This document discusses various forms of business organizations including sole proprietorship, partnership, cooperative society, and joint stock companies. It provides details on the key features, advantages, and limitations of each organizational form. Joint stock companies are further divided into private and public companies. The document also covers topics such as types of shares, types of share capital, prospectus, balance sheet, and regulations governing business organizations.
This presentation makes an attempt to help a lay man understand briefly the various forms of business organisations prevalent in the Indian Business world.
This presentation makes an attempt to help a lay man understand briefly the various forms of business organisations prevalent in the Indian Business world.
This presentation will help you to:
• explain the concept of business organisation;
• state the meaning and characteristics of Sole Proprietorship and Joint Hindu Family Business
• identify the merits and limitations of these forms of business organisation;
• describe the suitability of these forms of business organisation; and
• explain the steps in the formation of these business organisation.
This is the first module in the Canadian Small Business Course.
In this module, we examine the forms of organization that a business can take in Canada. Well look at proprietorships, partnerships and corporations.
We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each form, along with the tax filing requirements for each. Also reviewed are the tax planning opportunities that are available under each form. Most importantly, we go over the decision process that you should go through when choosing the proper method.
We provide all content for class 12 cbse affiliated. It include all syllabus related to syllabus. Students esily download it form www.smarteteach.com website. They can buy educational DVD for Class 12. Go to the link http://www.smarteteach.com/cbse-class-12
--Smart eTeach
Visit : www.smarteteach.com
Contact:0172-4677222, 0172-4678005
This presentation will help you to:
• explain the concept of business organisation;
• state the meaning and characteristics of Sole Proprietorship and Joint Hindu Family Business
• identify the merits and limitations of these forms of business organisation;
• describe the suitability of these forms of business organisation; and
• explain the steps in the formation of these business organisation.
This is the first module in the Canadian Small Business Course.
In this module, we examine the forms of organization that a business can take in Canada. Well look at proprietorships, partnerships and corporations.
We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each form, along with the tax filing requirements for each. Also reviewed are the tax planning opportunities that are available under each form. Most importantly, we go over the decision process that you should go through when choosing the proper method.
We provide all content for class 12 cbse affiliated. It include all syllabus related to syllabus. Students esily download it form www.smarteteach.com website. They can buy educational DVD for Class 12. Go to the link http://www.smarteteach.com/cbse-class-12
--Smart eTeach
Visit : www.smarteteach.com
Contact:0172-4677222, 0172-4678005
Definition , Features , Advantages , Disadvantages , Classification , Details of it's classification , Economic Importance of Joint Stock
Company in Bangladesh
Economic Importance of Joint Stock
Company in Bangladesh
Economic importance of joint stock company in Bangladesh , Method of formation , Modes of winding up .
Corporate environment Notes asper Bangalore university syllabus which help the students in knowing the Corporate Environment and culture that is prevailing in the Economy
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
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what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
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Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
1. Forms of Business OrganizationsForms of Business Organizations
Professor & Lawyer.
Puttu Guru Prasad
(ICFAI Trained & Certified Management Faculty)
M.Com----------------------------- (Madras University)
M.B.A ------------(Dr. Ambedkar University, First Class)
TOEFL------------------- (Top Scorer, Qualified for I-20)
GMAT---------------- (Qualified for I-20 US Study Visa)
L.L .B -------(Gold Medalist, Acharya Nagarjuna University)
PGDM -----------------------(Foreign Trade Management)
M.Phil------ (Annamalai University, Distinction Holder)
F.T.P -----(ICFAI, 30th
Batch Topper and Domain Topper)
APSET----------------------- (Qualified with 68% marks)
P.h.D ----------------(Pursuing from JNJTUK, Kakinada)
2. Forms of business organisation
1. Sole proprietorship – is a business owned by a single
person. Legally, the owner and company have same status.
Owner realizes all the profits, bears all the losses and incurs
all the liabilities of the business.
Advantages:
1. Can be set up easily (no formal requirement of
incorporation)
2. Subject to few government regulations.
3. No firm tax rate.
Limitations:
1. Life is limited to life of the owner.
2. Personal liability is unlimited.
3. Ability to raise funds is severally constrained.
3. Forms of business organization
2. Partnership – business owned by 2 or more persons. Partners bear the
risks and reap the rewards of the business. Comes into existence with
the execution of a partnership deed. Governed by the Indian
Partnership Act of 1932.
Advantages:
1. Can be set up with relative ease.
2. Can benefit from expertise and experience of partners.
3. Relatively free from government regulations.
Limitations:
1. Life is limited to death or withdrawal of any of the partners.
2. Personal conflict among the partners is a potential threat.
3. Personal liability of the partners is unlimited.
4. Ability to raise funds is limited.
4. Forms of business organization
3. Cooperative Society – a society which has as its objective the
promotion of economic interests of its members in
accordance with cooperative principles.
Features:
1. No limit on maximum members, but a minimum of 10
members are required.
2. Registered under the Registrar of Cooperative Societies.
3. Management is vested in the managing committee elected
by members on the principle of “one member, one vote”.
