CORONA VIRUS or CoViD-19
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The document discusses coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 which causes COVID-19. It defines coronaviruses as a group of viruses that cause disease in mammals and birds. It describes the morphology of coronaviruses including the viral envelope and spike proteins. It also discusses that human to human transmission occurs through respiratory droplets from sneezing and coughing, and that coronaviruses infect cells by attaching to receptors like ACE2 with their spike proteins.
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This document discusses corona viruses, including their discovery in the 1960s, features such as their small size and RNA structure, and means of transmission between animals and humans. It describes the virus life cycle and how the spike protein attaches to host cells. Symptoms are outlined as well as susceptibility factors. Diagnosis involves PCR and imaging tests while treatment focuses on ventilation and symptoms due to the lack of antiviral drugs. Risk reduction emphasizes personal hygiene, social distancing and travel limits.
cholera.pptx
Poliovirus is an enterovirus with an icosahedral structure that can cause the disease poliomyelitis. There are three serotypes of poliovirus that are classified based on their surface antigens. Poliovirus is transmitted through the fecal-oral route when infected stool contaminates food or water and enters the mouth. Symptoms of poliovirus infection include fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, fatigue, and muscle weakness or stiffness.
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1) Coronaviruses were first identified in 1965 and can infect birds and mammals. They derive their name from crown-like spikes on their surface.
2) A new coronavirus emerged from Wuhan, China called 2019-nCoV which has spread rapidly worldwide, killing many people. It causes respiratory illness and pneumonia.
3) Coronaviruses can be transmitted between humans in rare cases, as with 2019-nCoV, in a process called zoonosis. More research is needed to treat and prevent infection from these viruses.
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Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that can infect both animals and humans. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 is threatening global health. Coronaviruses can cause respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and breathing difficulties in severe cases. While coronaviruses are dangerous, research has shown some may have potential medical value in destroying tumor cells. Scientists around the world are working to better detect and treat SARS-CoV-2 through more accurate testing and efficient treatments.
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Baculoviruses are pathogens that infect insects and other arthropods. They are small, double-stranded DNA viruses. The Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) is a baculovirus that infects insects like moths and butterflies. It forms an extremely stable crystal capsule called the occlusion body that protects the virus in the environment. When an insect eats a contaminated plant, the alkaline environment of its gut dissolves the occlusion body and releases virus particles that infect the gut cells. The virus then replicates rapidly within the host's cells until it dies, filled with new virus particles. NPV spreads by infected insects shedding virus crystals that can then infect other insects.
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2. It provides information on their genetic material, morphology from electron micrographs, and proteins. Rhabdovirus is bullet-shaped with a helical nucleocapsid. Influenza virus is spherical with segmented negative-sense RNA.
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Poliovirus is an enterovirus with an icosahedral structure that can cause the disease poliomyelitis. There are three serotypes of poliovirus that are classified based on their surface antigens. Poliovirus is transmitted through the fecal-oral route when infected stool contaminates food or water and enters the mouth. Symptoms of poliovirus infection include fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, fatigue, and muscle weakness or stiffness.
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1) Coronaviruses were first identified in 1965 and can infect birds and mammals. They derive their name from crown-like spikes on their surface.
2) A new coronavirus emerged from Wuhan, China called 2019-nCoV which has spread rapidly worldwide, killing many people. It causes respiratory illness and pneumonia.
3) Coronaviruses can be transmitted between humans in rare cases, as with 2019-nCoV, in a process called zoonosis. More research is needed to treat and prevent infection from these viruses.
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Baculoviruses are pathogens that infect insects and other arthropods. They are small, double-stranded DNA viruses. The Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) is a baculovirus that infects insects like moths and butterflies. It forms an extremely stable crystal capsule called the occlusion body that protects the virus in the environment. When an insect eats a contaminated plant, the alkaline environment of its gut dissolves the occlusion body and releases virus particles that infect the gut cells. The virus then replicates rapidly within the host's cells until it dies, filled with new virus particles. NPV spreads by infected insects shedding virus crystals that can then infect other insects.
