” revenue layers from the market
Product quality and image must support the price
Buyers must want the product at the price
Costs of producing the product in small volume should not cancel the advantage of higher prices
Competitors should not be able to enter the market easily
Market-penetration pricing sets a low initial price in order to penetrate the market quickly and deeply to attract a large number of buyers quickly to gain market share
Price-sensitive market
Inverse relationship of production and distribution cost to sales growth
Low prices must keep competition out of the market
This presentation consists of different pricing strategies that can be applied in businesses, and how do you solve or compute for the costing of your product, that would result to a positive profit.
Sharing about price analysis and cost analysis processes, principles and items to be considered in developing them. These analysis processes will be very helpful to procurement or purchasing personnel in order to bring the maximum value to their organization
the document is on Cost volume profit analysis.
(Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis is used to determine how changes in costs and volume affect a company's operating income and net income.)
11th Cairo Marketing Club (Pricing Strategies) by Dr.Ahmed Hany 31-3-2018Mahmoud Bahgat
11th Cairo Marketing Club (Pricing Strategies) by Dr.Ahmed Hany 31-3-2018
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If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
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Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network
#pi coins
#money
8. general priCing approaChes
Cost-Based Pricing
Break-Even Analysis and Target Profit Pricing
Value-Based Pricing
Competition-Based Pricing
9. Cost based priCing
• Using the cost of production as the basis for pricing a product.
• Here the selling price of product a will be the cost to produce it.
• It includes :-
Direct and indirect costs
Additional amount to generate profit.
11. AdvAntAges
Super easy.
Flexible.
If costs go up, it is easy to adjust prices.
Super simple to calculate.
Is easy for a marketer to defend pricing.
May suit a manufacturer with scalable production based on demand.
12. disAdvAntAges
Ignores product demand or the influence price may have on demand.
Ignores what competitors are doing with their pricing.
If costs increase, so must the price.
Ignores brand positioning so may forfeit additional profit.
It provides no incentive to improve cost efficiency.
13. ClAssifiCAtions of Cost bAsed
priCing
1. Cost plus pricing
2. Full cost pricing
3. Target profit pricing
4. Marginal cost pricing
14. Cost plus priCing
A fixed percentage of profit will be added to the cost.
The fixed percentage of profit will be taken by
manufacturer, wholesaler and the retailer.
15.
16. egg:-
Fixed cost for making 10,000 shirts is Rs.1,50,000.
Variable cost (P.U) = 30
Cost (P.U) = 45
Firm expects 30 % return on sales.
The mark up Price will be
= 45/(1-0.3)
= Rs. 64.28 p
17. full Cost priCing
Also called absorption cost pricing.
Attempting to set price to cover both fixed and variable costs
Total cost will be computed by adding variable and fixed cost
incurred in the product.
The price of each product is dependant on how many costs it
creates.
18.
19. egg:-
• MM co. plan to produce 5000 widgets.
• Manufacturing labor = Rs. 50,000
• Material cost = Rs. 1,00,000
• Overhead cost= Rs. 20,000
• Direct labor (P.U)= 50,000/5000 = Rs.10
• Material cost (P.U)= 1,00,000/5000= Rs. 20
• Overhead cost (P.U)= 20,000/5000= Rs. 4
• Desired profit (P.U)= Rs. 8
20. Cont.
• Add all cost per units
• = 10+20+4+8
• Full cost price = 42 (P.U)
• This means using full cost pricing, MM company would sell
its widgets at Rs.42 (P.U)
21. TargeT profiT pricing
Also called rate of return pricing
Mark-up = Profit/Cost x 100
Setting price to ‘target’ a specified profit level
Estimates of the cost and potential revenue at different prices, and
thus the break-even have to be made, to determine the mark-up
This method is possible when there is no competition in the market.
22.
23. egg :-
• Sales price per unit = Rs. 250
• Variable cost per unit = Rs. 150
• Total fixed expenses = Rs. 35,000
• Target Profit = Rs. 40,000
• Q = Number (Quantity) of units sold
• How many units will have to be sold to earn a profit of Rs. 40,000?
24. conT.
• Sales = Variable expenses + Fixed expenses + Profit
• Rs. 250Q = Rs. 150 + Rs. 35,000 + Rs. 40,000
• Rs. 100Q = Rs. 75,000
• Q = Rs. 75,000 / Rs. 100 per unit
• Q = 750 Units
• Thus the target profit can be achieved by selling 750 units per month, which represents
$187,500 in total sales ($250 × 750 units). This equation is also extensively used to calculate
break even point. When break even point is calculated the value of profit in the equation is
taken equal to ZERO.
25. Marginal cosT pricing
This aims at maximizing the contribution towards fixed cost.
In addition portion of the fixed cost will also realized.
Marginal cost – the cost of producing ONE extra or ONE fewer
item of production.
Particularly relevant in transport where fixed costs may be
relatively high
26.
27. egg:-
Aircraft flying from Bristol to Edinburgh – Total Cost
(including normal profit) = £15,000 of which £13,000 is fixed
cost*
Number of seats = 160, average price = £93.75
MC of each passenger = 2000/160 = £12.50
If flight not full, better to offer passengers chance of flying
at £12.50 and fill the seat than not fill it at all!
28. DeManD-BaseD pricing
• Pricing that is determined by how much customers are
willing to pay for a product or service
• This method results in a high price when demand is strong
and a low price when demand is weak
• May be differentiated based on considerations such as time
of purchase, type of customer or distribution channel
30. coMpeTiTion-BaseD pricing
• Pricing that is determined by considering what competitors
charge for the same good. Once you find out what your
competition is charging, you must determine whether to
charge the same, slightly more, or slightly less.
34. setting initial produCt priCes
Market SkimmingMarket Skimming
> Setting a high price for
a new product to skim
maximum revenues
from the target
market.
> Results in fewer, more
profitable sales.
> Popular night club
charges a high cover
charge
Market PenetrationMarket Penetration
> Setting a low price for a
new product in order to
attract a large number
of guests.
> Results in a larger
market share.
> New Marriott
35. existing-produCt
priCing strategies
• Product-Bundle Pricing
• Price-Adjustment Strategies
– Volume Discounts
– Discounts Based on Time of Purchase
– Discriminatory Pricing
– Yield Management
• Non-Use of Yield Management
• Last-Minute Pricing
36. produCt-Bundling priCing
• Transfer surplus reservation price (the maximum price a customer will pay for
a product)
– Customer A will pay $60 for a Disney pass and $120 for a hotel room. Customer B
will pay $95 for the Disney pass and $80 for the hotel room – A hotel selling a two
night package with pass for $350 will get both customer
• Price-bundling also reduces price competition – by making it hard to figure
price of components
– In an airline and hotel package it is difficult to determine the price of the room