This document provides an overview of COVID-19 (coronavirus) including its classification, introduction, transmission, replication, structure, symptoms, prevention, and references. Key points include that COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a new strain of coronavirus, and spreads mainly person to person via respiratory droplets. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Prevention focuses on hand washing, physical distancing, masks, and seeking medical care for fever and breathing difficulties.

1. COVID - 19
SUBJECT:
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
PRESENTED BY:
-DHANYA K (Roll No:5024)
DATE : 17/10/2020

2. CONTENT
•Classification
•Introduction
•Corona Virus
•SARS and MERS
•Transmission
•Replication
•Life span
•Symptoms
•Spreading
•Structure
•Prevention

3. CLASSIFICATION OF CORONA VIRUS
• Kingdom: Orthornavirae
• Phylum : Pisuviricota
• Class : Pisoniviricetes
• Order : Nidovirales
• Family : Coronaviridae
• Subfamily: Orthocoronavirinae
• Genera : Alphacoronavirus
• Synonyms: Coronavirinae

4. INTRODUCTION
• The name "corona virus" is derived from
Latin corona, meaning "crown" or "wreath"
• The name was coined by June Almeida and David
Tyrrell who first observed and studied human corona
viruses
• The scientific name Corona virus was accepted as a
genus name by the International Committee for the
Nomenclature of Viruses
• The scientific name Corona virus was accepted as a
genus name by the International Committee for the
Nomenclature of Viruses
• The common name corona virus is used to refer to
any member of the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae

5. CORONA VIRUS
• Corona virus commonly called as covid 19 is a
pandemic disorder which was first identified on
December 2019 in Wuhan, china.
• Corona virus are believed to cause a significant
percentage of all common cold in human adults.
• Corona virus primarily infect the upper respiratory
and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds.
• A corona virus is a kind of common virus that
causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper
throat.
• Four to five different currently known strains of
corona virus infect humans and the most
publicized human corona virus is SARS.

6. • Corona virus are a family of viruses that includes the
common cold, SARS and MERS.
• The most recent covid-19 outbreak involves a new
strain that previously had not been identified in
humans.
• It also causes infection in nose ,sinuses ,or upper
throat.
• Covid 19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that can
trigger the respiratory tract and cause infection.
• It can affect our upper respiratory tract referred as
sinuses , nose and throat or the lower respiratory
track referred to as windpipe and lungs.

7. SARS and MERS
• Research evidence suggests that SARS- CoV and MERS-
CoV originated in bats, and it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 did
as well.
• SARS- CoV then spread from infected civets to people,
while MERS-CoV spreads from infected dromedary
camels to people.
• Scientists are trying to determine how SARS-CoV-2
spread from an animal reservoir to people.
• SARS- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
• MERS- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
• COVID -19 is the advance form of the syndromes SARS
and MERS.
• As they are also called as SARS- CoV and MERS- CoV.

8. TRANSMISSION

9. REPLICATION OF CORONA VIRUS

10. LIFE SPAN

11. SYMPTOMS
• Fever
• Coughing
• Shortness of breath
• Trouble breathing
• Fatigue
• Chills , sometimes with
shaking
• Body aches
• Head ache
• Sore throat
• Congession / running
nose
• Loss of smell and taste
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Ongoing chest pain or
pressure
• New confusion
• Can’t wake up fully
• Bluish lips or face

13. • The most common symptoms among the people
according to the researches of china are :
• Fever - 99 %
• Fatigue - 70 %
• Cough - 59 %
• Lack of appetite - 40 %
• Body aches - 35 %
• Shortness of breath - 31 %
• Mucus / phlegm - 27 %
Some people whoa are hospitalized for COVID -19
also had dangerous blood clotting in their legs ,
lungs, and arteries.

15. SERIOUS IMPACT OF COVID -19 IN THE
FOLLOWING CASES:
• Chronic kidney disease
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• A weakened immune system because of an organ
transplant
• Obesity
• Serious heart conditions such as heart failure or
coronary artery disease
• Sickle cell disease
• Type 2 diabetes
• Moderate to severe asthma
• Thalassemia
• Type 1 diabetes

16. • Diseases that affect your blood vessels and blood
flow to your brain
• Cystic fibrosis
• High blood pressure
• A weakened immune system because of a blood or
bone marrow transplant, HIV, or medications like
corticosteroids
• Dementia
• Liver disease
• Pregnancy
• Damaged or scarred lung tissue (pulmonary fibrosis)
• Smoking

17. SPREADING OF CORONA VIRUS
• SARS-CoV-2, the virus, mainly spreads from person to
person.
• Most of the time, it spreads when a sick person coughs
or sneezes.
• They can spray droplets as far as 6 feet away. If you
breathe them in or swallow them, the virus can get into
your body.
• Some people who have the virus don't have symptoms,
but they can still spread the virus.
• You can also get the virus from touching a surface or
object the virus is on, then touching your mouth, nose,
or possibly your eyes.

18. STRUCTURE
• They are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded
RNA viruses of zoonotic origin.
• They are spherical to pleomorphic particles,
measuring between 80 and 160 nm in length.
• SARS CoV-2 contains four structural proteins, namely
envelope (E), spike (S), membrane (M), and
nucleocapsid (N).
• The S, M, and E proteins together form the envelope
of the virus.
• The M protein is the most abundant, mostly
responsible for the shape of the envelope.
• The E protein is the smallest structural protein.

19. • Although N protein is largely involved in processes
relating to the viral genome, it is also involved in
other aspects of the CoV replication cycle (assembly
and budding) and the host cellular response to viral
infection.
• Polymers of S proteins remain embedded in the
envelope giving it a crown-like appearance, thus the
name corona virus.
• N proteins remain associated with the RNA forming a
nucleocapsid inside the envelope.
• The S and M proteins are also the transmembrane
proteins that are involved in virus assembly during
replication.

21. PREVENTION
• Clean your hands often using soap and water, or
an alcohol-based hand rub.
• Maintain a safe distance from anyone who is
coughing or sneezing.
• Wear a mask when physical distancing is not
possible.
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth.
• Cover your nose and mouth with your bent elbow
or a tissue when you cough or sneeze.
• Stay home if you feel unwell.
• If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing,
seek medical attention.

22. REFERENCE
• World Health Organization, Clinical management of
COVID-19 interim guidance 2020 [internet
publication].
• National Institutes of Health, Coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines 2020
[internet publication].
• Colaneri M, Sacchi P, Zuccaro V, et al. Clinical
characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
early findings from a teaching hospital in Pavia,
North Italy, 21 to 28 February 2020.

23. THANK YOU