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The document discusses the structure and origin of coronavirus. It notes that COVID-19 was named by the WHO in February 2020. Coronaviruses can inhabit animals like bats and transmit to humans through spillover. The SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses originated this way in China and Saudi Arabia. Coronaviruses have a large RNA genome surrounded by a lipid envelope containing spike, membrane, and envelope proteins. The nucleocapsid contains the genomic RNA wrapped around nucleocapsid proteins in a beads-on-a-string formation.
Structure of Animal Viruses
1. The document discusses the structure and classification of several important animal viruses: rhabdovirus, influenza virus, paramyxovirus, hepatitis B virus, and retroviruses.
2. It provides information on their genetic material, morphology from electron micrographs, and proteins. Rhabdovirus is bullet-shaped with a helical nucleocapsid. Influenza virus is spherical with segmented negative-sense RNA.
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This presentation on Adenovirus was prepared and presented by me and my classmate.This topic generally comes under subject of virology. Hope you will find it helpful. Thank you.
Adenovirus parvovirus polyomavirus
- Adenovirus, parvovirus, and polyomavirus are DNA viruses that cause respiratory illnesses and other diseases.
- Adenovirus has a medium sized dsDNA genome and causes respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis. Parvovirus has a small ssDNA genome and targets erythroid cells, causing fifth disease. Polyomavirus has a small dsDNA genome and establishes kidney persistence, with potential reactivation and progression to PML.
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This document discusses terminology related to virus transmission by vectors and different types of virus-vector relationships.
1. It defines terms like acquisition access period, acquisition feeding period, inoculation access period, inoculation feeding period, and transmission threshold that describe the process of a vector acquiring and transmitting a virus.
2. It describes three main types of virus-vector relationships: non-persistent, semi-persistent, and persistent. Non-persistent viruses are stylet-borne and lost quickly. Semi-persistent viruses persist for 10-100 hours in the foregut. Persistent viruses circulate and may multiply in the vector.
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1. Viruses are non-living infectious agents that can only replicate inside host cells. They contain genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat.
2. Early experiments in the late 19th century demonstrated that certain disease-causing agents could be transmitted between hosts and passed through filters, establishing the existence of viruses.
3. Viruses come in a variety of shapes and sizes but are generally quite small, usually between 20-300 nanometers. Their structure includes a nucleic acid core and protein coat called a capsid, which is composed of repeating protein subunits called capsomeres.
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Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause disease in animals. Seven, including the new virus, have made the jump to humans, but most just cause cold-like symptoms.
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Viruses are obligate intracellular agents that contain nucleic acids and have a protein capsid. They lack cell structures like cell walls and ribosomes. Viruses vary greatly in size and shape. The virus structure consists of the genome, capsid, and some have an envelope. The genome can be DNA or RNA. Capsids are protein shells that protect the genome and come in different symmetries like icosahedral or helical. Some viruses have an outer envelope of lipids and glycoproteins. Modern microbiology applies microbes to fields like medicine, biotechnology, food production, and more.
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The document discusses RNA viruses from the Togaviridae and Flaviviridae families that cause hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis. It describes the structure and genome of togaviruses like alphaviruses and rubivirus, and flaviviruses like those that cause dengue, yellow fever, and hepatitis C. These viruses are transmitted by arthropods and can cause diseases ranging from mild fevers and rashes to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and congenital rubella syndrome. Vaccines exist for some viruses like rubella and yellow fever.
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This document discusses virus transmission and the various modes by which viruses can spread from person to person or host to host. It explains that transmission depends on viral concentration and route, with higher concentration leading to higher transmission chances. Some key transmission routes mentioned are respiratory secretions, blood, saliva, feces, and various entry points into the host like skin, eyes, and respiratory or alimentary tracts. The document also outlines some inherent barriers hosts have against viral infection, such as skin, lack of receptors, mucus, ciliated epithelium, and low pH levels.
