2. • It is the most stable entero virus which can
remain viable for years at -20 degree C -70
degree C and can live for several months at 4
degree C.
• They are single stranded RNA without
envelop.
3. • These viruses have affinity to nervous tissues
and cause poliomyelitis.
• The virus spread from man to man by feco oral
route and also by pharyngeal secretions.
4.
5. PATHOGENESIS
• The virus which is enters the body will localize
in the lymphatic tissues of the oro pharynx
and intestine.
• Then enters to the blood stream and reaching
to brain and spinal cord through the blood.
6. CLINICAL FEATURES
• The incubation period is usually 7-14 days.
• Features are,
Sub-Clinical Poliomyelitis
– If patients do have symptoms, they usually last for 72
hours or less and may include:
– headache
– sore, red throat
– slight fever
– vomiting
– general discomfort
7. Non-Paralytic Poliomyelitis
• The symptoms of non paralytic polio may last for
a couple of days to a week or two and includes
– fever
– sore throat in the absence of upper respiratory
infection
– headache
– vomiting
– fatigue
– abnormal reflexes
– problems swallowing and/or breathing
– back and neck pain and stiffness, particularly neck
stiffness with forward flexion of the neck
– arm and leg pain or stiffness
– muscle tenderness and spasms
8. Paralytic Poliomyelitis
• People with paralytic polio experience the
symptoms associated with non-paralytic polio
first. Soon after, the following symptoms
appear:
– loss of reflexes
– severe spasms and muscle pain
– loose and floppy limbs, sometimes on just one
side of the body, this is due to the weakness
which results from the involvement of the spine
– sudden paralysis (temporary or permanent)
– deformed limbs
9. LAB DIAGNOSIS
• Isolation of virus:
the virus can be aspirated from the
pharyngeal aspirations in first 3-5 days. From the
rectal swabs the virus can be isolated upto 5
weeks.
10. • Direct demonstration of viruses:
viruses can be detected in the feces
or rectal swabs by direct electron microscopy as
well as immune electron microscopy.
• Serological tests:
it includes neutralization test and
compliment fixation test
11. TREATMENT
Two types of vaccines are available
1. Inactivated polio vaccine
2. Live attenuated polio vaccine
12.
13. • It includes in the family of orthomyxo viridae.
• It is divided into three types influenza A,B and
C.
• It is spherical in shape and 80-120nm in size
14.
15. PATHOGENESIS
• The virus enters the body through the respiratory
tract.
• The virus binds with the epithelial cells of the
respiratory tract and accumulates in the
respiratory secretions that contains muco
proteins which maintain the viscosity of the
mucous.
16. • The virus acting over the mucous and lowering
the viscosity of mucous as a result a large
number of cells are killed.
• The death of these normal cells leads to
increase the chance of getting secondary
infection.
17. CLINICAL FEATURES
• The incubation period is 48 hours.
• Symptoms are
– Fever over 100 F (38 C)
– Aching muscles, especially in back, arms and legs
– Chills and sweats
– Headache
– Dry, persistent cough
– Fatigue and weakness
– Nasal congestion
– Sore throat
18. DIAGNOSIS
• Isolation of virus:
the virus can be isolated during first
2-3 days of illness from throat swabs, naso
pharyngeal aspirates, and nasal washings.
• Immunofluorescence
• Serological tests: CFT
19. PROPHYLAXIS
• Different types of vaccines are available
– Whole virus vaccine
– Split virus vaccine
– Sub unit virus vaccine
– Live attenuated vaccine
