Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that can cause respiratory infections in humans and other mammals. They derive their name from their crown-like appearance under microscopy. Several vaccines have been developed to provide immunity to COVID-19, including mRNA vaccines from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna, adenovirus vector vaccines from AstraZeneca/Oxford and Johnson & Johnson, and inactivated whole virus vaccines from Sinopharm and Bharat Biotech. These vaccines work by training the immune system to recognize the virus and produce antibodies to fight future infections.

1. coronavirus
vaccines
remarkable emerging vaccines

2. Detailed view of corona virus and their
susceptible vaccines..
Corona virus is an
single stranded Rna
related virus .
They cause diseases
in mammals and
birds.
In humans and birds
they cause
respiratory tract
infections.
Generally the infection
range from mild to
lethal depending upon
the causating varities
of corona virus.
The varities of corona
virus range from mild
infecting agents to
lethal infecting agents .

3. Corona virus is generally
named due to its
morphological structure .
The outer appearance
appears like a crown or
wreath.
It is generally
encapsulated by protein
thick coat , which has
projecting proteins from
the surface of the sheath
of the virus .
The surface projecting
proteins are called spike
proteins and it also posses
membrane proteins on its
sheath as well as it also
posses envelope proteins.

4. Corona virus
illustrated figures
. As we look at that figures , we can draw a conclusion that
the structural view illustrates that It is encapsulated with
proteins , embedded with proteins and looks like a crown
studded with gems *(proteins)*.

5. The varieties of corona viruses
• There are several varieties or species of corona virus that generally cause infections in
organisms.
• Since early 1940 investigations were made regarding corona virus , after then June almeida
and David tyrell coined the term corona virus as it was first observed by them in human
beings .
• They published a journal entitled as : NATURE TO DESIGNATE “ NEW FAMILY OF
VIRUS”.
• after then many species of corona virus have been evolved , like IBV , MHV, B814 ,
NOVEL CORONA VIRUS , 229E,OC43, were identified
• Other human corona virus were also identified SARS –COV, HCOVL63, HCOV HKU
1 , MERS- COV , SARS COV 2 , etc.

6. Vaccines :
As different types of species
of corona virus causes
different types of diseases,
there has to be some agent
that could act upon corona
virus .
Agents may be referred to as
vaccines .
Vaccines are referred to the
substances that work by
training and preparing the
natural defences – the
immune system to recognize
and fight against virus.
The vaccine action is antigen
specific.

7. Vaccines are of following types based of
route of administration and type which
posses either the whole inactivated organism
or its fragment as a whole.
The vaccines maybe Mrna type , Dna type,
adenovirus vector, subunit type of vaccine
etc.

8. Vaccine
Manufactured by Route of
administration type origin
1.Oxford astrazenca covid
-19 vaccine
Astrazeneca ; serum
institute of india
intramuscular Adeno virus vector UK, sweden
2.Pfizer bioNtech covid -
19 vaccine
Pfizer ; bioNtech ; shangai
fosun pharma co ltd .
intramuscular mrna UK, germany
3.Sputnik v covid -19
vaccine
Gamelaya research institute
; dr.reddy lab
intramuscular Adenovirus vector russia
4. Moderna covid-19
vaccine
Moderna , lonza group intramuscular mrna usa
5.BBIBP -CORV sinopharm intramuscular Inactivates cov-19 virus china

9. vaccine Manufactured by route of
administration
type origin
6.Johnson and
johnson
Emergent
biosolutions
intramuscular Adenovirus vector USA, germany
7.coronavac Sinovac, biofarma intramuscular Inactivated corona
virus
china
8.BBV152( covaxin) Bharat biotech intramuscular Inactivated corona
virus
india
9.AD5-
Ncov(convidecia)
Cansino biologics Intramuscular/
intranasal
Adenovirus vector china
10.Epivac corona Vector institute intramuscular Subunit vaccine russia

10. vaccine Manufactured by
Route of
administration
type origin
11. WIBP-CorV Sinopharm intramuscular Inactivated sars cov-2 china
112. CoviVac The Chumakov Centre at
the Russian Academy of
Sciences
intramuscular Inactivated sars cov-2 russia

11. • Above are the vaccines discovered to eradicate
corona virus pandemic .
• Vaccine boost up the immune system , by
producing antibodies in the body of an organism
, as for the next invasion body of an organism
fights back and protect itself against the
pathogen.
• The above vaccines are mostly authorized and
recognized vaccines by earlier studies since the
development of corona virus pandemic.