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The document discusses AIDS and HIV. It defines AIDS as a condition where the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening infections. It classifies HIV as a retrovirus under Group VI (ssRNA-RT) in the family Retroviridae and genus Lentivirus, with two species - HIV-1 and HIV-2. It also describes how HIV enters white blood cells by binding glycoproteins on its surface to cell receptors, then fusing its envelope with the cell membrane to release its capsid inside the cell.
Poxviruses
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The polio virus enters the body through the mouth and multiplies in the intestines, then passes into the bloodstream and invades the spinal cord and nerves. Within the spinal cord, the polio virus destroys important nerve structures that transmit commands from the brain, preventing signals from reaching the legs and causing paralysis.
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Poliovirus is an enterovirus that causes the disease poliomyelitis. It has a positive-sense RNA genome and protein capsid. Poliovirus infects human cells by binding to the poliovirus receptor on the cell surface and is then taken up by endocytosis. The virus can invade the brain and spinal cord, causing paralysis. While most poliovirus infections cause no symptoms, it can also cause flu-like symptoms or meningitis. There are currently two vaccines that can prevent polio.
Presentation on Adenovirus
This presentation on Adenovirus was prepared and presented by me and my classmate.This topic generally comes under subject of virology. Hope you will find it helpful. Thank you.
Adenovirus parvovirus polyomavirus
- Adenovirus, parvovirus, and polyomavirus are DNA viruses that cause respiratory illnesses and other diseases.
- Adenovirus has a medium sized dsDNA genome and causes respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis. Parvovirus has a small ssDNA genome and targets erythroid cells, causing fifth disease. Polyomavirus has a small dsDNA genome and establishes kidney persistence, with potential reactivation and progression to PML.
- The viruses replicate in the nucleus and spread locally or via viremia. Immunity is important for control of adenovirus and parvovirus.
Virus vector relationship
This document discusses terminology related to virus transmission by vectors and different types of virus-vector relationships.
1. It defines terms like acquisition access period, acquisition feeding period, inoculation access period, inoculation feeding period, and transmission threshold that describe the process of a vector acquiring and transmitting a virus.
2. It describes three main types of virus-vector relationships: non-persistent, semi-persistent, and persistent. Non-persistent viruses are stylet-borne and lost quickly. Semi-persistent viruses persist for 10-100 hours in the foregut. Persistent viruses circulate and may multiply in the vector.
3. Within persistent viruses, it further distinguishes circulative non-propagative
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In this presentation ' Transmission of plant viruses through Seed, Sap and vegetative propagation have been presented. Data is collected primarily from the Mathews plant virology book, however, part of it was also collected from the internet.
Virus
Viruses are non-cellular microorganisms composed of nucleic acid and protein that can only replicate inside living cells. They come in various shapes and their basic structure consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat, and sometimes a membrane. Viruses can have different effects on infected cells, such as taking over the cell's reproductive mechanism to produce more viruses or causing the cell to break open and release the new viruses. Examples of diseases caused by viruses include influenza, HIV/AIDS, chickenpox, measles, mumps, and rubella.
Rabies virus
Rabies is an ancient viral disease transmitted through animal bites that is nearly always fatal without preventative treatment. The rabies virus is an enveloped bullet-shaped particle that contains a single-stranded RNA genome encoding five viral proteins. It is transmitted primarily through the bites of rabid dogs and bats. After an incubation period, the disease causes acute encephalitis leading to delirium, hydrophobia, and death. Diagnosis involves detecting the virus or antibodies in tissues or saliva. While there is no treatment once symptoms appear, vaccination both before and after exposure can successfully prevent the disease.
viruses_tobacco mosaic virus First semester part_1
1. Viruses are non-living infectious agents that can only replicate inside host cells. They contain genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat.
2. Early experiments in the late 19th century demonstrated that certain disease-causing agents could be transmitted between hosts and passed through filters, establishing the existence of viruses.
3. Viruses come in a variety of shapes and sizes but are generally quite small, usually between 20-300 nanometers. Their structure includes a nucleic acid core and protein coat called a capsid, which is composed of repeating protein subunits called capsomeres.