4. Dividend paid is subject to a ceiling of 9%. Surplus left after
the dividend payment is distributed in the form of bonus.
5. Forms of business organization
• 3. Cooperative Society
Advantages:
1. Can be formed easily.
2. Liability of members is limited.
3. Grants and financial assistance is provided by the
government.
Disadvantages:
1. Members have no incentive to provide capital.
2. Often, influential members exploit the cooperative society
for personal gains.
6.
7. Joint Stock Company – Private and
Public Company
Joint stock company is a form of organization
which is capable of mobilizing larger amount of
capital with provision of limited liability for owners
and affording professional management to
conduct its business.
8. Nature of a Company
• Company means a voluntary association of persons united for a
common objective.
Important facts:
Association has too many members that it is not to be called
partnership firm.
Every member of the association has the right to transfer his interest
with the consent of the other members.
It has separate legal entity.
The company is manage by a board of directors elected by the
shareholders.
Governed by Indian Companies Act, 1956.
Law creates it and law alone can dissolve it.
9. Definition of a company
“A company is an artificial person, created by
law having a separate entity with a perpetual
succession & a common seal.”
10. Characteristics of a company
• Artificial person
• Voluntary associations of persons
• Separate legal entity
• Has perpetual succession
• Every shareholder has limited liability
• It acts through its agents called Directors
• Common seal acts as the official signature of
the company.
11. Private Company - Features
• Can be formed by two persons subscribing to
its share capital
• Number of shareholders cannot exceed 50
• Public cannot subscribe to its capital
12. Procedure of registration of Joint stock
company
• Promoter is a person who conceives &
develops an idea of starting a company
• Application is filed with the Registrar of the
companies.
13. Documents accompanying the
application
1. Memorandum of association
It lays down:
• Name of the company
• Name of the state in which its registered office is situated
• The objective of the company
• A statement whether the liability of its shareholder is
limited
• The amount of capital with which the company is
registered together with its division into shares.
• Subscription clause: MoA must be signed by 7 members in
case of public limited company and by 2 members in case
of private company.
14. Documents accompanying the
application
2. Articles of association: bye-laws or regulations to
govern the internal affairs of the company, for eg.,
transfer of shares, forfeiture of shares,
qualification, powers and duties of directors, etc.
3. Consent of directors
4. Statutory declarations: by an advocate/company
secretary/CA that all requirements of the Companies Act
have been fulfilled.
If the Registrar is satisfied with the documents, he issues a
certificate called the certificate of incorporation. Upon its
issue the company is born.
15. Prospectus
• A private company can commences business
immediately after obtaining the certificate of
incorporation but for a public company to
commence business, it is necessary to receive
certificate to begin business from the registrar of
companies. For this purpose, it is necessary for the
company to issue prospectus or statement in lieu of
prospectus.(Schedule III)
• According to Sec 2(36) of the Act “prospectus means
an invitation to the public for the subscription of its
shares or debentures.” it must be dated and signed
by all the directors and a copy must be filed with the
Registrar on or before the date of publication
thereof.
16.
17. Types of capital
• Each company has 2 types of capital
1. Share capital
2. Loan capital
18. Meaning of Share
The capital of a company is divided into a number of
equal parts. Each part is called a Share.
The Companies Act of 1956 defines a share as “a
share in the share capital of the company”
The persons who contribute money through shares
are known as ‘shareholders’.
The certificate stating the number of shares a
shareholder holds is called a share certificate.
19. Types of Shares
• Preference Share
1. Cumulative Preference Share
2. Non-cumulative Preference Share
3. Participating Preference Share – in this case surplus
profits are also distributed amongst the preference
shareholders.
4. Non-participating Preference Share
5. Redeemable Preference Share
6. Convertible and non-convertible preference shares
– a convertible preference share can be converted
into equity shares.
• Equity Share
20. Share capital
The memorandum of associations must state
the amount of capital with which the
company is desired to be registered & the
number of shares into which it is to be
divided.
Total capital of company is divided into shares,
therefore, it is called share capital.
21. Kinds of Share Capital
• Authorized Capital – given in the MoA, this is the maximum
amount with which the company is registered and which it is
authorized to raise from the public by issue of shares. Also
called registered or nominal or authorized capital.
• Issued Capital – the portion of authorized capital which is
offered to the public for subscription is called issued capital
and the remaining portion not yet offered to the public for
subscription is called unissued capital.
• Subscribed Capital – the portion of issued capital which has
been subscribed for by the public, I.e., applied for and
allotted by the company. The balance os issued capital not
subscribed for by the public is called the unsubscribed
capital.
22. Kinds of Share Capital
• Called up Capital – the portion of the subscribed capital
which the shareholders are called upon to pay is termed as
called up capital of the company. The balance of subscribed
capital which has not been called up represents uncalled
capital.
• Paid up Capital – the amount of called up capital which has
been actually paid by the shareholders is called as paid up
capital and the amounts yet due from the shareholders are
called calls in arrears.