23. polio andinfluenza
This document summarizes information about the polio virus. It notes that the polio virus is very stable and can remain viable for years at cold temperatures. It infects the nervous system and is transmitted through feces or pharyngeal secretions. The virus localizes in the lymphatic tissues before entering the bloodstream and spreading to the brain and spinal cord. Clinical features range from no symptoms to temporary or permanent paralysis. Diagnosis involves virus isolation, direct detection, and serological tests. Treatment involves inactivated and live attenuated polio vaccines.
Viruses in reptiles
There are many viruses that infect reptiles from different virus families such as Herpesviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Poxviridae, Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Reoviridae, and Arboviruses. Many of these viruses cause respiratory, skin, or neurological symptoms in reptiles. However, little is known about the transmission and diseases caused by reptilian viruses due to the low commercial value of reptiles and difficulties in research.
Lymphatic Filariasis in Eastern Mediternean Region
This document discusses lymphatic filariasis (LF) in the Eastern Mediterranean region. It provides historical background on LF in Egypt and the region. The clinical picture and burden of LF are described. Diagnosis methods such as thick blood smears and immunochromatographic card tests are covered. The global population at risk for LF is reviewed. Countries in the EMRO region are classified based on their LF transmission status, and specific countries with past or uncertain transmission like Oman, Saudi Arabia, and Iran are discussed. Mass drug administration programs and strategies for interrupting transmission and conducting post-MDA surveillance are outlined.
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Plant viruses transmission through seed, sap and vegetative propagation
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viruses_tobacco mosaic virus First semester part_1
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Lymphatic Filariasis in Eastern Mediternean Region
Lymphatic Filariasis in Eastern Mediternean Region
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Structural Design on Virus and its Diversity
The coronavirus disease 19 COVID 19 is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS CoV 2 , which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS CoV 2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome like SARS like bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. In this document we will analyze the structure and diversity of the pathogen and we will also discuss the previous emergence of human coronaviruses like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus SARS CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome MERS CoV . Nadia Naseer "Structural Design on Virus and its Diversity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31225.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/31225/structural-design-on-virus-and-its-diversity/nadia-naseer
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Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause disease in animals. Seven, including the new virus, have made the jump to humans, but most just cause cold-like symptoms.
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3) It discusses the virus taxonomy, noting it is an enveloped, positive sense single stranded RNA betacoronavirus that primarily infects the respiratory system via the ACE2 receptor.
Coronavirus
This document provides an overview of coronaviruses, including COVID-19. It discusses the history of coronaviruses, noting their discovery in 1960 and past outbreaks in 2002-2003, 2012, and the current pandemic originating in Wuhan, China. The document describes coronaviruses' structure as single-stranded RNA viruses with protein spikes, and notes they can infect humans and animals. Symptoms are listed as fever, cough and difficulty breathing, with possible outcomes of pneumonia, kidney failure or death. Diagnosis is through samples tested with rt-PCR and treatment is currently supportive care and experimental medications.
Covid19- a brief introduction
This document provides an overview of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It discusses the virus structure and classification, symptoms of COVID-19 infection, modes of transmission, current lack of vaccines or treatments, and ongoing clinical trials of potential treatments. It also summarizes past coronavirus outbreaks like SARS and MERS, and compares the genetic structure of SARS-CoV-2 to related coronaviruses found in bats and pangolins.
Covid 19
This document provides information about COVID-19, including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, structure, pathophysiology, transmission, symptoms, testing, treatment research, and vaccine research. It defines COVID-19 as a respiratory illness caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. It discusses the outbreak originating in Wuhan, China and the global spread of the disease. It also summarizes the virus's structure and life cycle within the body.
Coronavirus
PPT describes brief introduction about the coronavirus and covid pandemic. You will get to know about the various classes of Coronavirus and their comparision between them and also the myths regarding this pandemic.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with positive-sense RNA genomes that derive their name from the crown-like appearance of viral spike proteins on their surface. MERS-CoV is classified within the Betacoronavirus genus and is closely related to bat coronaviruses. Camels are believed to be the primary animal reservoir, with limited human-to-human transmission occurring, mainly in healthcare settings. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia and multi-organ failure. There is currently no vaccine available for MERS-CoV.
COVID-19 and mental disorder during pandemic
This presentation is about mainly covid-19 including coronavirus, classification, SARS, MERS, origin, transmission,mutation,vaccine,prevention,treatment,mental disorder during pandemic( cause,treatment,factors etc) and so more.
*****To know more details , please follow the references.
Coronavirus Information Guide | Presentation Deck | SlideUpLift
Download the Coronavirus Information Guide- https://bit.ly/3kXcDdx
This information deck explains Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in detail. This content deck can be used for giving detailed sessions on COVID-19 to the employees. In brief, the deck explains that Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered family of coronavirus. It is believed that coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged from a bat-borne virus.
The first-ever case of this deadly virus was detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It is said to have spread through a wholesale food market in Wuhan, where humans must have contracted the disease after coming in contact with the infected bat's species. This highly contagious virus spreads from one (infected) person to another, and within six months, WHO announced the COVID-19 outbreak- a pandemic.
Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop severe illness. The usual symptoms of this virus are fever, cough, breathing issues, body aches, and in some cases, other diseases accompany it. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes. COVID-19 is a form of respiratory illness, and it gradually attacks the lungs if not taken immediate measures to control it. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes, and how it spreads. To protect oneself from this infection, you must thoroughly wash your hands or use an alcohol-based rub frequently and not touch one's face. Always wear a face mask. By taking these strict measures, we can slowly but gradually control the spread of COVID-19.
Coronavirus Information Guide | Presentation Deck | SlideUpLift
Download the Coronavirus Information Guide- https://bit.ly/3kXcDdx
This information deck explains Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in detail. This content deck can be used for giving detailed sessions on COVID-19 to the employees. In brief, the deck explains that Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered family of coronavirus. It is believed that coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged from a bat-borne virus.
The first-ever case of this deadly virus was detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It is said to have spread through a wholesale food market in Wuhan, where humans must have contracted the disease after coming in contact with the infected bat's species. This highly contagious virus spreads from one (infected) person to another, and within six months, WHO announced the COVID-19 outbreak- a pandemic.
Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop severe illness. The usual symptoms of this virus are fever, cough, breathing issues, body aches, and in some cases, other diseases accompany it. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes. COVID-19 is a form of respiratory illness, and it gradually attacks the lungs if not taken immediate measures to control it. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes, and how it spreads. To protect oneself from this infection, you must thoroughly wash your hands or use an alcohol-based rub frequently and not touch one's face. Always wear a face mask. By taking these strict measures, we can slowly but gradually control the spread of COVID-19.
Coronavirus Information Guide | Presentation Deck | SlideUpLift
Download the Coronavirus Information Guide- https://bit.ly/3kXcDdx
This information deck explains Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in detail. This content deck can be used for giving detailed sessions on COVID-19 to the employees. In brief, the deck explains that Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered family of coronavirus. It is believed that coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged from a bat-borne virus.
The first-ever case of this deadly virus was detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It is said to have spread through a wholesale food market in Wuhan, where humans must have contracted the disease after coming in contact with the infected bat's species. This highly contagious virus spreads from one (infected) person to another, and within six months, WHO announced the COVID-19 outbreak- a pandemic.
Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop severe illness. The usual symptoms of this virus are fever, cough, breathing issues, body aches, and in some cases, other diseases accompany it. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes. COVID-19 is a form of respiratory illness, and it gradually attacks the lungs if not taken immediate measures to control it. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes, and how it spreads. To protect oneself from this infection, you must thoroughly wash your hands or use an alcohol-based rub frequently and not touch one's face. Always wear a face mask. By taking these strict measures, we can slowly but gradually control the spread of COVID-19.