• Reserve Capital – sometimes a company by means off
special resolution decides that certain its existence and it
would be available as an additional security to its creditors
in the event of liquidation. Such a portion of uncalled capital
is termed as “reserve capital”.
23. Liabilities Rs. Assets Rs.
Share capital:
Authorised capital:
2,00,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each
Issued capital:
1,00,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each
Subscribed capital:
80,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each
Called up and paid up capital:
80,000 equity shares of Rs. 8 per share
20,00,000
10,00,000
8,00,000
6,40,000
24. Principal sources of Capital Reserve
1. Profit on sale of fixed asset
2. Profit on revaluation of assets & liabilities
3. Profit on forfeiture & re-issue of forfeited shares
4. Profit on redemption of debentures at a discount
5. Profit earned by a company prior to its
incorporation
Capital reserve is shown in the liabilities side of balance
sheet under the head “reserves and surplus”
25. Procedure for issue of Shares
1. Issue of prospectus – to attract the public for
investment.
2. To receive Applications – name of the schedule
bank, dates of opening and closing, application
form, etc.
3. Allotment of Shares – only when minimum
subscription is received (90% of the issued amount)
4. To make Calls on Shares – the first and second
installments are for application and allotment
26. Utilization of Securities Premium
Amount
The premium amount of the shares issued is credited to a
separate account called ‘Securities Premium Account’
It can be used for:
• To issue fully paid up bonus shares to the shareholders
• To write off preliminary expenses of the company
• To write off the expenses or commission paid, or discount
allowed on issue of the shares or debentures of the
company
• To pay premium on the redemption of preference shares
or debentures of the company.
27. Issue of Shares at Discount
Shares issued at an amount less than the face value of the share.
Conditions for Issue of Shares at Discount:
• The articles of association of the company must provide for the issue of
shares at a discount.
• The shares are of a class which has already been issued.
• The issue of shares at a discount is authorized by an ordinary resolution
passed by the company at its general meeting & sanctioned by the
Company law board.
• The rate of discount must not exceed 10% of the nominal value of share.
If its >10%, its compulsory to get permission from Company Law Board.
• At least 1 year must have elapsed since the company was entitled to
commence the business.
• The shares are issued within 2 months from the date of receiving
sanction for the same from Company Law Board.
28. Calls in Arrears
Sometimes, some of the shareholders may fail
to pay the amount due from them on
allotment or on call. The amount remaining
unpaid on allotment or on calls is called calls-
in-arrears.
or
Any installment amount whether allotment
money or call money, called but the company,
but not paid by the shareholder.
29. Forfeiture of Shares
If a shareholder fails to pay the allotment money
or/and call money on his shares as called upon by
the directors, his shares may be forfeited by the
directors, if they are so authorized by the Articles
of Association.
30. Over-subscription of shares
When application for more shares are received then
the number of shares offered to the public is said to
be the case of Over-Subscription.
Alternatives to deal with such situation are:
• Full allotment to some applicants while rejecting the
others.
• To make pro-rata allotment.
• Combination of the above two.
31. Regulatory framework
• Industrial policy – Industrial Development (and Regulation)
Act, FEMA, Incentives for export oriented units, incentives for
small sector, incentives for high priority industries.
• Companies Act 1956
• SEBI Act 1992 – after repeal of Capital Issues Control Act.
• Taxes – corporate income tax (30% for domestic, 48% for
foreign companies), depreciation, interest expense versus
dividend payment,unabsorbed business loss (can be claimed
over next 8 years’ income), exemptions and deductions,
minimum alternate tax (7.5% of book profit), advance tax,
capital gains, indirect taxes (excise duties, sales tax, customs
duty)
32. Financial system
• Financial institutions
• Supplier of funds – individuals, businesses,
governments
• Demanders of funds – same
• Financial markets (money markets and capital
markets)
To convert savings into investments.
34. The Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002
(SOX)
An act aimed at eliminating corporate disclosure
and conflict of interest problems. Contains
provisions about corporate financial
disclosures and the relationships among
corporations, analysts, auditors, attorneys,
directors, officers and shareholders.
35. SOX did the following:
• Established an oversight board to monitor the accounting industry;
• Tightened audit regulations and controls;
• Toughened penalties against executives who commit corporate
fraud;
• Strengthened accounting disclosure requirements and ethical
guidelines for corporate officers;
• Established corporate board structure and membership guidelines;
• Established guidelines with regard to analyst conflicts of interest;
• Mandated instant disclosure of stock sales by corporate executives;
and
• Increased securities regulation authority and budgets for auditors
and investigators.
36. Environment of Finance
• The financial decisions of a firm are influenced by the
legal form of its organization, the regulatory
framework governing it, the tax laws applicable to it,
and the features of the financial system in which it
operates. Examples:
• A private limited company cannot raise equity capital
by issuing shares to the general public.
• A company in which foreign shareholding is 100%
may not be allowed to undertake certain activities.
• Tax rate for a cooperative society is lower than that
of a public limited company
• Financial institutions go by a debt-equity norm of 1:1