Coronavirus Information Guide | Presentation Deck | SlideUpLift
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that commonly cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses like the common cold in humans. Some coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have evolved to infect humans from animals and can cause more severe respiratory diseases. SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that emerged in 2019, causes the disease COVID-19 and has spread globally in a pandemic.
Introduction to coronavirus diseases
In These Presentation there is a Brief Description about
what is corona? ,where did he come from ? discovery & many more .
Coronaviruses & COVID 19 - Its Morphology, Role, Mechanism of Action, and Tre...
This document discusses COVID-19 and coronaviruses. It defines COVID-19 as a novel coronavirus first identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases like MERS and SARS. The document then provides details on the structure, replication, and transmission of coronaviruses, symptoms of COVID-19, the ongoing global pandemic, and the discovery and identification of SARS-CoV-2 under electron microscopy.
Similar to CORONA VIRUS or CoViD-19 (20)
Coronavirus Information Guide | Presentation Deck | SlideUpLift
Coronavirus Information Guide | Presentation Deck | SlideUpLift
Coronavirus Information Guide | Presentation Deck | SlideUpLift
Coronavirus Information Guide | Presentation Deck | SlideUpLift
Coronavirus Information Guide | Presentation Deck | SlideUpLift
Coronavirus Information Guide | Presentation Deck | SlideUpLift
Coronavirus Information Guide | Presentation Deck | SlideUpLift
Coronavirus Information Guide | Presentation Deck | SlideUpLift
Coronaviruses & COVID 19 - Its Morphology, Role, Mechanism of Action, and Tre...
Coronaviruses & COVID 19 - Its Morphology, Role, Mechanism of Action, and Tre...
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Brief morphology with images for practical classes of Post graduate students of Zoology, Agriculture, Horticulture and basic science.
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Insects have a segmented body divided into three main parts - the head, thorax, and abdomen. The head contains eyes, antennae, and mouthparts and can be oriented in three positions - prognathous, hypognathous, or opisthognathous. The thorax is composed of three segments that each contain a pair of legs and in some insects a pair of wings. The abdomen contains the digestive and reproductive organs.
Honey bee practical class.pptx
This document provides information about honey bees and their classification. It discusses that there are over 100,000 bee species classified into 90 families. It then lists and describes some common Indian bee species, including Apis cerena, Apis dorsata, Apis florea, and Apis melifera. It also outlines the taxonomic classification of bees from order to species. Key physical features of honey bees are noted such as legs adapted for carrying pollen and three submarginal cells on the forewing.
Honey bee practical class.pptx
This document provides information about honey bees and their classification. It discusses that there are over 100,000 bee species classified into 90 families. It then lists and describes some common Indian bee species, including Apis cerena, Apis dorsata, Apis florea, and Apis melifera. The document also outlines the taxonomic classification of honey bees from order to species level. It provides details on physical features of honey bees such as their legs, wings, and wax glands.
Head of Insect.pptx
The document summarizes the anatomy of an insect's head. It describes the key regions and structures of the head, including the vertex, frons, genae, compound eyes, antennae, and ocelli. It provides detailed descriptions and labeled diagrams of the dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the head. The summary focuses on identifying the main external structures of the insect head and their locations.
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The document discusses the different types of antennae found in insects. It begins by providing background on antennae, noting that they are sensory organs located on the head of most arthropods. It then describes 13 main types of insect antennae based on their shape, including filiform, ensiform, setaceous, moniliform, capitate, clavate, serrate, lamellate, flabellate, pectinate, bi-pectinate, plumose, and geniculate antennae. Each type is defined and examples are given of insect orders that possess that antenna type. The document aims to provide classification and identification of antennae among insects.
Pragjyotisha Vol. V
1. Several kingdoms existed in the region of Pragjyotisha (present-day Northeast India and parts of Bangladesh) during 1400-1500 AD, including Bhutan, Nepal, Tripura, Raha Baropujiya, Darrang, Jayantia, Kachari, Sadia, Ahom, and Gour Bengal.
2. The ruling dynasties of these kingdoms included the Bhutia in Bhutan, Malla in Nepal, Manikya in Tripura, Khen in Darrang, Brahmin in Jayantia, Kachari in Dimapur, Chutiya in Sadia, Ahom in the eponymous kingdom, and Indo-
PRAGJYOTISHA Vol. IV
1. The document reviews the history of the Kamata Kingdom from 1200-1498 AD, located in western Kamarupa (present-day India and Bangladesh).
2. It describes the ruling dynasties of the Kamata Kingdom during this period, including the Khen, Kheng-Bhutia, Arimatta, and Khen rulers.
3. In 1498 AD, the Muslim ruler Hussain Shah invaded and ended the Khen Dynasty, displacing the last Khen king Nilambar and destroying the capital of Kamatapur. The region then came under Muslim rule.
Pragjyotisha Vol. III
This document provides a historical overview of kingdoms and dynasties that ruled the region of Pragjyotisha (present-day Northeast India and parts of Nepal) between 300 AD to 900 AD. It mentions the Sudra, Varman, Licchavi, Gupta, Salastambha, Dimasa and other dynasties that ruled different parts of the region during this period. It provides details on the rulers of each dynasty and references information from sources like inscriptions, Puranas and accounts of Chinese travelers who visited the region.
Pragjyotisha Vol. II
This document provides a historical overview of the kingdom of Pragjyotisha from pre-historic times through approximately 600 AD. It discusses the various dynasties that ruled the region, including the Danava, Gopala, Kirata, Naraka/Bhauma, and Sonitpura dynasties. Key details include the first rulers from each dynasty, the regions they ruled, and references from Hindu texts like the Ramayana and Mahabharata that describe the different time periods and rulers.
PRAGJYOTISHA Vol. I
This document provides a historical overview of the region of Pragjyotisha, which later became known as Cooch Behar. It discusses the various dynasties and kingdoms that ruled the region from ancient times, including the Danava dynasty, Bhaumasura dynasty, Kachari, Sadiya, Pala, Ahom, Chutiya, and Muslim rulers. It also references the mythology and epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata to discuss dates related to Lord Rama and Lord Krishna. The document reviews the various eras of history in the region from the Copper Age to the Iron Age. It provides context on migration patterns of modern humans into the area approximately 22,000
Fish of North bengal Vol.iii
1) The document provides information on various exotic and non-resident fish species found in North Bengal, India that were introduced from other countries or regions.
2) It describes the origin and introduction year of different fish species imported from places like China, Thailand, Indonesia, Africa, and other parts of India.
3) The document is authored by Dr. Tusar K. Ghosal of the Department of Entomology at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya and is dedicated to famous Indian insect taxonomists.
Fish of North Bengal Vol. ii (total slides 66)
This document provides information on over 100 species of fish found in North Bengal, India. It includes the scientific and common names of each species in Bengali and English, as well as notes on conservation status and occurrence in major rivers. Some key points covered are:
- Many native loach, catfish and snakehead species are listed as endangered or critically endangered in North Bengal.
- Major rivers in the region include the Teesta, Mahananda, Torsa and others.
- A wide variety of carp species are documented, along with threatened barils and mahseers.
- The document is dedicated to Indian insect taxonomists and contains specimen identification codes.
Fish of North Bengal Vol. I (Total slides 48)
This document provides information on fish diversity in North Bengal, India. It was published on January 21, 2020 by Dr. Tusar K. Ghosal of the Department of Entomology at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya. It contains descriptions of 42 fish specimens native to North Bengal, including their scientific names, local names, and conservation status. It also lists the major rivers in North Bengal and provides fish diversity statistics for North Bengal, West Bengal, India, and worldwide. The document is dedicated to Indian insect taxonomists.
Mammals of ubkv (29 slides)
This document provides information on various mammal species found at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya in West Bengal, India. It lists species under categories of resident and common, resident and occasional, non-resident and domestic, non-resident and occasional, and non-resident and rare. For each species, it provides the common English and Bengali names, along with 1-2 sentences describing characteristics, habitat, or role in the region. A total of 20 different mammal species are outlined.
Birds of UBKV ( 61 slides )
Brief description and images of the birds of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya (Agricultural University Campus) , W.B. India
Entomology Laboratory at a glance (Slides 103)
The document provides an overview of the entomology laboratory at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya. It includes photos and descriptions of the various facilities and equipment available, such as insect rearing equipment, collection and preservation tools, microscopes, chemicals, and more. The goal is to demonstrate the resources and capabilities of the laboratory for teaching, research, and practical training regarding insect biology, taxonomy, and pest management.
Bag Worm Moth, 20 slides.
1. The bagworm (Eumeta crameri) is a species of moth that builds protective silk bags that it lives within as a larvae.
2. As a larvae, the bagworm attaches pieces of twigs and bark to its silk bag, which it renews periodically throughout its larval stage to accommodate growth.
3. The female adult moths are wingless and die inside their bags after mating and laying eggs, while male moths die outside after mating. Their bags provide protection throughout development.
Cricula Silk Moth
The document discusses several species of wild silk moths in the genus Cricula found in North Bengal, India. It focuses on Cricula trifenestrata, noting its distribution, life cycle, and that it feeds on leaves from various plant hosts. It also describes morphological features and provides images of the female and larvae. Cricula trifenestrata is a multivoltine wild insect that produces golden colored fine silk and has been an important source of raw silk for local tribes in North Bengal.
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CORONA VIRUS or CoViD-19
- 1. The name "coronavirus" is derived from Latin corona , meaning "crown" or “holo” bulbous surface projections creating an image reminiscent of a Dr Tusar Kanti Ghosal, M. Sc., Ph.D Date of publication : 27.03.2020
- 2. Scientific Classification of Corona Virus Unranked : Virus Realm : Riboviria Phylum : Incertae sedis Order :Nidavirales Family : Caranaviridae Subfamily: Orthocoronavirinae Genera : Alphacoronavirus Betacoronavirus Betacoronavirus Gamacoronavirus Deltacoronavirus Synonyms : Coronavirinae Ref : International Code of Virus Clasification and Nomenclature (ICTV)
- 3. Family : Coronaviridae Genus: Alphacoronavirus Species: Human Coronavirus 229 E, Human Coronavirus NL63, Miniopterus bat coronavirus 1, Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKUB, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus HKU2 Scotophilus bat coronavirus 512 Authority of naming of Virus : International Committee on Taxonomy of Virus
- 4. Strains of Human Corona Viruses Strains of human corona viruses : Human Corona Virus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) Human Corona Virus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) Human Corona Virus NL53 (HCoV-NL63) MERS-CoV (Formally known as Novel Corona Virus 2012 or HCoV-EMC ): Middle East Respiratory Syndrome related Corona Virus SARS-CoV or SARS-classic : Severe acute respiratory Syndrome Corona Viruses SARS-CoV-2 (Known as 2019-nCoV) OR Corona Virus 2019 : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2
- 5. SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 ) Source : Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
- 6. Corona Viruses are a group of related virus that cause diseases in mammals and birds. Morphology : The morphology is created by the viral spike peplomers, which are proteins on the surface of the virus. The VIRAL ENVELOPE consists of a lipid bi-layer where the membrane (M), envelope (E) and spike structural proteins are anchored. The lipid bi-layer envelope, membranous proteins, and nucleocapsid protect the virus when it is outside the host cell
- 7. Human to human transmission of coronaviruses is primarily thought to occur among close contacts via respiratory droplets generated by sneezing and coughing. The interaction of the coronavirus spike protein with its complement host cell receptors is central in determining the tissue tropism, infectivity and species range of the virus. eg. SARS CORONAVIRUS infects human cells by attaching to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.
- 8. Characteristics of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Patients have been infected with group of viruses namely : SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV
- 9. COVID 19 (Wuhan Strain) The Wuhan strain has been identified as a new strain of Beta Corona Virus from group 2B with approximately 70% genetic similarity to the SARS-CoV. The virus has a 96% similarity to a bat coronavirus.